<![CDATA[Aphasia is an acquired language disorder caused by damage to brain areas responsible for language, most commonly following stroke or traumatic brain injury. This article aims to examine language production and comprehension impairments in people with aphasia from a neurolinguistic perspective, focusing on the relationship between brain mechanisms and linguistic performance. This qualitative narrative review purposively examines journal articles and supporting academic sources in English, Arabic, and Indonesian, focusing on acquired aphasia, production and comprehension deficits, and their neural correlates. Sources are selected for thematic relevance, traceable authorship, and identifiable findings; thematic synthesis compares linguistic domains, evidence types, and limitations. The analysis shows that aphasia cannot be understood merely as a speech disorder, because it may affect multiple language modalities, including speaking, listening comprehension, reading, and writing. Language production deficits are closely related to disturbances in lexical retrieval, phonological encoding, syntactic planning, fluency, and connected speech organization, while comprehension deficits involve disruption in semantic processing, syntactic interpretation, and auditory-verbal integration. Recent neurolinguistic studies indicate that aphasic symptoms reflect the interaction between lesion location, white matter connectivity, residual left-hemisphere networks, and compensatory neural reorganization. The contribution is an integrative synthesis linking linguistic deficits to network evidence while distinguishing established findings from hypotheses requiring validation in Arabic-speaking populations]]>
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