<![CDATA[Hardfacing is considered to be an optimum, lightweight method to improve the strength of electrical vehicle chassis to be used in many places with variable road conditions in Indonesia, especially around the New National Capital (IKN) area. In this study, carbon steel (ASTM A36) plates were strengthened by spot hardfacing using an ER70S-6 electrode. Variables used in this study are weld dwelling time (4, 7, and 10 seconds with a constant distance of 30 mm) and spot distance (20, 30, and 40 mm with a 7 second dwelling time). From this study, the increase of dwelling time and the decrease of the spot distance enhanced the toughness of the specimens. Further observations discovered that both dwelling time increase and spot distance decrease correlated to the increase of the average grain size of the phases present in the specimens. The optimum variations observed in this research are 10 seconds dwelling time of 1,321-1,508 J/mm2 and 20 mm of spot distance of 1,312-1,456 J/mm2.]]>
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