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Legal Aspects of the High Court's Authority in Freezing the Minutes of the Advocacy Oath Pandri Zulfikar; Moro Asih, Mohammad
Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Human And Education (JAHE)
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jh.v5i2.2317

The authority of the High Court in freezing the Advocate Oath Minutes (BAS) is a complex legal aspect and has implications for the independence of the advocate profession and the judicial system in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the legal basis, authority, and limitations of the High Court in freezing the BAS of Advocates, as well as its impact on the rights of advocates and the national legal system. The research method used is a normative juridical approach by examining relevant laws and regulations, court decisions, and relevant legal doctrines. The results of the study show that the High Court's authority in freezing BAS Advocates still faces ambiguity in regulations, so it has the potential to cause legal uncertainty. In addition, the freezing of BAS can have an impact on limited access to justice and freedom of the advocate profession in carrying out their duties. Therefore, clearer and more consistent regulations are needed to avoid potential abuse of authority and ensure the principle of due process of law in the Indonesian legal system.

PENGARUH UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 40 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS TERHADAP TANGGUNG JAWAB DIREKSI DALAM PERUSAHAAN Tri Heriyanto; Dimas Prakasa; Wiwin Adi Saputra; Dwi Ikram Aprianto; Pandri Zulfikar
LAWYER: Jurnal Hukum Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): LAWYER: Jurnal Hukum, Maret 2026
Publisher : ASIAN PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58738/lawyer.v4i1.1436

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas) terhadap tanggung jawab direksi, dengan fokus pada dua rumusan masalah (1) bagaimana Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas mengubah dan memperkuat tanggung jawab direksi dibandingkan undang-undang sebelumnya, dan (2) apa faktor penghambat implementasi serta strategi penguatannya. Sebelum Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas, tanggung jawab direksi longgar dan menimbulkan banyak penyimpangan. Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas hadir untuk memberikan kepastian hukum dan mempertegas prinsip fidusia, kehati-hatian, serta akuntabilitas. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan studi kepustakaan, analisis perbandingan undang-undang, dan kajian putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas secara signifikan memperkuat tanggung jawab direksi melalui pengaturan business judgment rule (Pasal 92, 97), business judgment rule (Pasal 97 ayat 5), serta tanggung jawab pribadi dan tanggung renteng (Pasal 97 ayat 3-4, Pasal 104). Namun implementasinya dihambat oleh lemahnya penegakan hukum, interpretasi business judgment rule yang tumpang tindih, rendahnya kapasitas direksi UKM, tidak adanya perlindungan whistleblower, serta ketidakjelasan batas antara kesalahan bisnis dan kelalaian pidana. Strategi penguatan meliputi empat pilar: penguatan kepastian hukum melalui revisi terbatas Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas dan pedoman business judgment rule; peningkatan kapasitas direksi melalui sertifikasi; optimalisasi pengawasan internal dan eksternal; serta penegakan hukum yang konsisten dan proporsional. Kesimpulan menegaskan bahwa dengan penguatan implementasi, Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas dapat mewujudkan direksi yang profesional, bertanggung jawab, dan berorientasi pada kepentingan jangka panjang perusahaan.

Legal Review of Consumer Protection of Electronic Transactions in Business Law Andriyani Susilawati; Pandri Zulfikar; Gatot Subroto; Supriadi; M. Ali Akbar; Anharyanto
International Journal of Business and Quality Research Vol. 4 No. 02 (2026): International Journal of Business and Quality Research (IJBQR)
Publisher : Citakonsultindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63922/ijbqr.v4i02.3499

The rapid expansion of electronic transactions in Indonesia has fundamentally transformed digital commerce, yet existing consumer protection frameworks remain inadequately equipped to address emerging online risks. This study critically examines the adequacy of Indonesia’s regulatory architecture governing consumer rights in e-commerce, focusing on systemic gaps between traditional legislation and contemporary digital market dynamics. Employing a hybrid juridical-comparative methodology, the research integrates doctrinal analysis of primary legal instruments, comparative benchmarking against EU and US standards, and empirical case review of recent judicial and regulatory decisions. Findings reveal that while foundational regulations such as the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Government Regulation No. 80/2019 establish baseline protections, they suffer from critical structural deficiencies. Key impediments include ambiguous platform intermediary liability, fragmented oversight across multiple governmental agencies, the absence of a dedicated Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanism, and administrative sanctions that lack meaningful deterrent effect. Consequently, consumers remain vulnerable to data exploitation, fraudulent practices, and prolonged dispute resolution timelines. To bridge these regulatory gaps, this study recommends the enactment of a specialized digital commerce statute that explicitly defines platform responsibilities, extends withdrawal rights, and mandates algorithmic transparency. Furthermore, the establishment of a cross-institutional coordinating authority and a nationally integrated ODR platform is essential to streamline enforcement and align Indonesia’s consumer protection regime with international best practices. These reforms are crucial for fostering a secure, transparent, and sustainable digital economy.

HUBUNGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS DENGAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM DUNIA BISNIS Suparman; Pandri Zulfikar; Michel Jimmie Kawengian; Suheri; Iwan Liem
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 3 (2026): April
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i3.67801

Abstrak Good governance dalam dunia bisnis merupakan prinsip fundamental yang berorientasi pada terciptanya tata kelola perusahaan yang transparan, akuntabel, bertanggung jawab, independen, dan berkeadilan. Penerapan prinsip tersebut menjadi kebutuhan penting dalam menghadapi perkembangan dunia usaha modern yang semakin kompleks dan kompetitif. Dalam sistem hukum indonesia, undang-undang perseroan terbatas berperan sebagai instrumen hukum yang mengatur struktur, mekanisme, serta tanggung jawab organ perseroan guna mendukung pelaksanaan good governance dalam kegiatan bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara undang-undang perseroan terbatas dengan penerapan prinsip-prinsip good governance dalam dunia bisnis, serta mengkaji sejauh mana pengaturan dalam uu pt mampu menjadi landasan hukum bagi terciptanya tata kelola perusahaan yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa undang-undang perseroan terbatas secara substansial telah mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip good governance, terutama melalui pengaturan mengenai transparansi informasi perusahaan, akuntabilitas direksi dan dewan komisaris, tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, independensi organ perseroan, serta perlindungan hak pemegang saham dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Pengaturan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa uu pt memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan upaya mewujudkan tata kelola perusahaan yang sehat, profesional, dan berkelanjutan dalam dunia bisnis. Namun demikian, implementasi good governance dalam praktik masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti lemahnya pengawasan, konflik kepentingan, rendahnya kepatuhan hukum, dan budaya perusahaan yang belum sepenuhnya menjunjung prinsip tata kelola yang baik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan penegakan hukum, peningkatan efektivitas pengawasan perusahaan, serta internalisasi nilai-nilai good governance dalam budaya korporasi agar penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik dapat berjalan secara optimal dan memberikan kepastian hukum dalam dunia bisnis. Kata kunci: good governance; undang-undang perseroan terbatas; tata kelola perusahaan; hukum bisnis. Abstract Good governance in the business sector constitutes a fundamental principle aimed at creating corporate management that is transparent, accountable, responsible, independent, and fair. The implementation of these principles has become increasingly important in response to the growing complexity and competitiveness of the modern business environment. Within the indonesian legal system, the limited liability company law serves as the primary legal instrument governing corporate structure, mechanisms, and the responsibilities of corporate organs in supporting the implementation of good governance in business activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the limited liability company law and the implementation of good governance principles in the business world, as well as to examine the extent to which the provisions of the company law provide a legal foundation for the realization of sound corporate governance. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources analyzed through descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study indicate that the limited liability company law substantively accommodates the principles of good governance, particularly through regulations concerning corporate information transparency, accountability of directors and boards of commissioners, corporate social responsibility, independence of corporate organs, and protection of shareholders’ and stakeholders’ rights. These provisions demonstrate that the company law has a close relationship with efforts to establish healthy, professional, and sustainable corporate governance in the business sector. However, the implementation of good governance in practice still faces several challenges, including weak supervision, conflicts of interest, low legal compliance, and corporate cultures that do not fully uphold the principles of good governance. Therefore, strengthening law enforcement, improving the effectiveness of corporate supervision, and internalizing good governance values within corporate culture are necessary to ensure the optimal implementation of good corporate governance and to provide legal certainty in the business world. Keywords: good governance; limited liability company law; corporate governance; business law.

KAJIAN YURIDIS DAMPAK TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL TERHADAP KEPASTIAN HUKUM DALAM TRANSAKSI BISNIS Rahmat Wijaya; Pandri Zulfikar; Gunarto Wardono; Agus Alqodri; Raliyanto Budi Wikarno
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i2.439

The development of digital technology has brought about a fundamental transformation in the conduct of modern business transactions. The emergence of blockchain technology, smart contracts, electronic signatures and e-commerce platforms has changed the conventional paradigm of conducting transactions. However, this digital transformation poses significant challenges to legal certainty in business transactions, particularly in relation to legal validity, consumer protection, dispute resolution and jurisdiction. This study aims to analyse the impact of digital technology on legal certainty in business transactions from a legal perspective using a normative legal research method. The results of the study indicate that digital technology has a two-sided impact on legal certainty: on the one hand, it enhances the efficiency and transparency of transactions; on the other hand, it creates legal uncertainty due to regulations that have not yet been able to keep pace with technological developments. This study recommends the need to harmonise national regulations with international standards, as well as the establishment of a specific legal framework for digital transactions to ensure optimal legal certainty.

