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Cloning in Plants and Animals: Divergent Pathways and Ethical Boundaries in Biotechnology Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Nosheen Aslam; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Jaouher Ben Ali; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi; Abid Mahmood
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6140

Abstract

The creation of genetically identical creatures by cloning is essential to contemporary biotechnology, agriculture, and medical research. Although the basic idea of cloning is the same in all kingdoms, there are substantial differences between plants and animals in terms of its use, effectiveness, and moral consequences. Cloning is a common, natural occurrence in plants and is frequently accomplished using asexual reproduction procedures such as tissue culture, grafting, and vegetative propagation. Because plant cells are highly totipotent, practically any somatic cell may grow again into a whole organism given the right circumstances. The production of genetically engineered plants with enhanced features, the preservation of uncommon species, and the large-scale multiplication of genetically uniform crops have all been made easier by this regenerative potential. Animal cloning, on the other hand, poses far more biological and technological difficulties. Due to developmental errors, aberrant gene expression, and insufficient reprogramming of the donor nucleus, this procedure usually has poor success rates and necessitates intricate management. It brings up important issues about biodiversity, animal care, and the ethical ramifications of cloning sentient creatures. Furthermore, animal cloning is more closely regulated and scrutinized by the public than plant cloning, which is generally recognized in agricultural operations and conservation initiatives. This is particularly true when it comes to food production and possible human cloning. The difference in the effectiveness and uses of cloning is mostly explained by the difference in totipotency between plant and animal cells. The accuracy of modification is becoming closer thanks to recent technological advancements like CRISPR-Cas9, yet the ethical and practical possibilities of cloning in these two domains are still not comparable. The intricate relationship between biological viability, technical development, and societal acceptability of interspecies cloning is shown by this comparative study. Guidance on the proper application and control of cloning technologies in biomedicine and agriculture depends on an understanding of these distinctions.
Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Modern Therapeutic Approaches Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Abid Mahmood; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Jaouher Ben Ali; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5640

Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is an ailment of the gastrointestinal tract that is quite common and is marked by the development of open lesions known as ulcers in the stomach as well as in the proximal duodenum. It arises as a consequence of the imbalance between the protective enzymatic mechanisms of the mucosa, and the injurious agents like gastric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori, and even non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While many ulcers heal spontaneously, complications such as bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction can lead to serious morbidity or mortality. With PUD, they can be treated and/or prevented if basic instruction is provided alongside a proper overview of the condition's etiological basis. In this case, pharmacological therapy and endoscopic procedures are heavily applicable.
Preserving Biodiversity: The Vital Role of Flora and Fauna in Global Sustainability Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Abid Mahmood; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemi; Gaweł Sołowski; Jaouher Ben Ali; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5814

Abstract

The ecological balance of the planet, human well-being, and the vitality of natural systems are inextricably linked to the diversity of flora and fauna—biological resources that sustain life through myriad ecosystem services. Flora, comprising the world’s plant life, is fundamental to oxygen production, carbon sequestration, and photosynthetic energy transfer, forming the base of nearly all food webs. Fauna, encompassing animal life, plays critical roles in pollination, seed dispersal, pest regulation, and nutrient cycling. The vast biodiversity encapsulated in global flora and fauna represents the outcome of millions of years of evolution and adaptation. However, unprecedented anthropogenic pressures—including deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and biological invasions—have precipitated significant biodiversity loss in the twenty-first century. This decline jeopardizes not only ecological stability but also the essential services that underpin human health, agriculture, and economic development. In response, disciplines such as environmental science, conservation biology, and sustainable development have mobilized to advocate for the protection of biodiversity through international frameworks like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), targeted species and habitat conservation programs, and enhanced biodiversity monitoring systems. This paper underscores both the intrinsic and utilitarian value of biodiversity, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated global action. Ensuring the persistence of biological diversity demands reinforced environmental governance, expanded protected area networks, ecological restoration, and the integration of sustainability principles into development agendas. The survival of flora and fauna is not only an environmental imperative but a foundation for human resilience and planetary sustainability.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Understanding Its Roots, Impact, and Modern Approaches to Treatment Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Abid Mahmood; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Jaouher Ben Ali; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5668

Abstract

Chronic worry and anxiety about particular areas of functioning or life shifts Characterizes GAD. Generalized anxiety disorder GAD remains one among the most widespread and enduring forms of anxiety disorder. GAD doesn’t arise out of thin air, but is often associated with deeper, systematic issues at hand. Not only does GAD affect one neurologically, but it impacts their emotional, social, and occupational functionality. Globally, millions face GAD. Furthermore, unlike anxiety regarding day-to-day things, GAD has no identifiable ‘weakness’ that triggers it, making it chronic in nature and extremely hard to control without professional support. In this article, I will aims towards incorporating the important aspects of GAD exploring its headline causes, diagnostic rules, prominent face, and fusion of treatment including modern medicine alongside proactive methods like exercise, psychotherapy, and self-help programs. Primarily focus is laid on CBT alongside mindfulness approaches, innovation due to neurobiology in treatment, and neurobiology’s impact on understanding and eradicating illness.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): A Multifactorial Mental Health Crisis and Approaches to Holistic Management Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Abid Mahmood; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Jaouher Ben Ali; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5670

