<![CDATA[The integration of digital technology into mathematics classrooms remains inconsistent despite the development of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. This study investigates the persistent "know–do gap" by proposing a conceptual framework consisting of intended, enacted, and reflected TPACK. A qualitative multiple-case study was conducted with four secondary mathematics teachers in East Java, Indonesia. Data were triangulated from lesson plans, dual-camera classroom observations, and video-stimulated recall (VSR) interviews. Findings reveal a significant discrepancy: while teachers designed sophisticated technology-rich lessons, 65% of planned activities were shortened or abandoned during enactment. This regression to traditional instruction was primarily driven by excessive dual cognitive load and real-time classroom management pressures. VSR successfully uncovered teachers’ tacit reasoning, serving as a cognitive trigger for reflective improvement. The study concludes that TPACK is a situated and dynamic competence rather than a static body of knowledge. Implications suggest that professional development should move beyond technical training toward structured video-reflection cycles to develop teachers' adaptive orchestration and real-time decision-making skills.]]>
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