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Paediatrica Indonesiana
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,112 Documents
Mentzer index as a screening tool for iron deficiency anemia in 6-12-year-old children Sri Lestari S. Alam; Rini Purnamasari; Erial Bahar; Kemas Ya'kub Rahadian
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 5 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.5.2014.294-8

Abstract

Background There is a high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Indonesia. Iron deficiency anemia impairs the growth and development process in children. The reference standard to diagnose IDA is serum ferritin level. Since this test is expensive and rare not widely available, an inexpensive, simpler testis needed. The Mentzer index (mean corpuscular volume/red blood cell or MCV JRBC) has been used to identitY hypochromic-microcytic anemia with good validity.Objective To assess the validity of the Mentzer index for diagnosing IDA by comparing Mentzer indexes to serum ferritin and to define an optimal Mentzer index cut off point with good sensitivity and specificity.Methods The study was a diagnostic test with cross-sectional design. Subjects were collected by multistage, random sampling, from April to May 2013 at 18 elementary schools in Palembang. The study had a survey phase and diagnostic test phase. Subjects were aged 6-12 years with hypochromic-microcytic anemia. We examined complete blood counts to diagnose hypochromic-microcytic anemia, calculated Mentzer indexes, and measured serum ferritin levels of our subjects. We analyzed the validity of Mentzer index compared to serum ferritin level for diagnosing IDA.Results There were 100 children in our study, consisting of 51boys and 49 girls with a mean age of 9.1 (SD 2.02) years. From the receiver-operator curve (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 91.5)010 for a Mentzer index cutoff point of 13.51. Diagnostic test analysis revealed a sensitivity of93%, specificity 84 %, and accuracy 90%.Conclusion Mentzer index has good validity as an inexpensive and simple screen for IDA in 6-12-year-old children with hypochromic-microcytic anemia.
Gastrointestinal Disease in Malnourished Children Michael Gracey
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 15 No 1-2 (1975): January - February 1975
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (513.461 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi15.1-2.1975.25-33

Abstract

In communities where malnutrition is common, gastrointestinal diseases are prominent and contribute largely to unfavourable morbidity and mortality statistics. Patterns of gastrointestinal disease were studied in two such cotnmunities; Aboriginal children in Western Australia and children admitted to the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta.Two hundred and fifty one (251) young Aborigines were studied. Forty percent of them malnourished, 37% were anaemic and more than 50% had enteric pathogens in their stools. Sugar intolerance was also common (25%). Similar clinical features are seen in the children from Jakarta but more severe forms of malnutrition and gross vitamin deficiency occurred more often.Thirteen of the Aboriginal children died; at necropsy the most remarkable finding wass fatty infiltration of the liver which some cases was extreme. This, of course, is characteristic of protein-calorie malnutrition add has been well documented in other studies. Other pathological findings included severe purulent infections, septic infarcts, haemolysis, acanthocytosis, thrombocytopenia and vascular catastrophes.
Growth of Exclusively and Non-Exclusively Breast Fed Infants (0-4 Months) in Posyandu Kenangan Area, District of Deli Serdang Riza I. Nasution; Fauzah Fauzah; Endang S. Hamid; S.M. Manoeroeng
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 37 No 1-2 (1997): January - February 1997
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi37.1-2.1997.25-30

Abstract

A prospective study of all infants visited Posyandu in Kenangan Area was done to study their growth until the age of 4 months according to their feeding pattern (exclusively breast fed or not) This study lasted for 3 months (December 1992 until February 1993). Ninety two infants met the study criteria (spontaneous delivery and cry immediately, no congenital anomaly, body weight over 2500 gram, and appropriate for gestational age). In most of these infants, the first visit was at 1-2 months age (34 infants or 36%). The number of infants with exclusively breast fed was 25 or 26% and non-exclusively breast fed was 67 or 74%. There were 38 infants or 41% who got breast feeding exclusively since bulb and 48 or 51% after 25-72 hours following birth. There were 50 infants or 52% who got supplementary food before 2 month age. The average monthly body weight increase, in exclusively breast fed group was higher than in non-exclusively breast fed group infants.
Correlation between serum ferritin levels and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom scores in children based on the Abbreviated Conners Teachers Rating Scale Intan Alita Putri Tumbelaka; Hardiono Pusponegoro; Rinawati Rohsiswatmo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (121.401 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi52.6.2012.329-35

