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Journal : kinetik game technology information system computer network computing electronics and control

Accuracy Comparison of Multivariate Newton-Raphson, Newton-Kantorovich, and Levenberg–Marquardt Methods for Solving Nonlinear Systems Using Numerical Simulation Syaharuddin Syaharuddin; Hendi Hidayah; Vera Mandailina; Saba Mehmood; Wasim Raza
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control Vol. 11, No. 3, August 2026 (Article in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/kinetik.v11i3.2603

Abstract

Multivariable nonlinear equation systems often appear in engineering, physics, economics, and artificial intelligence modeling, but often do not have closed analytical solutions. Therefore, accurate, efficient, and stable numerical methods are needed. This study aims to comparatively evaluate three iterative methods, namely Multivariate Newton-Raphson, Newton-Kantorovich, and Levenberg–Marquardt, in solving identical high-complexity multivariable nonlinear systems. Simulations were performed using MATLAB with an error tolerance of 0.001 and a maximum iteration limit of 100. The test system consisted of a combination of trigonometric, exponential, and polynomial functions, resulting in nonlinear interactions that were challenging for each method. The simulation results show that Levenberg–Marquardt excelled with only 6 iterations and a final error of 3.246 × 10⁻¹⁰, indicating high stability and efficiency, followed by Multivariate Newton-Raphson with 13 iterations and an error of 4.606 × 10⁻⁹, while Newton-Kantorovich requires 27 iterations with an error of 5.770 × 10⁻⁷, reflecting slower semi-local corrections.Three-dimensional visualization shows the intersection point of the surface as a solution, providing an intuitive understanding of the iteration trajectory characteristics of each method. The novelty of this research lies in the integrated numerical simulation framework that allows direct quantitative comparison of the three methods on identical systems with the same initial conditions, tolerance, and iteration limits. These findings provide important empirical references for selecting efficient and stable iterative methods for multivariable nonlinear systems, as well as practical guidance for numerical applications in engineering, physics, and scientific computing.
A Comparative Study of Hybrid GARCH–HOLT–BPNN Models for Rainfall Forecasting Using a MATLAB-Based Intelligent Computing System Supardi Supardi; Syaharuddin Syaharuddin; Vera Mandailina; Saba Mehmood
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control Vol. 11, No. 3, August 2026 (Article in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/kinetik.v11i3.2636

Abstract

Rainfall forecasting is a fundamental aspect of water resource management, hydrometeorological disaster mitigation, and agricultural planning, all of which are strongly influenced by climate variability. The complexity of rainfall data, characterized by non-linear, non-stationary, and highly fluctuating patterns, necessitates the use of adaptive and accurate predictive approaches. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of five forecasting models, namely the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, Holt’s Exponential Smoothing, Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), the hybrid GARCH–Holt model, and the advanced hybrid GARCH–Holt–BPNN model, in order to identify the most effective method for monthly rainfall forecasting. Rainfall data for the period 2015–2024 were used for model training and testing. Model performance was evaluated using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). In addition, this study incorporates the development of a MATLAB-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) to facilitate interactive model implementation and visualization of forecasting results. The results indicate that the GARCH model excels in capturing data volatility, Holt’s Exponential Smoothing effectively follows short-term trends with stability, and BPNN is capable of modeling non-linear relationships despite its sensitivity to data variability. The hybrid GARCH–Holt model demonstrates improved accuracy compared to single models. Furthermore, the hybrid GARCH–Holt–BPNN model achieves the most optimal performance, with an accuracy approaching 99% and the lowest MAPE value of 1.13%, reflecting excellent generalization capability. These findings confirm that the integration of linear and non-linear methods within a hybrid framework significantly enhances rainfall forecasting accuracy and contributes to data-driven decision-making in the field of hydrometeorology.