Mengukur elemen pendidikan: Validasi konstruk praktik mengajar dan lingkungan belajar berbasis EFA

Mila Adhisty (Universitas Negeri Malang)
Yogi Dwi Satrio (Universitas Negeri Malang)

Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE)
Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026)

The effectiveness of the learning process is determined not only by teachers' pedagogical and technological competence, but also by the quality of the learning environment. Therefore, a measurement instrument with established validity and reliability is required. This study aims to examine the construct validity and reliability of the TPACK and WIHIC instruments as representations of teaching practice and learning environment among 100 economics education students in East Java. Data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with Varimax rotation. Results show that all sub-constructs demonstrated adequate sampling adequacy and reliability, with a single factor extracted for each construct. Two WIHIC items were removed due to loadings below the cutoff. The instruments are proven valid and reliable for measuring educational elements among economics education students.