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All Journal Berajah Journal International Journal of Business and Quality Research
Anharyanto
Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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PEMBUKTIAN UNSUR PERENCANAAN DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA REKONSTRUKSI TEORI DOLUS DAN TINDAK LANJUT IMPLEMENTASI KUHP BARU Ahiruddin; Siti Humulhaer; Anharyanto; Firmansyah Mahmud; Asri Cahyadi; Oke Wiredarme
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i1.152

Abstract

This study analyzes the problems of proving the element of premeditation (voorbedachte raad) in the crime of premeditated murder under Article 340 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and Article 459 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the New Criminal Code. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of the theory of intent (dolus) and criminal evidence. The focus of the study lies in the complexity of proving the three requirements of premeditation: (1) the formation of intent in a calm and reflective state, (2) the availability of sufficient time for deliberation, and (3) the execution of the act in a composed state. The research also examines the implications of the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the formulation and interpretation of premeditated murder. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that proving the element of premeditation presents significant epistemological challenges due to its subjective and internal nature. As a result, judges often encounter difficulties in determining whether an adequate “period of reflection” existed prior to the commission of the crime. The New Criminal Code retains the fundamental structure of premeditated murder but removes the phrase “intentionally” in the formulation of Article 459, implying that the element of premeditation inherently encompasses intent. This study recommends the development of an expanded theory of dolus informed by criminal neuroscience, as well as the broader use of electronic evidence to demonstrate the existence of premeditation. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of clear evidentiary guidelines within the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court to reduce inconsistencies and disparities in judicial decisions.
Legal Review of Consumer Protection of Electronic Transactions in Business Law Andriyani Susilawati; Pandri Zulfikar; Gatot Subroto; Supriadi; M. Ali Akbar; Anharyanto
International Journal of Business and Quality Research Vol. 4 No. 02 (2026): April-June, International Journal of Business and Quality Research (IJBQR)
Publisher : Citakonsultindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63922/ijbqr.v4i02.3499

Abstract

The rapid expansion of electronic transactions in Indonesia has fundamentally transformed digital commerce, yet existing consumer protection frameworks remain inadequately equipped to address emerging online risks. This study critically examines the adequacy of Indonesia’s regulatory architecture governing consumer rights in e-commerce, focusing on systemic gaps between traditional legislation and contemporary digital market dynamics. Employing a hybrid juridical-comparative methodology, the research integrates doctrinal analysis of primary legal instruments, comparative benchmarking against EU and US standards, and empirical case review of recent judicial and regulatory decisions. Findings reveal that while foundational regulations such as the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Government Regulation No. 80/2019 establish baseline protections, they suffer from critical structural deficiencies. Key impediments include ambiguous platform intermediary liability, fragmented oversight across multiple governmental agencies, the absence of a dedicated Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanism, and administrative sanctions that lack meaningful deterrent effect. Consequently, consumers remain vulnerable to data exploitation, fraudulent practices, and prolonged dispute resolution timelines. To bridge these regulatory gaps, this study recommends the enactment of a specialized digital commerce statute that explicitly defines platform responsibilities, extends withdrawal rights, and mandates algorithmic transparency. Furthermore, the establishment of a cross-institutional coordinating authority and a nationally integrated ODR platform is essential to streamline enforcement and align Indonesia’s consumer protection regime with international best practices. These reforms are crucial for fostering a secure, transparent, and sustainable digital economy.
Co-Authors Ahiruddin Andriyani Susilawati Asri Cahyadi Firmansyah Mahmud Gatot Subroto M. Ali Akbar Oke Wiredarme Pandri Zulfikar Siti Humulhaer Supriadi