In order to close the knowledge gap between conventional theory, field practice, and the dynamics of contemporary industrial area growth, this research is extremely important. A budget of Rp 17,638,200,000.00 is needed for the construction and periodic maintenance of asphalt road pavement over a 20-year period, and Rp 52,225,100,000.00 is needed for asphalt road pavement over a 40-year period. A budget of Rp 9,063,000,000.00 is needed for the construction and annual maintenance of a 20-year UR concrete road pavement, while Rp 15,031,400,000.00 is needed for a 40-year UR concrete road pavement.
Copyrights © 2026