Protist concepts pose significant challenges for students due to their abstract nature and the complexity of microscopic structures. This study evaluates the validity, practicality, and acceptance of the Augmented Reality-Based Protist Application (AR-BPA), designed to enhance students' understanding of protists through immersive, 3D visualization. Following the development model by Lee & Owens (2004), this research focuses on the development stage, involving validity tests, preliminary implementation, and practicality assessments. Data were gathered from 3 experts, 32 students, and 2 lecturers through questionnaires and interviews, revealing high levels of usability and practicality for AR-BPA. The findings indicate that AR-BPA effectively supports student learning by making abstract concepts more accessible. Nonetheless, improvements in content scope and interface design are suggested to further optimize user experience. The study highlights AR-BPA’s potential to revolutionize protist education, with implications for broader applications in biology learning. Future research should explore scalability and additional factors to fully realize AR-BPA’s educational impact.
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