<![CDATA[Teacher performance is an important determinant of educational quality, while effective leadership is essential for creating an environment that encourages teachers to perform beyond routine expectations. This study aims to examine the effect of Transformational Leadership on Teacher Performance and investigate the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in madrasahs. The study employed a quantitative explanatory approach involving 78 teachers. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that Transformational Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (β = 0.292; t = 2.663; p = 0.009). Transformational Leadership also has a very strong and significant direct effect on Teacher Performance (β = 0.905; t = 26.460; p < 0.001). However, Organizational Citizenship Behavior does not significantly affect Teacher Performance (β = 0.010; t = 0.328; p = 0.744). Consequently, OCB does not significantly mediate the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Teacher Performance, with an estimated indirect effect of approximately β = 0.003. The findings indicate that transformational leadership influences teacher performance primarily through a direct pathway rather than through OCB. The study contributes to Islamic educational management by emphasizing the importance of inspirational, supportive, and intellectually stimulating leadership in strengthening teacher performance in madrasahs.]]>
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