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JOURNAL OF EARTH ENERGY ENGINEERING

JEEE
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Published by Universitas Islam Riau

ISSN : - EISSN : 25409352 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Journal of Earth Energy Engineering (eISSN 2540-9352) is a Bi-annual, open access, multi-disciplinary journal in earth science, energy, and engineering research issued by Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau. The journal is peer reviewed by experts in the scientific and engineering areas and also index in Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI) and CrossRef Member.

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Articles 186 Documents

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Laboratory Analysis Using Coconut Shell from Bekasi Regency for Drilling Mud Additives on Oil and Gas Wells Hernowo Widodo; Mohammad Riyadi Setyarto; Andhy Andhy; Mohamad Prastya; Amaliah Annisa
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jeee.2020.3975

Drilling activity in deep formation usually gave greater challenges to the engineer due to its high pressure and temperature. To minimize this problem, drilling mud needs to be modified into a certain condition where it should be performed well in those extreme situations. The drilling mud quality does not significantly decrease, it simply requires better quality of mud at certain points at high temperatures. Certain additives are needed to maintain their performance. Therefore, this study aims to improve the quality of drilling mud by adding additives from carbon powder originating from coconut shells. Coconut shells are burned and processed until they become nanometer-sized, then used as additives in drilling mud. Then, several analyses such as XRD, SEM, as well as the rheology of drilling mud are evaluated. XRD analysis result shows the element from the coconut shell powder was graphite. Laboratory analysis results indicate that drilling mud with coconut shell powder provides better rheological value compared to the same drilling mud without the additives. It was observed that the mud with coconut shell powder performed better at high pressure.

The Development of Non-Conventional Oil and Gas in Indonesia: Case Study on Hydrocarbon Shale Wiwiek Jumiati; David Maurich; Andi Wibowo; Indra Nurdiana
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Oil and gas fuel from unconventional types of reservoirs was the development of alternative sources in addition to oil and gas fuels from conventional type reservoirs that can be obtained to meet domestic needs. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has developed rapidly outside Indonesia, such as in North America and Canada. One type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir was obtained from shale rock reservoirs. Hydrocarbon shale produced from shale formations, both source from rock and reservoir. This unconventional hydrocarbon has a big potential to be utilized. In this study, an analysis of the development of unconventional oil and gas from Shale Hydrocarbons carried out in Indonesia. This research included the distribution of shale reservoir basins, the number of unconventional shale reservoir resources, factors affecting the development of unconventional oil and gas in shale reservoirs in Indonesia, efforts made by the government to promote exploration activities, exploitation of shale reservoirs in Indonesia, and existing regulations for non-conventional oil and gas. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoir shale needed to be developed immediately and will attract investors to meet domestic needs for renewable energy needs. From the geological data obtained, there were 6 basins and 11 formations that analyzed for commercialization. Tanjung and Batu Kelau Formation was a prospect formation from 4 desired data categories. In terms of regulation, it still needed improvement to increase the interest of upstream oil and gas entrepreneurs in the unconventional oil and gas shale reservoir. Research in the field of unconventional oil and gas exploitation technology for hydrocarbon shale needed to be improved.

Design Optimization and Application of Hybrid Bit to Reduce a Well Cost in Geothermal Field Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin; Fakhri Ade Andika; Ratnayu Sitaresmi
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Hybrid bit is one of the innovations developed for very hard and abrasive formations such as in geothermal field. This bit eliminates the risk of losing cones, reduces tripping time, and increaseas ROP to reduce the well cost. The stage of data processing by calculating the UCS formation using D-BOS software and design optimization based on 9-7/8" bits simulations in granodiorite formations. The 1st phase was to determine the 4 best out of 7 hybrid bit designs that were selected from the highest ROP obtained, the most stable cutter cutting force, and the lowest vibration by comparing the results of FEA modeling of 1 ft drilling simulation. The 2nd phase is to choose 1 of the best from the 4 selected by doing 50 ft of drilling dynamics simulation which is assessed by directional capability, the durability, and the lowest MSE. In this study to improve drilling optimization in geothermal field, it was found that the Z616 hybrid bit design was the most optimal one. Based on 1st phase simulation, this bit was able to produce ROP of 6.38 mph, a stable cutter cutting force, very low average lateral 2.109 g and axial vibration 0.329 g. Furthermore, for the 2nd phase simulation of 50 ft, seen from the comparison of directional capability, this bit has a 0.91 deg/100 ft DLS in rotating mode, and 6.5 deg/100ft DLS in sliding mode means quite stable when drilling in rotary mode and easy to make some angle in slide mode. By its durability, the average value of lateral acceleration is 10 g, and the lateral force is 6 klbf. By MSE side, this bit also produces the lowest average MSE value of 769 psi. From the economic view, this bit can save USD 198,625 - USD 564,712 of a well cost.

