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Perceived Influences of Leadership on the Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia Saroeum Kong; Sarom Mok; Songheang Ai
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i1.16930

Poor leadership practices by managers and business owners contributed to SMEs’ demise. This qualitative, descriptive case study examined how leadership affects SMEs’ ability to survive. The study looked into how leadership affects SMEs' ability to survive in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The viewpoints and experiences of SME owners and managers provide insights into leadership strategies that help SMEs survive. The interview questions were answered by the twenty participants. Interviews, scheduling, obtaining consent papers, digitally capturing audio, and transcribing participant responses comprised the process. Data analysis was a continuous process that helped provide an analysis that addressed the study questions, which aided in understanding responses and coming to the right findings. The themes were coded with the help of Nvivo 10® data analysis software. The themes were identified during the preliminary data analysis and categorized based on typical responses. The results showed that there were four primary themes: the perspectives of leadership experience, leadership practices, business practices, and sustainable leadership practices on the survival of SMEs. It was recommended that SME owners identify and put into practice the organization’s fundamental values, which include work-life balance, integrity, customer focus, valued employees, trust, and creativity and innovation. Because a SME owner may interact with staff members more frequently and directly, their actions can have a big impact on the business. Leaders were advised to foster a culture of cooperation between the public, corporate, and academic sectors.

Exploring the Perceived Affordable Residential Condominium among Middle-Income Cambodian People in Phnom Penh, Cambodia Chamnab Voeun; Sarom Mok; Bora Khath
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i1.17067

Ongoing economic difficulties, such as stricter credit requirements and low domestic spending, have made the residential real estate market’s steady decline worse in Cambodia. In light of this, the fundamental purpose of this study was to determine how middle-income individuals who wish to live in Phnom Penh in the future will be affected by the city’s overgrowth in real estate and housing prices, as well as how to make condominiums in the Phnom Penh area accessible through both condominium design and policies. Through the analysis of secondary data and expert interviews at real estate firms, this study employed qualitative approaches. The results showed that although middle-income earnings increased, they did not rise in tandem with the Phnom Penh area’s rapidly increasing real estate values. Cambodian middle-income people might eventually be unable to buy condominiums in the Phnom Penh area as a result of this. Additionally, middle-class people find it increasingly difficult to locate reasonably priced condominiums in the Phnom Penh area because developers are discouraged from investing in these kinds of developments due to their inability to make a profit. This study has looked at strategies to help developers provide more reasonably priced condominiums and to make it easier for middle-class people to purchase condominiums in the Bangkok area through a number of support programs. The results showed that the home loan policy, tax reduction, bonus, and construction material cost reduction were among the collection of supportive policies that might be used.

Experiential Learning in Tourism in Cambodia: Roles of Service Quality in Enhancing Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention in the Digital Era Sovantha Ros; Sarom Mok
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i1.17627

In this study, tourism service quality is considered an experiential learning process to increase customer satisfaction and behavioral intention in the digital era. These aspects can be studied in the context of tourism in Siem Reap, Cambodia, by examining the relationship between tourism service quality, customer satisfaction, behavioral intention, and the moderating effect of experiential learning. A quantitative research design was carried out using a structured questionnaire with 400 international tourists. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to the relationship between the variables, and mediating and moderating effects were analyzed. We found that tourism service quality positively impacts customer satisfaction (β = 0.62, p < 0.001), while customer satisfaction has a significant effect on behavioral intention (β = 0.68, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis explains that customer satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship of tourism service quality and behavioral intention (β = 0.42, p < 0.001). Experiential learning also moderates the relationship between tourism service quality and customer satisfaction (β = 0.21, p < 0.05) and customer satisfaction and behavioral intention (β = 0.19, p < 0.05). The model demonstrates a beneficial fit with the data. These findings indicate the need to integrate service quality and experiential learning to enhance customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. The research of this study is both tourism and educational in nature, as tourism is considered an experiential learning process and thus is useful for the development of sustainable and engaging tourism in the digital era.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of ADR Mechanisms in Cambodia: Implications for Justice Education and Policy Phyny Sin; Sarom Mok; Mengheang Hor; Sovantha Ros
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i1.17100

