<![CDATA[Background: Batik workers are at risk of pain due to prolonged work, aging, and repetitive postures. However, evidence on the combined effects of age, work duration, and work-related factors remains limited.Objective: This research aimed to examine the relationship between age, work duration, and other work-related factors with the risk of pain among batik workers.Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytic study was conducted among 200 batik workers in Surakarta. Pain complaints were the dependent variable, while age and working duration were independent variables. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and reported as ORs, 95% CIs, and Nagelkerke R².Results: Workers aged ≥40 years had a 5.31-fold higher risk of pain than those aged <40 years (OR=5.31; 95% CI: 1.99–14.13; p<0.001). Workers working ≥5 hours/day had a 4.11-fold higher risk than those working <5 hours/day (OR=4.11; 95% CI: 1.74–9.68; p<0.001). The final model explained 30.3% of the variance in pain risk (Nagelkerke R²=30.3%).Conclusion: Age and working duration were significant predictors of pain among batik workers, supporting ergonomic interventions and occupational health strategies to reduce pain risk and improve worker health.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