Economic Evaluation of Fiscal Regime on EOR Implementation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Low Salinity Water Injection on Field X Adityawarman Adityawarman; Faridh Afdhal Aziz; Prasandi Abdul Aziz; Purnomo Yusgiantoro; Steven Chandra
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

There are currently two fiscal regimes designated for resource allocation in Indonesia’s upstream oil and gas industry, the Production Sharing Contract Cost Recovery (PSC) and Gross Split. The Gross Split in the form of additional percentage split is designed to encourage contractors to implement Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in mature fields. Low Salinity Water Injection (LSWI) is an emerging EOR technique in which the salinity of the injected water is controlled. It has been proven to be relatively cheaper and has simpler implementations than other EOR options in several countries. This study evaluates the LSWI project’s economy using PSC and Gross Split and then to be compared to conventional waterflooding (WF) project’s economy. There are four cases on Field X that are simulated using a commercial simulator for 5 years. The cases are evaluated under PSC and Gross Split to calculate the project’s economy. The economic indicators that will be evaluated are the Net Present Value (NPV) and sensitivity analysis is also conducted to observe the change of NPV. The parameters for sensitivity analysis are Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operating Expenditure (OPEX), Oil Production, and Oil Price. It is found that LSWI implementation using Gross Split is more profitable than PSC. The parameters that affects NPV the most in all PSC cases are the oil production and oil price. On the other hand, in Gross Split cases, the oil production is the parameter that affects NPV the most, followed by oil price. The novelty of this study is in the comparison of project’s economy between WF and LSWI using two different fiscal regimes to see whether Gross Split is more profitable than PSC on EOR implementation, specifically the LSWI at Field X.

The Investigation of Silica Nanoparticles-CO2 Foam Stability for Enhancing Oil Recovery Purpose David Maurich
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas injection is one of the most successful Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. But the main problem that occurs in immiscible CO2 injection is the poor volumetric sweep efficiency which causes large quantities of the oil to be retained in pore spaces of reservoir. Although this problem can be improved through the injection of surfactant with CO2 gas where the surfactant will stabilize CO2 foam, this method still has some weaknesses due to foam size issue, surfactants compatibility problems with rocks and reservoir fluids and are less effective at high brine salinity and reservoir temperature such as typical oil reservoirs in Indonesia. This research aims to examine the stability of the foams/emulsions, compatibility and phase behavior of suspensions generated by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on various salinity of formation water as well as to determine its effect on the mobility ratio parameter, which correlate indirectly with macroscopic sweep efficiency and oil recovery factor. This research utilizes density, static foam, and viscosity test which was carried out on various concentrations of silica nanoparticles, brine salinity and phase volume ratio to obtain a stable foam/emulsion design. The results showed that silica nanoparticles can increase the viscosity of displacing fluid by generating emulsions or foams so that it can reduce the mobility ratio toward favorable mobility, while the level of stability of the emulsion or foam of the silica nanoparticles suspension is strongly influenced by concentration, salinity and phase volume ratio. The high resistance factor of the emulsions/foams generated by silica nanoparticles will promote better potential of these particles in producing more oil.

The Prospect of Electrical Enhanced Oil Recovery for Heavy Oil: A Review Muhammad Khairul Afdhol; Tomi Erfando; Fiki Hidayat; Muhammad Yudatama Hasibuan; Shania Regina
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): OCTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

This paper presents a review of electrical heating for the recovery of heavy oil which the work adopts methods used in the past and the prospects for crude oil recovery in the future. Heavy oil is one of the crude oils with API more than 22 which has the potential to overcome the current light oil crisis. However, high viscosity and density are challenges in heavy oil recovery. The method is often used to overcome these challenges by using thermal injection methods, but this method results in economic and environmental issues. The electrical heating method could be a solution to replace conventional thermal methods in which the methodology of electrical heating is to transfer heat into the reservoir due to increasing oil mobility. Because the temperature rises, it could help to reduce oil viscosity, then heavy oil will flow easily. The applications of electrical heating have been adopted in this paper where the prospects of electrical heating are carried out to be useful as guidelines of electrical heating. The challenge of electrical heating is the excessive heat will damage the formation that must be addressed in the prospect of electrical heating which must meet energy efficiency. The use of Artificial intelligence becomes a new technology to overcome problems that are often found in conventional thermal methods where this method could avoid steam breakthrough and excessive heat. Therefore, it becomes more efficient and could reduce costs.