Abstract

factors causing attention􀁚defidt /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)in children. Iron contributes to the regulation of dopamineneurotransmitter activity, thus, iron deficiency has been associatedwith ADHD. Several studies have been conducted in othercountries to assess for a correlation between serum ferritin levelsand ADHD symptom scores, but 'With varied results.Objective To examine the relationship between iron deficiency andADHD symptoms, in particular the correlation between serumferritin levels and Abbreviated Conners Teachers Rating Scale(ACTRS) scores in children v.ith ADHD.Methods T his cross􀁚sectional study was performed in childrenaged 5􀁚 12 years who were newly diagnosed \\lith ADHD. Subjectswere recruited from the Klinik Anakku Kelapa Gading, theNeurology Outpatient Clinic, the Growth and Development􀁚Social Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic, and the Integrated ChildClinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. ADHD diagnoses wereestablished using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders, 4th edition (DSM􀁚IV). Subjects' parents and teacherswere asked to complete the ACTRS instrument sheet. Venousblood specimens were obtained for peripheral blood and serumferritin level tests.Results Of the 33 subjects recruited, 23 were male. Subjects' agesranged from 5􀁚 12 years, \\lith a median age of onset of 4 (range2􀁚 10) years. The combined type of ADHD (with inattention andhyperactivity􀁚impulsivity) was more commonly found (20/33)in our subjects. T he mean serum ferritin was 51.31 (SD 27.7)ng/mL. Using 20 ng/mL as the serum ferritin cutoff value, 5/33subjects were considered to be iron deficient. Median ACTRSscore by parents and teachers were 15 and 15, respectively. Higherscores were found in the combined type subject group than in theinattention type subject group. Median serum ferritin levels ofthe two ADHD type groups were similar. Median ACTRS scoresof parents and teachers tended to be higher in the iron􀁚deficientgroup (16 and 16, respectively) than in the normal serum irongroup (14.5 and 12.5, respectively). Serum ferritin level showedno correlation (r=􀁚0.243; P=0.086) to the parents' ACTRSscore, and no correlation (r=􀁚.057; P=0.377) to the teachers'ACTRS score.Conclusion Serum ferritin level showed no correlation to ACTRSscores of parents and teachers, respectively. However, the medianACTRS score was higher in the iron􀁚deficiency group than in thenormal iron status group, suggesting that there may be a qualitativerelationship between iron deficiency and ADHD symptoms.[Paediatr lndanes. 2012;52:329-35].
Blood pressure and lipid profiles in adolescents with hypertensive parents Julia Fitriany; Rafita Ramayati; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas; Oke Rina; Rosmayanti Siregar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (96.196 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.6.2015.333-8

Abstract

Background Adolescent hypertension is a significant health problem of increasing prevalence and causes high morbidity and mortality. It is found primarily in young males, with a familial history of hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease. Examination of lipid profiles has been used to detect the risk of hypertension in adolescents. Objective To compare blood pressure and lipid profiles in adolescents with and without a parental history of hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2012 on students from a senior high school in the Toba Samosir District, North Sumatera. Sixty-eight adolescents were included, aged 15 to 18 years. Group I comprised 34 adolescents with hypertensive parents, and group II comprised 34 adolescents with normotensive parents. Subjects were selected based on questionnaires. Subjects’ blood pressures were measured at rest. Three measurements were made in intervals of 10-15 minutes, then averaged for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Lipid profiles were measured using the CardioCheck cholesterol test after subjects had fasted for 12 hours. Results The median systolic blood pressures (SBP) in groups I and II were 110 mmHg (range 93.3-123.3) and 106.7 mmHg (range 96.7-123.3), respectively, (P=0.584). The median diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were 73.3 mmHg (range 66.7-83.3) and 71.7 mmHg (range 63.3-80.0), respectively, (P=0.953). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in group I were significantly higher than those levels in group II [median total cholesterol: 162.0 (range 158-170) vs. 159.0 (range 150-170), respectively; (P=0.001); and mean LDL-C: 103.5 (SD 3.72) vs. 99.1 (SD 4.63), respectively; (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed a correlation of moderate strength between parental history of hypertension and increased LDL-C (P<0.001) in adolescents. Conclusion Adolescents with and without familial history of hypertension have no significant median blood pressure differences. However, adolescents with hypertensive parents have This study was presented at Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan V (PIT V/The 5th Child Health Annual Scientific Meeting) Bandung, October 15–17, 2012. From the Department of Child Health, University of Sumatera Utara Medical School/H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Reprint requests to: Dr. Julia Fitriany, Department of Child Health, University of North Sumatera Medical School/H. Adam Malik Hospital, Jl. Bunga Lau No.17, Medan 20136. Tel +6261 8361721 – +6261 8365663. Fax. +6261 8361721. E-mail: julia_fitriany@yahoo.com. Adolescent hypertension is an important health problem of increasing prevalence that affects morbidity and mortality.1 The prevalence of hypertension in adolescents has increased due to several factors such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress, sleep disorders and increased intake of high-calorie foods, sodium, alcohol, and caffeine.2 In the pediatric population, essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, mostly afsignificantly higher median total cholesterol and mean LDL-C. Furthermore, we find a correlation between parental history of hypertension and increased LDL-C in adolescents.
Risk factors for neonatal mortality at Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta Dwi Hidayah; Yulidar Hafidh
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (93.804 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.4.2014.219-22

