<![CDATA[Abstract: The reconstruction of Indonesian legal theory, which is dominated by positivism and legal formalism, creates a gap between legal certainty and substantive justice. This dominance ignores the moral and social dynamics of society and presents the law as a tool for legitimizing power. This study uses doctrinal law research methods to analyze the synthesis of rationalism, empiricism, and pragmatism within the framework of national legal theory. The findings show that rationalism provides a structural foundation through Joseph Raz’s conception of legal authority; empiricism catalyzes harmony among Indigenous law, Islam, and the West, grounded in social realities; and pragmatism encourages flexible reforms, such as the Omnibus Law, but risks reducing democratic principles in Indonesia. New Legal Realism (NLR) is proposed as an integrative framework that combines normative, empirical, and realist analysis to produce responsive legal findings. This paper is expected to contribute to the development of dynamic legal theory through a double movement: the extraction of the universal meaning of norms, accompanied by empirical contextualization, and the emphasis on the need for interdisciplinary legal education reform and the strengthening of democratic institutions.]]>
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