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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 2,127 Documents

129 130 131 132 133

Diagnosis and Management of Brain Abscesses in Children Taslim S. Soetomenggolo; Jimmy Passat; Hardiono D. Pusponegoro; Sofyan Ismael
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 5-6 (1992): May - June 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

During 4 years, 20 patients with brain abscesses were hospitalized in the Departement of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, jakarta. Of those 20 patients 11 were males and 9 were females. The youngest patient was 2 months old and the oldest was 12 years old. The important signs and symptoms in making diagnosis were the sign of injection, increased intracranial pressure, and focal neurological disorders. Laboratory examinations were of little value in establishing the diagnosls of brain abscess. By performing head CT Scan the diagnosis of brain abscess will be confirmed accurately. Of the 20 patients, 15 (75 %) suffered from single abscess and 5 (25 %) suffered from multiple abscesses. The results of treatment by surgical intervention were better than nonsurgical treatment. The high mortallty of the nonsurgical patients was caused by the severity of the disease due to the ignorancy of their parent.

Risk Factors of Infantile Diarrhea (A Case-Control Study) Iskandar Z. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 5-6 (1992): May - June 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

From March thru April 1990 an unmatched case-control study had been conducted at the pediatric out-patient Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan to assess risk factors of infantile diarrhea. The study population were infants, aged younger than 21 months. The mothers of the infants were interviewed, using structured questionnaires. Sample size, calculated by means of formula, with 95 % level of confidence, 90 % power of study, 50% estimated proportion of exposure in the control-group and 2.0 estimated odds ratio, was 121. All infants with diarrhea were included in the case-group until a total number of 124 infants were reached. One control, an infant without diarrhea, was taken for each case from the nearest sequence of attendance after the case. A total of 20 risk factors were tested. Exposure was indicated from the last day before illness. Computerized statistical analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval and two tailed significance testing for qualitative dichotomic data by means of Chi square test. A total of nine factors were confirmed as risk factors of infantile diarrhea i.e mothers age than 20 years, working mother, not cleaning nipple before suckling the baby bottle feeding, having only one nursing botlle/teat, not ready for use nursing bottle/teat, giving left over supplementary food without reheating, no band-washing before giving supplementary food and malnutrition. The result of this study can be emphasized in health education, especially in diarrheal disease control of infancy; Further well-designed studies are needed.

Nutritional Status of the Underfive Children at The Pediatric Ward of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan Kaswadharma K. C.; Arizal Arizal; Endang D. Hamid; Iskandar Z. Lubis; Sjarika T. Tarigan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 5-6 (1992): May - June 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

An observational study on the assesment of nutritional status of the underfive children at the pediatric ward of Dr. Pirngadi hospital, Medan was conducted during February to March 1990. Nutritional status was determined usi11.g the parameters of Weight/Age (WIA), Weight/Height (WIH) and Mid upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) in accordance with the Seminar on Nutritional Anthropometry 1975. One-hundred and eighty patients were included in this study, consisting of 115 (67, 6%) children less than one year and 65 (32, 4%) children 1 - 5 years. According to the Weight/Age parameter there were 46.7% wellnourished children 42.8% with moderate and 10.5% with severe malnutrition on admission, while on discharge they were 48.3%, 42.8% and 8.9% (p > 0.05) respectively. Weight/Height and Mid upper Arm Circumference parameters also failed to reveal significant differences. The duration of hospitalization ranged from 1 to 3 0 days (mean 5 days). The most predominant disease was gastroenteritis with dehydration (68.9%). In 54.4% of patients, breast-feeding had been given until 6 month of age, while supplementary food starting before the age of 2 months was found in 52.2% . The incidence of undernutrition in underfive children was high.

Early Ditection of Central Nervous System Infection by C-reactive Protein Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid Tjipta Bahtera; Bagus Putu Ngurah Arsana; Maria Lidwina
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 5-6 (1992): May - June 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

There are still many cases of bacterial meningitis in Indonesia. The highest morbidity rate are between 2 months until 2 years of age. The important factors that influence the success of treatment are early diagnosis and detection of the cause. C-reactive protein (=CRP) could be found in the spinal fluid of meningitis patients. The aim of this study is to judge the ability of CRP as a tool in making diagnosis as soon as possible whether there is a bacterial infection of the central nervous system and to compare it with the result of the spinal fluid culture. Also to compare the ability of it a conventional or routine examination of the spinal fluid was done. This was a prospective study on 30 children that were admitted in the child ward of Kariadi Hospital, Semarang during the first of April until the and of july 1990. The ages of the children were between one month until 14 years, with clinical symptoms such as fever, seizure and neurological disorders. CRP examination was done with Latex Agglutination method. The result of CRP examination on spinal fluid showed that the sensitivity was 91.6% , the specificity 94.4% , the positive prediction value 91.6% and the negative prediction value 94.4%. As a conclusion, CRP examination of spinal fluid gives better results than the conventional or routine examination in distinguishing bacterial meningitis from non bacterial meningitis.

Congenital Leukemia Report of 2 Cases S. Untario; Erwin Sarwono; E. K. Kariyadi; Sylviaty M. D.; Netty R. H. T
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 5-6 (1992): May - June 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Two cases of congenital leukemia are reported, one of which was associated with Down's syndrome. Both cases were lymphoblastic as observed morphologically and by the negative Sudanophilia. To the best knowledge of the authors these cases are the first two cases of congenital leukemia reported in the Indonesian medical literature.

