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Understory Vegetation and Aerial Insect Diversity in The Fragmented Riparian Zones of The Glatik River, East Java Syarivah, Thoifatus; Prasetyo, Hamdani Dwi; Putri, Nabiilah Rifda Harmono; Lutfi, Afifi; Fauziah, Yusni Nur; Saresti, Navisyah Rahma; Mudhaffar, Adham Hammam
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.01.04

Abstract

Riparian forests, vegetation areas located along rivers and other water bodies, play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological integrity of a landscape. This study aimed to examine vegetation and insect diversity and analyze soil and water conditions in the Toyomarto, Candirenggo, and Ardimulyo riparian forest areas. An experimental method was used, establishing 16 plots at 8 stations in the designated area. The results showed 14 species of riparian vegetation, dominated by species such as Oryza sativa, Synedrella nodiflora, and Phyllanthus urinaria, with diversity levels varying from moderate to low. The aerial insect community consisted of 20 species with 39 individuals, with the highest diversity at stations with more complex vegetation structures. Stations with low vegetation showed the dominance of one insect species, indicating severe habitat degradation. Abiotic factors such as pH, temperature, and humidity influenced insect activity but played a secondary role compared to vegetation structure. This study demonstrated that habitat fragmentation can lead to ecological imbalance, decreased biodiversity, and disrupted ecosystem function.
Antibacterial Innovation of Iron Nanoparticles from Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum L.): an In Vitro Study Ma'rifah, Shofia Jannatul; Azizah, Nur; Jamilah, Zahrotul; Syarivah, Thoifatus; Putri, Nabiilah Rifda Harmono; Ramadhan, Majida; Jayanti, Gatra Ervi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.245-252

Abstract

Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) were synthesized from pomegranate peel extract using ethanol as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized Fe-NPs against pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) was assessed using the well diffusion method. The morphology, structure, size, and atomic distribution on the surface of Fe-NPs were characterized using SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Different pH conditions (5, 7, and 9) were investigated as experimental factors for Fe-NPs preparation. The results revealed mostly irregular spherical shapes with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 89 nm, with the smallest size observed at pH 9. UV-Vis spectra confirmed the formation of Fe-NPs, appearing in the UV region around 230-295 nm. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds from the pomegranate peel extract, which facilitated Fe-NPs stabilization and acted as bioreductants. Upon reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(0), oxidation of O-H and C-O functional groups occurred. The diameters of inhibition zones against the tested bacteria were 16 mm at pH 5, 13 mm at pH 7, and 15 mm at pH 9, indicating strong antibacterial activity.