Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): Agricultural History

The Progressive Transformation of Muhammadiyah Education from Arnold Toynbee’s Historiographical Perspective

Mohamad Ali (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Harun Joko Prayitno (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria (Universiti Brunei Darussalam)
Miftachul Huda (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris)
Sonny Zulhuda (International Islamic University Malaysia)



Article Info

Publish Date
24 Oct 2026

Abstract

Abstract: This article examines the progressive transformation of Muhammadiyah education from Arnold Toynbee’s historiographical perspective. Employing historical methods and a sociological approach, this study traces how Muhammadiyah has evolved over a century as a dynamic educational force within Indonesian society. The findings reveal three main discoveries. First, Muhammadiyah’s organic-interactive organizational structure functions as a vessel for the creative minority in sustaining and transforming its Muhammadiyah Social Enterprise. Second, the transformation of Muhammadiyah’s educational thought unfolds through three distinctive phases: the formative period (responding to colonialism), the development period (consolidating institutional identity), and the maturation period (pursuing second-century philosophical renewal). Third, from the perspective of modern education theory, Muhammadiyah’s progressive character demonstrates commitment to social problem-solving and continuous personal growth. This historical transformation reveals that Muhammadiyah education is not a static institution but rather a dynamic entity that continuously adapts through cultural ijtihad to maintain civilizational vitality. Muhammadiyah’s enduring relevance lies in its capacity to transform contemporary challenges into opportunities for adaptive and inclusive educational innovation in Indonesia. Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji transformasi progresif pendidikan Muhammadiyah dari perspektif historiografi Arnold Toynbee. Dengan menggunakan metode historis dan pendekatan sosiologis, studi ini menelusuri bagaimana Muhammadiyah berevolusi selama seabad sebagai kekuatan pendidikan yang dinamis dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Temuan-temuan tersebut mengungkapkan tiga penemuan utama. Pertama, struktur organisasi organik-interaktif Muhammadiyah berfungsi sebagai wadah bagi minoritas kreatif dalam mempertahankan dan mentransformasikan amal usaha Muhammadiyah (AUM). Kedua, transformasi pemikiran pendidikan Muhammadiyah terungkap melalui tiga fase yang berbeda: periode formatif (menanggapi kolonialisme), periode pengembangan (memperkuat identitas institusional), dan periode pematangan (merumuskan pembaharuan filsafat pendidikan pada abad kedua). Ketiga, dari perspektif teori pendidikan modern, karakter progresif Muhammadiyah menunjukkan komitmen terhadap pemecahan masalah sosial dan pertumbuhan pribadi yang berkelanjutan. Transformasi ini mengungkap bahwa pendidikan Muhammadiyah bukanlah lembaga statis, melainkan entitas dinamis yang terus beradaptasi melalui ijtihad budaya untuk mempertahankan vitalitas peradaban. Relevansi Muhammadiyah yang abadi terletak pada kemampuannya mengubah tantangan kontemporer menjadi peluang bagi inovasi pendidikan yang adaptif dan inklusif di Indonesia.  

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

paramita

Publisher

Subject

Social Sciences

Description

Historiography; Philosophy of history; History of education (education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past); History education (curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history ...