This study investigated how well alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods work in Cambodia, and how they relate to education about justice and the creation of policies. Data were collected from 300 respondents (ADR practitioners, conflict resolution practitioners, parties to disputes and the general public) using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted in SPSS based on the data. As a result of these findings, we have found that ADR mechanisms are highly effective in resolving disputes and improving procedures. Mediation was perceived to be effective (M = 4.15, S.D. = 0.60) among respondents and thus, it is a positive sign that ADR mechanisms are effective. The correlations show that mediation (r = .68, p < .01), reconciliation (r = .66, p < .01) and negotiation (r = .65, p < .01) are very positive for ADR mechanisms. Several regression analyses showed that ADR mechanisms significantly predict the overall effectiveness. The regression model was statistically significant (R² = .52, p < .01) with mediation being the most significant predictor. These results also confirmed the effectiveness of ADR systems with mediation. And, ADR is an effective driver for lower court workload, judicial efficiency and social harmony, in addition to the results. ADR systems also advance justice education through the development of legal awareness and professional and institutional capacities. These findings are in line with the requirement of ADR to be integrated into the system of law education and policy-building.

Financing Industrial Innovation: Empirical Research on the Impact of Sectoral Bank Credit on Business Development in Cambodia Pisith Hok; Sarom Mok; Bora Khath; Tharith Pin
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i1.17397

This empirical study examines the linkage between bank credit and innovation of sectors as determinants of economic growth in Cambodia for the period from 2009 to 2023. Quantitative approach and secondary data in the form of time series data will be used in the study. The data is sourced from National Bank of Cambodia and International Monetary Fund, and the analysis will involve simple and multiple regressions. Results indicate that while bank credit expansion (reaching 175.01% of GDP by 2023) acts as a powerful force for economic growth, its impact is highly uneven across industries. The findings show that the credit that was designed to aid real estate, agriculture, and media and telecommunications is the one that has made positive impacts on growth, while credit aimed at mining, utility, and hospitality industries has caused negative impacts. This means that current innovation in the industry has been centered on developments in urban settings and information technology, and not capital-intensive industries. According to the findings, for sustainable growth, the government should move from expanding credit to strategically allocating credit in the productive and innovative sectors. This paper addresses the finance-growth literature in developing countries and offers a framework for distributing credit strategically.

Impact of Public Service Motivation on Service Quality in Cambodian Healthcare Settings Kosal Thay; Sarom Mok; Mengheang Hor; Somuny Som
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i1.17600

This study aimed: (1) to examine the level of public service motivation among healthcare providers; (2) to assess the level of service quality in public healthcare settings; and (3) to investigate the relationship between public service motivation and service quality in public healthcare settings in Cambodia. A quantitative research design based on correlational approach was employed. The data were collected from 300 healthcare providers via a structured questionnaire consists of public service motivation (PSM) and service quality (SQ) constructs. Descriptive and inferential statistical method were used to analyze the data. The findings found that the overall PSM was at moderate level (M = 3.49), with self-sacrifice ranked highest among all dimensions. At the same time, SQ was perceived at high level (M = 3.56), with assurance and responsiveness as the top dimensions. Interestingly, the study revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between PSM and SQ (r = 0.80, p< 0.01), suggesting that higher levels of motivation are associated with better service delivery. The results highlighted the essential role of intrinsic motivation in enhancing healthcare service quality. These findings offer practical insights for advancing healthcare reforms and promoting more responsive and citizen-centered service delivery in Cambodia.

