This study aims to analyze the suitability between the cognitive developmental stages of Early Childhood Education (ECE) and Primary School students with the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL). The research objective is to examine how PBL effectively develops critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and the mastery of basic concepts. The research method employed is a qualitative descriptive literature review, synthesizing findings from relevant studies published between 2020-2025. The results indicate a high alignment between PBL and both the pre-operational (ECE) and concrete operational (Primary) stages. For ECE, the hands-on nature of projects enhances symbolic ability and simple problem-solving. For Primary students, the structured inquiry and application of concepts in real contexts significantly develop logical reasoning and analytical skills. The conclusion suggests that PBL is a developmentally appropriate pedagogical strategy to stimulate higher-order cognitive abilities, transforming students into active knowledge constructors.
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