Abstract

MDD, also known as Major Depressive Disorder, or clinical depression, is one of the most common and debilitating mental illnesses worldwide since it affects a person’s emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning balance. Sufferers typically experience unrelenting low mood, anhedonia or lack of interest in activities, extreme tiredness, and numerous loopy mental and physical symptoms that negatively affect normal functioning. It’s worth emphasizing that a complex disorder, not solely an emotional state, depression arises as a result of the interplay of genetics, predisposition to the illness, neurobiological underpinnings, psychosocial and environmental stressors, as well as their myriad factors. This paper analyzes the causes, symptoms, diagnostic guidelines, and the most recent methods of treatment available for MDD. Special focus is given to psychotherapy, pharmacologic approaches, lifestyle changes, and the necessity for a holistic approach that integrates all dimensions of patient care.
Modern Microbiology: Exploring Microbial Frontiers in Health, Environment, and Biotechnology Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Abid Mahmood; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; , Jaouher Ben Ali; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5818

Abstract

Microbiology, the study of microscopic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, remains one of the most dynamic and transformative disciplines in modern science. It is foundational to understanding diverse biological systems, from molecular genetics to ecosystem function, and is integral to advancements in biotechnology, medicine, and environmental science. The field has expanded significantly with the advent of molecular biology and omics technologies, enabling precise exploration of microbial genetics, physiology, and metabolic networks. Microorganisms, while recognized as agents of disease, are also vital for global biogeochemical cycles, nutrient turnover, and ecological resilience. Recent decades have seen a surge in interest driven by the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the global burden of infectious diseases, and the need to decode host microbe interactions. Innovations such as next generation sequencing, metagenomics, and single cell analysis have redefined microbial ecology by revealing the complexity and ubiquity of unculturable microbial communities across environments—from the human gut microbiota to extreme ecosystems like deep sea hydrothermal vents. Simultaneously, the rise of synthetic biology and microbial bioengineering has paved the way for novel applications in sustainable energy, environmental remediation, and industrial biotechnology. Particularly, the human microbiome has emerged as a frontier linking microbial diversity to immunity, metabolic health, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. As microbiology increasingly converges with computational biology, nanotechnology, and systems medicine, it is poised to offer transformative solutions to global challenges in health, food security, and environmental sustainability. This overview synthesizes the current landscape of microbiological research, spotlighting core concepts and emerging directions that define the field’s evolution.
The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Mental and Physical Health Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Nosheen Aslam; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Abid Rashid; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi; Abid Mahmood
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6248

Abstract

Sleep is a complex, restorative, and multi-stage process essential for maintaining physical health, emotional regulation, and cognitive functioning. Beyond mere rest, sleep supports vital biological functions that sustain overall well-being. However, in today’s fast-paced society, social interactions, work demands, and excessive screen time frequently take precedence over adequate sleep, leading to widespread sleep deficiency. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as sleep deprivation, is increasingly prevalent, particularly in developing countries where technological advancement, occupational pressures, and lifestyle factors disrupt natural sleep-wake cycles. This article examines the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep, exploring the underlying biological mechanisms and their impact on cardiovascular health, immune system function, mental health, memory, and quality of life. Additionally, it underscores the importance of proper sleep hygiene and presents strategies to improve sleep patterns across all age groups, aiming to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep loss and promote holistic health.
The Effect of Social Media on Mental Wellbeing: The Good and the Bad Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Nosheen Aslam; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Jaouher Ben Ali; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi; Abid Mahmood
Kwaghe International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Religious Studies Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Religious Studies
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijahrs.v2i2.6246

Abstract

Social media has evolved into a central platform for interpersonal communication and a powerful source of information within contemporary culture. While earlier generations were less accustomed to integrating technology and social media into daily life, current users actively embrace these platforms. Beyond facilitating social connections and networking opportunities, social media also serves as a tool for raising awareness and promoting various causes. However, these benefits are counterbalanced by potential negative effects on users’ emotional well-being. This paper critically examines the impact of social media on mental health, focusing on issues such as social media addiction, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. It explores how excessive media use and social comparison contribute to psychological distress, highlighting the importance of user responsibility. Ultimately, the discussion advocates for a balanced approach to social media engagement that safeguards mental health while leveraging its positive potentials.
The Psychology of Loneliness: Understanding Its Causes, Effects, and Paths to Healing Muhammad Akram; Isaac John Umaru; Nosheen Aslam; Abid Rashid; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Said Khan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi; Abid Mahmood
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.6349

Abstract

Loneliness is a deeply personal and multifaceted emotional state that affects millions of individuals across all ages, genders, and cultural backgrounds. Often misunderstood as a temporary feeling, loneliness can have serious implications for both mental and physical health, contributing to conditions such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. This article explores the psychological underpinnings of loneliness, examining how it influences emotional well-being, thought processes, and behavior. It also analyzes the broader social and cultural dynamics, such as digital disconnection, urbanization, and changing family structures that have contributed to its growing prevalence in the modern world. In response, the article discusses a range of evidence-based approaches to addressing loneliness, including public awareness initiatives, therapeutic interventions focused on social reengagement, and lifestyle adjustments aimed at fostering meaningful connections. By highlighting these strategies, the article seeks not only to demystify the experience of loneliness but also to promote resilience and recovery, offering a hopeful perspective on overcoming this often-invisible emotional struggle.