JURNAL TARBIYAH
Vol 32, No 2 (2025)

STATE OF THE ART REVIEW: PJBL, DEEP LEARNING, AND CRITICAL THINKING: A CAUSALITY MODEL FOR 21ST CENTURY COMPETENCIES

Marwiyah Nst, Masringgit (Politeknik Adiguna Maritim Indonesia Medan)
Festiyed, Festiyed (Universitas Negeri Padang)
Yerimadesi, Yerimadesi (Universitas Negeri Padang)



Article Info

Publish Date
02 Jan 2026

Abstract

This research focuses on the urgency of improving students' critical thinking skills, recognized as a crucial competency for facing 21st-century challenges. To address this challenge, the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model has been identified as a strategic and effective pedagogical approach for fostering higher-order cognitive abilities. Previous literature has confirmed the positive contribution of PjBL to learning outcomes, but there is a significant research gap regarding the exploration of the internal mechanisms underlying this success, namely Deep Learning. Deep Learning, which involves comprehensive understanding of meaning rather than mere memorization, is a crucial prerequisite for the authentic and transferable development of students' critical thinking skills. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to empirically test and analyze the effect of the PjBL model on improving students' critical thinking skills in relation to the quality of the Deep Learning it facilitates. Using a quasi-experimental method, the results of this study are expected to provide clear theoretical and practical contributions, demonstrating that the effectiveness of PjBL in improving critical thinking skills stems from its ability to encourage students to engage in deeper knowledge processing.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

tarbiyah

Publisher

Subject

Religion Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

Description

Tarbiyah Journal published by Tarbiyah Science and Teacher Training Faculty, State Islamic University of North Sumatera Medan, Medan City, North Sumatera Province,Indonesia Tarbiyah Journal is published since 1993 for Vol.1, No.1 and have gotten ISSN on May 29, 2007. This journal focuses on ...