Digital transformation has become increasingly important for madrasahs in improving organizational processes and responding to changes in the educational environment. This study aims to examine the effect of Digital Transformation on Organizational Effectiveness and to investigate the mediating role of Digital Leadership in madrasahs. A quantitative explanatory design was employed involving 80 respondents from madrasahs. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that Digital Transformation has a positive and significant effect on Digital Leadership (β = 0.292; t = 2.663; p = 0.009) and a very strong positive effect on Organizational Effectiveness (β = 0.951; t = 26.460; p < 0.001). The model explains 91.1% of the variance in Organizational Effectiveness (R² = 0.911). However, Digital Leadership does not have a significant direct effect on Organizational Effectiveness (β = 0.012; t = 0.328; p = 0.744), and its mediating effect is not supported (indirect β = 0.003). These findings indicate that the contribution of digital transformation to madrasah effectiveness occurs predominantly through a direct pathway rather than through digital leadership as a mediator. The study contributes to Islamic educational management by emphasizing digital transformation as an important organizational capability for strengthening institutional effectiveness while demonstrating that leadership mechanisms require additional organizational conditions to generate measurable outcomes.
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