Perceived Importance and Existence of Career Development Practices in the Cambodian Context: Toward High School Students’ Future Careers Connectedness and Readiness Sarom Mok; Sothea Lim
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i2.15141

While the importance of school counselors in fostering college connectedness and career readiness has been acknowledged in professional literature, little research has looked at how those in administrative and supervisory positions see their efforts. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to find out the perceptions of school directors and student’s supervisors of guidance on the importance and existing practices of career development in the Cambodian context. A total of 90 high school directors in Phnom Penh participated in this study. The instrument was adapted from the Directors and Supervisors of School Counselors Career Development Survey was given to members of the high school directors of guidance in order to assess their opinions regarding career development practices. Collected data were then analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS program. The findings revealed that the relationship between participant perceptions of importance and subsequent perceptions of existence of career development practices were statistically significant (r = .51; p < .001). It was also found that the predictive relationship between participant perceptions of importance and subsequent perceptions of the existence of career development practices were detected as statistically significant (B = 0.92, t (50) = 4.15, p < .001). This study helped shape future policy and current career development practices in high schools by offering insight into the ways that career development methods through school counselors need to be improved.

Examining the Relationship Between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Culture among High School Teachers in Cambodia Samnang Pann; Sarom Mok; Sophea Chan
International Journal of Educational Innovation and Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/ijeir.v5i2.16929

This study examined the levels of quality of work life and organizational culture among the high school teachers in Cambodia and traversed through the relationship between these two constructs, the quality of work life and organizational culture. A total partisipan of 760 high school teachers from three different representative provinces and one capital city to participate in this study. The data was collected via using a structured questionnaire made and adjusted by the researchers. The instrument easily demonstrated excellent reliability in .970 scores of Cronbach’s Alpha and its accuracy was established through the expert review, back-translation and The Index of Item Objective Congruence. The data was thoroughly analyzed and inspected using descriptive and inferential methods. The findings revealed that both quality of work life and organizational culture were at a moderate level among the high school teachers. In addition to that, a strong positive relationship was found between quality of work life and organizational culture. The findings also shown that significant positive correlations between the healthy and supportive work environment and organizational culture (r=.565, p < .001), opportunities in the workplace and organizational culture (r=.554, p < 0.001), administrative support and career development assistance and organizational culture (r=.543, p < .001), Collegial relationships and a sense of belonging within the school and organizational culture (r= .438, p < .001), and Fair and adequate salary and benefits and organizational culture (r= .372, p<,001), respectively. The results clearly highlighted the importance of applying a supportive organizational culture to boost the teachers’ quality of work life in Cambodian high schools and inform Educational Policy and Strategic Planning Policymakers and school administration should integrate on organizational culture and quality of work life to design policies enhancing teacher satisfaction, retention, and performance.

Technostress Creators, Technostress Inhibitors, and Transformational Leadership among Academic Administrators: Evidence from Preah Sihamoniraja Buddhist University, Cambodia Sarom Mok; Bora Khath; Sothea Lim; Sereyrath Em; Darath Khim; Sokha Morn; Saravuth Um
Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jetlc.v4i1.2851

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to examine whether and to what extent Technostress Creators (TSC) and Technostress Inhibitors (TSI) predict the level of Transformational Leadership (TRL) among academic administrators at the Preah Sihamoniraja Buddhist University (PSBU) in Cambodia. Methodology: The study used a quantitative predictive correlational design with 123 PSBU academic administrators (e.g., rectors, deans, and department heads) selected through total population sampling. Data were collected using two instruments: the Technostress Creators and Inhibitors scale (TSC/TSI) and the Multiple-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X) for transformational leadership. The instruments were back-translated and validated for clarity and reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with computer-based methods. Main Findings: The findings revealed that techno-insecurity (T-INS) was the only statistically significant predictor, negatively associated with TRL. Other TSC and TSI variables were not statistically significant predictors. Overall, regression models for TSC and TSI did not significantly explain variation in TRL levels. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is significant at the theoretical and practical levels. Theoretically, this study broadens the understanding of technostress and transformational leadership style. Practically, this study can be used to examine how academic administrators in higher education perceive technostress and its effects.

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