Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)

Aktivitas antijamur hidrogel dari kitosancangkang kerang simping (Amusium Pleuronectes) terhadap Malassezia Furfur

Revi Mariska Ritonga (Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.)
Ridwanto Ridwanto (Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.)
Haris Munandar Nasution (Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.)
Rafita Yuniarti (Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.)



Article Info

Publish Date
18 Sep 2026

Abstract

Amusium pleuronectes shell waste was investigated as a source of chitosan for a topical hydrogel with activity against Malassezia furfur. Chitosan was isolated by deproteinization, demineralization, depigmentation, and alkaline deacetylation, characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and incorporated into hydrogels at nominal concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, with a chitosan-free base as control. Physical properties were assessed over 21 days, and antifungal activity was evaluated by agar-well diffusion. The recovered material represented 24.30% of the initial shell mass, and its estimated degree of deacetylation was approximately 77%. All formulations retained their appearance without visible phase separation. Across formulations and observation times, pH ranged from 4.55 to 6.09, spread diameter from 5.1 to 5.8 cm, adhesion from 1.11 to 1.61 s, and apparent viscosity from 31,310 to 38,180 cP; pH, adhesion, and viscosity declined during storage. Mean inhibition zones were 11.57 ± 0.21, 13.33 ± 0.15, and 15.00 ± 0.10 mm for the 2%, 4%, and 6% formulations, respectively (three readings each). The base produced no inhibition halo, whereas the reported ketoconazole comparator value was 21.3 mm. The 6% formulation showed the greatest in vitro inhibition among the chitosan hydrogels, while the changes in physical properties indicate a need for further formulation optimization.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jps

Publisher

Subject

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

Description

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, ...