<![CDATA[Wind and wave conditions in the Makassar Strait vary strongly with the monsoon and the strait’s geography. This study characterizes the spatial and interannual variability of seasonal relative exposure and evaluates the consistency between ERA5 wind-speed-based and CMEMS significant-wave-height-based indices for 2020–2024. Seasonal climatologies for December–February (DJF), March–May (MAM), June–August (JJA), and September–November (SON) used five equally weighted seasonal years. Each index was normalized to 0–1 with a min–max reference shared across seasons within its dataset and classified into four exposure zones. A higher index indicates stronger wind forcing or higher waves than elsewhere in the domain and period, not coastal hazard or vulnerability. Interannual variability used the mean, standard deviation, and Friedman test; spatial consistency, Pearson and Spearman correlations, MAE, RMSE, class agreement, and Cohen’s kappa. JJA had the highest mean exposure index (ERA5 0.439; CMEMS 0.410), followed by DJF, SON, and MAM, with the highest wind speed (3.758 ± 0.333 m/s) and significant wave height (0.441 ± 0.057 m). Friedman tests indicated seasonal differences in ERA5 wind speed (p = 0.0036), CMEMS significant wave height (p = 0.0056), and Tm−10 (p = 0.0136). The moderate-exposure zone dominated all seasons in both datasets, with higher relative exposure in the southern domain. Spatial correlations between the indices were 0.799–0.909 and class agreement 61.70–78.57%. Agreement is therefore stronger for spatial pattern than for zone classification and varies seasonally: a wind-based proxy can map relative exposure patterns but not assign classes.]]>
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