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All Journal The Avicenna Medical Journal Andalasian Livestock Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Faheem Ahmed Khan
Research Center For Animal Husbandry, Research Organization For Agriculture And Food, National Research And Innovation Agency (BRIN)
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary

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Comparative Analysis of Leguminous Substitutes Versus Conventional Concentrates on Nutrient Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation in Livestock Ezi Masdia Putri; Windu Negara; Ruslan Abdul Gopar; Hikmah Agustina Parastiwi; Riris Delima Purba; Putut Suryo Negoro; Faheem Ahmed Khan; Bayu Andri Atmoko; Mardiati Zain; Riki Hiskia Candra; Ummi Amanah
Andalasian Livestock Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): ALive
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/alive.v2.n2.p126-134.2025

Abstract

Concentrate can improve livestock productivity due to its high protein content. Meanwhile, a high proportion of concentrate consumption in livestock can decrease the pH of the rumen and lead to a decrease in rumen performance. Leguminous plants that have high protein and are abundantly available are a potential source of protein and concentrate substitutes in livestock diets. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Indigofera zollingeriana (IZ) as concentrate substitutes in RDP: RUP-concentrate-based diet on degradation of dry matter degradability (DMD) and organic matter (OMD), digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), pH value, NH3 concentration, and total gas production. This study used a Randomized Block Design, consisting of seven treatments with four replications. The treatments were: T1 = control consist of 40% Pennisetum clandestinum (PC) and 60% concentrate (C) (RDP: RUP of concentrate = 60%:40% of crude protein), T2 = 40% PC + 45% C + 15% LL, T3 = 40% PC + 45% C + 15% IZ, T4 = 40% PC + 30% C + 30% LL, T5 = 40% PC + 30% C + 30% IZ, T6 = 40% PC + 30% C + 15% LL + 15% IZ, T7 = 40% PC + 30% LL + 30% IZ. This study reported that leguminous as concentrate substitutes in RDP: RUP-concentrate-based diet significantly affected nutrient digestibility and total gas production, while pH value and NH3 concentration did not differ among experimental diets. The supplementation of LL 15-30% and IZ 15-30% in RDP: RUP-based diet increases DMD, OMD, IVTD, and total gas production. The combination of LL and IZ 15-30% in RDP: RUP-based diets tend to depress OMD, while other parameters did not differ among experimental diets. The highest DMD, OMD, IVTD, and total gas production were observed in the experimental diet with 30% of IZ substitutes in the RDP: RUP-concentrate-based diet. In conclusion, 30% Indigofera zollingeriana as a concentrate substitute in RDP: RUP-concentrate-based diet can increase nutrient digestibility and optimize rumen fermentation characteristics.
PCA-based metagenomics reveals functional and taxonomic diversity in Kedu chicken gut microbiota NURULIARIZKI SHINTA PANDUPUSPITASARI; SUGIHARTO SUGIHARTO; IKANIA AGUSETYANINGSIH; DELA AYU LESTARI; FAHEEM AHMED KHAN; ASEP SETIAJI; MUHAMMAD ASIF RAZA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260832

Abstract

Abstract. Pandupuspitasari NS, Sugiharto S, Agusetyaningsih I, Lestari DA, Khan FA, Setiaji A, Raza MA. 2025. PCA-based metagenomics reveals functional and taxonomic diversity in Kedu chicken gut microbiota. Biodiversitas 26: 4035-4041. The Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) microbiota plays a central role in poultry health, productivity, and resilience, influencing digestion, nutrient absorption, immune development, and disease resistance. This study provides the first multi-database Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based metagenomic characterization of the gut microbiota in Kedu chickens (Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)), an indigenous Indonesian breed. Digesta from five GIT segments (crop, gizzard, jejunum, colon, and cecum) of 21 traditionally reared Kedu chickens were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq X Plus platform, yielding 1,523,876 unigenes. Functional annotation against Non-Redundant Protein Database (NR), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database (CAZy), Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB), Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD), and Virulence Factor Database (VFDB) revealed enrichment of genes involved in metabolism (38.2%), cellular processes (15.7%), environmental information processing (12.6%), and genetic information processing (11.0%). PCA separated GIT segments by functional specialization: The jejunum clustered distinctly (PC1 variance = 26.48% for NR, 30.04% for COG, 67.16% for KEGG) due to nutrient absorption-related functions, while the cecum exhibited the highest diversity and carbohydrate-active enzyme profiles (PC1 = 24.98% for CAZy). ARDB/CARD analysis showed that distal GIT segments (colon, cecum) contained higher densities of antimicrobial resistance genes, and VFDB revealed elevated virulence factor abundance in ileum and cecum. These findings highlight segment-specific microbiota roles, supporting the development of targeted probiotics and feed strategies, and contribute to conserving the functional biodiversity of Kedu chickens in sustainable production systems.
Time-Dependent Secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, Perforin, and Granzyme-B in CTL-Conditioned Medium from Colorectal Cancer Patient Sugeng Ibrahim; Agung Putra; Nurul Hidayah; Ahmed Faheem Khan; Dendi Krisna Nugraha
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): The Avicenna Medical Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/avicenna.v6i1.46889

Abstract

Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key effectors of adaptive immunity, exerting their functions through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from CTLs has emerged as a potential cell-free immunotherapeutic strategy; however, the temporal dynamics of its secreted mediators remain poorly defined. Methods: Human CTLs were isolated, activated, and cultured in vitro. CM was harvested at defined intervals (days 5, 10, and 15). Concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), perforin, and granzyme-B were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Temporal secretion profiles were evaluated using ANOVA with post-hoc analysis. Results: IFN-γ and TNF-α exhibited peak secretion at day 5, followed by a decline at later time points. In contrast, perforin and granzyme-B increased progressively, reaching maximal levels at day 15. All four mediators demonstrated significant time-dependent variation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CTL-derived CM displays distinct time-dependent secretion patterns, with cytokines predominating during early activation and cytotoxic molecules dominating later phases. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing CM collection timing to maximize its immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential, and provide a rationale for further translational development of CTL-CM in immunotherapy.
Co-Authors Agung Putra ASEP SETIAJI Bayu Andri Atmoko DELA AYU LESTARI Dendi Krisna Nugraha Ezi Masdia Putri Hikmah Agustina Parastiwi IKANIA AGUSETYANINGSIH Mardiati Zain MUHAMMAD ASIF RAZA Nurul Hidayah NURULIARIZKI SHINTA PANDUPUSPITASARI Putut Suryo Negoro Riki Hiskia Candra Riris Delima Purba Ruslan Abdul Gopar Sugeng Ibrahim SUGIHARTO SUGIHARTO Ummi Amanah Windu Negara