<![CDATA[Instruments developed in Western contexts may not adequately capture the aspects of school well-being that are relevant to students in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). This study aimed to modify the School Well-Being Scale, based on a four-dimensional model (Having, Loving, Being, and Health), for pesantren students and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The participants were 304 Madrasah Aliyah students from Islamic boarding schools, selected through convenience sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Results demonstrated significant factor loadings across all 40 indicators (ranging from 0.475–1.523; p < .001) and a measurement model meeting the recommended goodness-of-fit criteria (CFI = 0.945; TLI = 0.941; RMSEA = 0.072; GFI = 0.976), although the SRMR (0.090) exceeded the 0.08 criterion. Reliability was good to very good (Cronbach’s α = 0.824–0.934; McDonald’s ω = 0.821–0.962). Convergent validity was supported for Having (AVE = 0.625) and Loving (AVE = 0.605) but not fully for Being (AVE = 0.470) and Health (AVE = 0.464). Discriminant validity was only partly supported (HTMT = 0.460–0.894), with substantial overlap between Having and Loving. Overall, the modified scale shows acceptable but incomplete psychometric evidence and may serve as a research instrument and for preliminary institutional evaluation of school well-being in pesantren. Further validation, including cross-validation, measurement invariance, and refinement of the Being and Health items, is needed before it is used for decisions about individual students or for evaluating interventions. Keywords: School Well-Being, Islamic Boarding School, Scale Modification.]]>
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