Application of Pineapple Skin Waste as a Source of Biosolvent for Use as Wax Inhibitor Muhammad Khairul Afdhol; Tomi Erfando; Fiki Hidayat; Rosdanelli Hasibuan; Muhammad Yudatama Hasibuan; Chalidah Pratiwi Siregar
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): OCTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jeee.2020.3922

Wax paraffin deposition is a problem faced in the pipeline for petroleum industries that they blockage the partial or full inside the pipe, which will decrease the production rate. One of the treatments is to use the preventive methods called wax inhibitors which are expected to inhibit the crystallization of paraffin wax, and bio-solvent is included. Hydrolysis and fermentation technique are used to produced bio-solvent. Hydrolysis aims to break lignin and hemicellulose, damage the crystal structure, and increase the porosity of the material. At the same time, the occurrence of pentose changes and some glucose into ethanol is present in the fermentation process. Then, purified by the distillation process to obtain bio solvent products that are applied with waxy crude oil can reduce the pour point value of crude oil. From the hydrolysis process with five variations of acid percentage, the amount of reducing sugars increase. By increasing temperature from 50 ° C to 100 ° C, the reducing sugars continues to increase until it reaches the optimal point of 18.2 ° Brix. The amount of inoculant also affects the level of bio-solvent where the optimum results using inoculants are 0.015 g/mL, which produces 6% levels of bioethanol. The high ethanol content of 2% had a density value of 0.979 g/mL. The best °API at 5% is 13.901, and the average value is about 13.0945, where the best viscosity values for ethanol content of 6% are 0.814. Bioethanol testing using waxy crude oil is carried out with the bioethanol content of 6%. The addition of the ethanol contents only decreased the pour point 2-3℃. At sample, #LGK19 experienced a 3°C drop in pour point from 45°C to 42°C. Therefore, it can be concluded that bioethanol used as a solvent can potentially inhibit paraffin deposition.

Benefits of the Tracers Test Technique in Improving the Performance of Group Wells Dike Fitriansyah Putra; Mursyidah Umar; Lazuardhy Vozika Futur; Aznil Arif Rahman
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jeee.2021.4057

This study aims to determine the benefits of the interwell tracer test technique in improving the streamline simulation on the existing array's re-look. It also analyses the best scheme for the injection spot to enhance oil recovery. This study's subject parameters are limited to the tracer's breakthrough time, produced concentration, cumulative production, and pathline movement. The results showed that previous studies distinguished the correlation between injectors and producers with the development of a new pathline that conveys a scheme of water-flood for the application. Furthermore, several developments of water-flood schemes have been executed for better oil recovery in the mature fields worldwide. The vigorous simulation model is an effort to imitate the actual field capable of enhancing the character's understanding and helping the waterflood to rinse the oil trap or the unswept pocket. Unlike a Cartesian model, the streamline conveys an enhanced portrait of the transmissibility reservoir in terms of pressure-driven. The streamline model suggests the injector's preferred position to unlock any unswept oil in the formation and minimize the water path conflict, which leads to over injection in some regions. The expected outcome is the ultimate oil increment with the original technique associated with re-patterning the wells appropriately to gain residual oil saturation in the virgin alleyway.

Application of Empty Oil Palm Bunches as CMC to Prevent Loss Circulation Idham Khalid; Novia Rita; Muhammad Efras
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jeee.2021.4100

Drilling is an activity carried out to obtain the desired target. Furthermore, drilling mud a very significant material involved in the drilling process, and must, therefore, obtain a rational value from the rheology. A suitable technique to achieve this goal is the use of additives, for instance, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) to improve the viscosity and air binding. This study, therefore, uses CMC produced from organic oil palm bunches as an alternative for industrial CMC. CMC of Oil Palm Empty Bunches have been tested by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to determine its composition. The Empty Oil Palm Oil which uses Tenera type was taken from Riau Province, Rokan Hulu Regency, Kunto Darussalam District. In this study, this experiment used CMC Empty Oil Palm and industrial CMC to find the value of viscosity, plastic thickness, melting point, gel strength, mud cake, and filtering volume of drilling mud and prevent the loss circulation with adding each CMC composition to mud samples with amount of 2 gr, 4 gr, 6 gr, 8 gr and 10 gr. According to the EDS analysis, the Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) content of CMC from empty oil palm bunches were 58.85% and 41.15%, respectively. In addition, the industrial standard for plastic viscosity and yield point were not attained by using 8 gr and 10 gr of this CMC.

Engineering Design and Feasibility Analysis of Geothermal-heated Swimming Pool in Lembang, West Java Allen Haryanto Lukmana; Rizqi Mahfudz Prasetyo; Ria Ayu Rifani
Journal of Earth Energy Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): OCTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Riau (UIR) Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jeee.2020.4102

A heated swimming pool has long been known as a tourist destination, sports, to stress therapy. Warm water is obtained from burning fuels such as fossil fuel that is not environmentally friendly. Then technologies based on an alternative energy source is needed to be an optimal solution to the heating of a swimming pool, which can be very expensive in terms of energy demand and environment conservation. Due to the sizeable geothermal potential owned by Indonesia and only 3% of the total potential that has been successfully used for electricity generation (PLTP), therefore a design of a heated swimming pool heated by geothermal fluid was made to utilize clean and environmentally friendly energy sources in the Lembang region, West Java. The pool, which is designed to have an area of 10 x 10 m2, has a temperature of 26-30 oC and is heated by a geothermal fluid at a rate of 12.7 l/s and a temperature of 110 oC. The total heat energy utilized is 170 to 330 W/m2. Economic analysis shows an NPV of more than one and an IRR of 17% for a 10-year economic life. Hence, this warm swimming pool deserves to be developed.

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