<![CDATA[Algebra is a fundamental element in developing abstract thinking abilities and problem-solving skills. However, for many secondary school students, it becomes one of the most challenging areas of mathematics learning. This article seeks to investigate the main factors contributing to students’ low mastery of algebraic concepts while also offering relevant pedagogical approaches. Based on a review of various literature sources, it is identified that difficulties in learning algebra arise from a combination of factors, both internal such as weak prerequisite knowledge and low learning motivation and external such as unvaried teaching strategies and limited use of visual media. To address these issues, this article proposes a Technology-Supported Collaborative Learning model as an alternative solution. The integration of social interaction within group collaboration and technology-based visualization is believed to strengthen conceptual understanding, enhance student engagement, and reduce anxiety in learning mathematics.]]>
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