The Impacts of Genetic Counseling on The Quality of Children Sjarif Hidajat Effendi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 5-6 (1992): May - June 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The success of our National Family Planning Program and awareness of people to the motto of: "The norm of a small, happy and prosperous family" has led our people, especially the eligible couples, to think no more about quantity, but the quality of their children. There is a tendency that they do need assurance of completely healthy children, the present or the coming ones. This fact leads our Health Service Personnel to the awareness that they must be able to solve people's problems related to their desire for good quality children.

Neurological Sequalae in Survivors of Perinatal Asphyxia Tjipta Bahtera; Santoso Suroso; Bambang Darmanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 7-8 (1992): July - August 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Perinatal asphyxia is the most common cause of either death or severely handicapped survivors. Perinatal asphyxia can be identified by one, five, ten minutes APGAR scores less than 7. Prolonged asphyxia produce hypoxemia, acidosis, hypercapnia, thus diminishing cerebral blood flow, which in turn results in clinical patterns of Hypoxic - Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). The atm of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of clinical observation on newborn asphyxia to predict the presence of neurological deficits connected with blood gas analysts investigation. Thirty eight newborn babies who bad APGAR scores of less than 7 as an asphyctic newborn baby group compared with an equal number of normal babies as control group. Physical and neurological examinations were performed immediately after birth and at six months of age. Two of the 38 infants who bad perinatal asphyxia died several hours after birth. Two of the 31 of the surviving infants with a historical of perinatal asphyxia bad cerebral palsy. One of the two babies with cerebral palsy bad epilepsy. Twenty nine of the 31 of the surviving infants with a history of perinatal asphyxia with or without mild HIE showed normal neurological outcomes. All of the normal newborn babies as control showed normal neurological outcome. One infant with cerebral palsy and one infant who bad cerebral palsy with epilepsy bad a history of a severe degree of HIE and moderate degree of Hm with neonatal convulsion respectively. One of the 2 infants with cerebral palsy bad severe hypoxia and none on the infants with normal neurological outcome exhibited Pa02 less than 50 mmHg. There were no significant differences ( p > 0.05) of the Pa02 PH and base deficit between the infants with a history of asphyxia and with a history of a vigorous baby, who bad a normal outcome. We concluded that postasphyxia encephalopathy was more accurate than a low APGAR score in predicting an adverse outcome, and the value of the Pa02 very important in predicting an encephalopathy.

Clinical Presentation of Measles at the Pediatric Ward in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan Mardiana K. Djayusman; Margaretha Damanik; Erijana Malik Miraza; Charles Hutasoit; Chairuddin P. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 7-8 (1992): July - August 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

A descriptive study was done on 55 infants and children with measles during January 1988- December 1989. They comprised 1.08% of the total sum of 5075 children hospitalized during that period. Measles without any complication was found in 5.4% of the subjects, and bronchopneumonia was the most common complication (75%). The highest prevalence was found in the age group of 1-5 years (72.8%). Most of the cases (98.2%) suffered from mild to severe malnutrition and they had not previously been vaccinated against measles.

Head Circumference Features of Under One Year Old Children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan Yulitas Bahtiar; Marisi Manurung; Manihar D. Marbun; Iskandar Z. Lubis; Bistok Saing
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 7-8 (1992): July - August 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

A descriptive cross sectional study to have normal values of the bead circumference of under one year old children in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan had been done during january to February 1990. The sample size determined based on formula, was 356 (178 boys and 178 girls). Each sex group was devided proportionally by age in months. Only children with good nutritional status and middle to high socio economic level were included in this study. The mean value of the head circumference is still in the range of the mean of Nellhaus standard. Tbe Nellhaus standard can be used as a standard of bead circumference of under one year old children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan.

Tuberculous Meningitis at the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan Margaretha Damanik; Sri Zamzah; Mardiana K. Djayusman; M. D. Marbun; Bistok Saing
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 32 No 7-8 (1992): July - August 1992
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Tuberculous meningitis was studied descriptively in 167 cases (1 .19%) of 14082 hospitalized patients at the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan in a period of the years 1985 to 1989. The highest incidence was in the age group of under 3 years (46.11%) consisting 20. 78% of the stage I, 54.55% stage II, and 24.67% stage III. The youngest age was five months (2 cases) and the oldest was 14 years old (3 cases). The case fatality rate was 27.54%, they were 2.17% stage I, 32.61% stage II, and 65.22% stage III. Stage III showed higher mortality rate than stage I and II (p <0.001). The most frequent symptom was convulsion (43. 71%) followed by fever (33.53%) . Contact with patients who bad pulmonary tuberculosis were found in 56.28%. Positive tuberculin test was found in 17.96% and pulmonary radiological abnormalities in57.48%. The highest number oj cases (51.50%) was group with cerebrospinal fluid cell count of 101 - 500/mm Â· Cases which never got BCG immunization comprised 83.83%. The nutritional states on admission to the hospital were mild / moderate malnutrition in 67.07% and severe malnutrition in 32.93%.

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