PENGARUH CYBER LAW TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM LAYANAN ONLINE Wisnu Cahyo Apriliyadi; Pandri Zulfikar; Muhammad Fajar Alfahimi; Aditya Putra Setyawan; Ahiruddin
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i2.451

The development of information and communication technology has transformed the paradigm of social and economic interaction through online services. However, the proliferation of cybercrime, personal data breaches, digital fraud, and illegal content has threatened public trust in the digital ecosystem. Cyber Law as a legal instrument governing cyberspace is expected to build and maintain public trust. This study analyzes the influence of Cyber Law on public trust in using online services through a normative juridical and empirical socio-legal approach. The results show that the effectiveness of Cyber Law in building trust depends on several factors: regulatory clarity, consistency of law enforcement, public legal awareness, and balance between protection and innovation. This study recommends regulatory harmonization, strengthening of cyber law enforcement institutions, and development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to increase public trust in online services.

KAJIAN YURIDIS DAMPAK TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL TERHADAP KEPASTIAN HUKUM DALAM TRANSAKSI BISNIS Rahmat Giling; Pandri Zulfikar; Mahmuddin; Dany Wahyu; Nursalim
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i2.463

The development of digital technology has brought about a fundamental transformation in the conduct of modern business transactions. The emergence of blockchain technology, smart contracts, electronic signatures and e-commerce platforms has changed the conventional paradigm of conducting transactions. However, this digital transformation poses significant challenges to legal certainty in business transactions, particularly in relation to legal validity, consumer protection, dispute resolution and jurisdiction. This study aims to analyse the impact of digital technology on legal certainty in business transactions from a legal perspective using a normative legal research method. The results of the study indicate that digital technology has a two-sided impact on legal certainty: on the one hand, it enhances the efficiency and transparency of transactions; on the other hand, it creates legal uncertainty due to regulations that have not yet been able to keep pace with technological developments. This study recommends the need to harmonise national regulations with international standards, as well as the establishment of a specific legal framework for digital transactions to ensure optimal legal certainty.

PENGARUH UU PT TERHADAP KEMITRAAN PERUSAHAAN DENGAN PEMERINTAH Naek Efendi; Pandri Zulfikar; Tugimin Harjotaruno; Asep Mulyana; Dadang Rachmat; Muhammad Ruhunussa
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i3.488

Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UU PT) which was amended by Law Number 6 of 2023 (UU PT 2023) provides a new legal framework for the operation of limited liability companies in Indonesia. This change has significant implications for partnerships between companies and government, both in the form of public-private partnerships (KPS), public-private partnership (PPP), and other partnership schemes. This study analyzes the influence of UU PT on partnerships between companies and government using a normative juridical approach and document study. The results show that UU PT 2023 provides greater structural flexibility, strengthening of corporate governance, and shareholder protection that impacts partnership dynamics. However, there are challenges related to harmonization with sectoral regulations, uncertainty in implementation, and governance complexity. This study recommends regulatory synchronization, strengthening of monitoring, and development of technical guidelines to optimize partnerships.

HUBUNGAN SENGKETA DALAM CV STABILITAS OPERASIONAL PERUSAHAAN Juhana Nuryana; Pandri Zulfikar; Rifqi Syifa’ul Qolbi; Muslimin; Hikmat Ansori; Dian Retno Widayati
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i3.492

Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) is a commercial partnership with unique characteristics involving the separation of roles between managing partners and limited partners. Disputes arising within CV, whether internal or external, significantly impact company operational stability. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between disputes in CV and company operational stability, and to evaluate effective dispute resolution mechanisms in maintaining business continuity. The research method used is normative legal research with conceptual and statutory approaches. The results indicate that internal disputes between managing partners and limited partners, typically stemming from unclear authority distribution under Article 20 of the Commercial Code, negatively affect financial stability, company reputation, and internal partner relationships. External disputes with third parties, particularly regarding breach of contract and industrial relations disputes, cause operational disruptions, decreased productivity, and financial losses. This study recommends strengthening Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, clarifying cooperation agreements, and implementing periodic audits as risk mitigation strategies for CV disputes.

HUBUNGAN HUKUM KONTRAK ELEKTRONIK DENGAN KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI DIGITAL Opik Sepriadi; Pandri Zulfikar; Salman Al Ghifari; Unggul Budi; Ridwan
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i3.534

The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the transformation of conventional transaction systems into electronic-based digital transactions. In modern business practices, electronic contracts have become the main legal instrument used in various digital trade activities, including e-commerce, financial technology, digital banking services, and cross-border transactions. However, the increasing use of electronic contracts also raises various legal issues related to digital transaction security, personal data protection, party authentication, validity of electronic evidence, and cybercrime risks. This study aims to analyze the legal relationship between electronic contracts and digital transaction security from the perspective of Indonesian positive law. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. Sources of legal materials were obtained from laws and regulations, legal doctrines, scientific journals, and relevant court decisions. The results show that electronic contracts have valid legal force as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of agreements as regulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Digital transaction security is an important element in ensuring legal certainty, consumer protection, and public trust in electronic systems. Therefore, strengthening regulations, improving cybersecurity systems, and harmonizing digital laws are necessary to create a secure, fair, and sustainable electronic transaction ecosystem.

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