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Unggul Budi
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Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Journal : Berajah Journal

 1 
SAFEGUARD MEASURES SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN INDUSTRI NASIONAL DI ERA LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN Opik Sepriadi; Annie Myranika; Salman Al Ghifari; Ridwan Rais; Unggul Budi
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v4i4.372

Abstract

International trade liberalization mandated by the World Trade Organization (WTO) requires its members to open domestic markets for goods and services from other countries. However, uncontrolled liberalization may negatively impact domestic industries, particularly when unforeseen import surges occur. In this context, safeguard measures become a crucial instrument enabling WTO member states to protect their national industries temporarily from the adverse effects of import surges. This study aims to analyze the legal framework of safeguard measures within the WTO system, their implementation in Indonesian national law, and their effectiveness as an instrument for protecting national industries in the era of trade liberalization. The research method employed is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that although Indonesia has regulated safeguard measures in Government Regulation Number 34 of 2011, there are substantial weaknesses, including the absence of comprehensive specific regulations, limited outreach to industrial actors, and inconsistencies of several provisions with the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. This study recommends the establishment of a specific Trade Remedies Law that systematically integrates safeguard, anti-dumping, and countervailing measures to provide optimal legal protection for Indonesian national industries.
POLITIK HUKUM DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENGAWASAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DI SEKTOR PUBLIK INDONESIA Opik Sepriadi; Mustofa Kamil; Salman Al Ghifari; Unggul Budi; Ridwan; Oke Wiredarme
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i2.432

Abstract

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have brought about significant transformations in modern governance, including in Indonesia. The use of AI in the public sector raises a range of complex legal challenges, ranging from the protection of personal data and algorithmic accountability to the transparency of automated decision-making. This paper analyses the legal policy regarding AI oversight in Indonesia’s public sector using an approach grounded in constitutional law and technology law. The research employs a normative legal research method with a conceptual and comparative legal approach. The findings indicate that the legal policy on AI oversight in Indonesia remains fragmented and reactive, dominated by a sectoral approach rather than a holistic one. This study recommends the need for a specific law on AI that integrates principles of algorithmic ethics, the protection of fundamental rights, and independent oversight mechanisms to ensure accountability in the use of AI within governance.
HUBUNGAN HUKUM KONTRAK ELEKTRONIK DENGAN KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI DIGITAL Opik Sepriadi; Pandri Zulfikar; Salman Al Ghifari; Unggul Budi; Ridwan
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i3.534

Abstract

The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the transformation of conventional transaction systems into electronic-based digital transactions. In modern business practices, electronic contracts have become the main legal instrument used in various digital trade activities, including e-commerce, financial technology, digital banking services, and cross-border transactions. However, the increasing use of electronic contracts also raises various legal issues related to digital transaction security, personal data protection, party authentication, validity of electronic evidence, and cybercrime risks. This study aims to analyze the legal relationship between electronic contracts and digital transaction security from the perspective of Indonesian positive law. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. Sources of legal materials were obtained from laws and regulations, legal doctrines, scientific journals, and relevant court decisions. The results show that electronic contracts have valid legal force as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of agreements as regulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Digital transaction security is an important element in ensuring legal certainty, consumer protection, and public trust in electronic systems. Therefore, strengthening regulations, improving cybersecurity systems, and harmonizing digital laws are necessary to create a secure, fair, and sustainable electronic transaction ecosystem.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DANA NASABAH DALAM EKOSISTEM DIGITAL WALLET HASIL INTEGRASI PERBANKAN DAN FINTECH DI INDONESIA Opik Sepriadi; Hasnah Aziz; Salman Al Ghifari; Unggul Budi; Ridwan
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i3.541

Abstract

The development of financial technology and digital transformation in the banking sector has led to the integration of digital wallet services as part of the modern payment system in Indonesia. This integration provides convenience, efficiency, and financial inclusion for society. However, the increasing use of digital wallets also raises various legal risks, particularly concerning customer fund protection, digital transaction security, personal data leakage, account misuse, and weak accountability mechanisms in the event of consumer losses. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of customer funds within the digital wallet ecosystem resulting from the integration of banking and fintech services in Indonesia, including an analysis of electronic contracts and digital transaction security based on Indonesian positive law. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that legal protection for customer funds has been regulated through various laws and regulations, including Consumer Protection Law, Electronic Information and Transactions Law, Personal Data Protection Law, as well as regulations issued by Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority. Nevertheless, these regulations still face challenges such as regulatory disharmony, weak supervision of fintech companies, and low digital literacy among the public. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, strengthened cybersecurity systems, enhanced regulatory supervision, and stronger accountability of digital financial service providers are necessary to ensure legal certainty and optimal protection for customer funds.
Co-Authors Annie Myranika Hasnah Aziz Mustofa Kamil Oke Wiredarme Opik Sepriadi Pandri Zulfikar Ridwan Ridwan Rais Salman Al Ghifari