Abstract

Background Neonatal mortality remains a major concern indeveloping countries. Identifying potential risk factors is importantin order to decrease the neonatal mortality rate. In MoewardiHospital, Surakarta, the risk factors for neonatal mortality havenot been assessed.Objective To evaluate potential risk factors of n eonatalmortality.Methods We reviewed medical records of all neonates hospitalizedin the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Dr. MoewardiHospital from January to December 2011. Analyzed variables weresex, birth weight, gestational age, maternal age, place of delivery,mode of delivery, and sepsis. Data were analyzed by Chi square andbinary logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results Out of841 neonates, the mortality rate was 212 (25.2%).Univariate logistic regression revealed that the significant riskfactors for neonatal mortality were preterm (OR 4.41 ; 95%CI4.24 to 4.57; P=0.0001) , low bir th weight (OR 4.30; 95%CI4.13 to 4.47; P=0.0001), sepsis (OR 2.99; 95%CI 2.81 to 3.17;P=0.0001), maternal age 2:35 years (OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.37 to1.70), and non-spontaneous delivery (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.50 to1.84). Further multivariate regression analysis revealed that thesignificant risk factors were preterm (OR 2.2 7; 95%CI 2.05 to 2.48;P=0.0001), low birth weight (OR 2.49; 95%CI 2.27 to 2.71; P=0.0001), and sepsis (OR 2.50; 95%CI 2.30 to 2.69; P= 0.0001).Conclusion The risk factors for neonatal mortality in the NICUare preterm, low birth weight, and sepsis.
The profile of acute glomerulonephritis among Indonesian children Husein Albar; Syarifuddin Rauf
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 45 No 6 (2005): November 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi45.6.2005.264-9

Abstract

Background Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a form of glom-erulonephritis characterized by sudden and explosive onset of glom-erular injury symptom. It usually occurs after recent infection bygroup A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. AGN among Indonesianchildren seems to be less frequently reported than that among othercountries.Objective To determine the current profile of AGN among Indo-nesian children hospitalized in eleven teaching centers.Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, based ona review of the standard medical records of 509 children with AGNhospitalized in 11 teaching centers in Indonesia over a five-yearperiod (1997-2002). Data extracted from the medical records con-sisted of history of illness, clinical and laboratory findings, and chestX-rays.Results Age of the patients at the onset of AGN ranged from 2.5 to15 years, with peak age of 8.5 years. The majority (76.4%) wasabove 6 years old with male predominance (58.3%). About 68.9%and 82% of the patients came from low socioeconomic and low edu-cational status families. Antecedent upper respiratory infections wereobserved in 45.8% cases and pyoderma in 31.6%. The diseaseseemed to be more commonly elicited by streptococcal infectionthan by other infections, as proved by an elevated anti-streptolisinO (ASO) titer (66.6%) and decreased C 3 concentrations (60.4%).The frequent clinical features included periorbital edema (76.3%),hypertension (61.8%), and gross hematuria (53.6%). The most preva-lent laboratory findings were microhematuria (99.3%), proteinuria(98.5%), raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (85.3%). The initialchest X-rays showed pleural effusion (81.6%) and cardiomegaly(80.2%), whereas echocardiogram documented pericardial effusion(81.6%). Acute pulmonary edema (11.5%), hypertensive encepha-lopathy (9.2%), and acute renal failure (10.5%) were frequent com-plications noted in our study.Conclusion Despite no adequate data on throat or skin cul-tures, AGN among Indonesian children seems mostly to bepoststreptococcal AGN as proved by the elevated ASO titerand decrease in serum C 3 concentration
Behavioral problems in children with epilepsy Dora Novriska; Retno Sutomo; Amalia Setyati
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.6.2014.324-9

Abstract

Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that most oftenaffects children. Most cases of epilepsy are found in developingcountries. Children with epilepsy are at risk of behavioral disordersthat can affect their quality of life. Studies on behavioral problemsin children with epilepsy have been limited in Indonesia.Objective To compare behavioral disorders in children withepilepsy to those in normal children, and to assess for possiblefactors associated with the occurrence of behavioral disorders.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 47children with epilepsy and 46 children without epilepsy, aged 3-16years. Behavioral problems were screened with the Strength andDifficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), Indonesian version. Informationabout EEG description, medication, onset, and duration of epilepsywere obtained from medical records.Results Behavioral problems were found in 19.1% of childrenwith epilepsy and only in 2.2 % of children without epilepsy (PR8.8; 95%CI 1.16 to 66.77; P= 0.015). Significant differences werealso found in the percentage of conduct problems and emotionaldisorders. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression revealedthat the factors associated with behavioral disorders in childrenwith epilepsy were uncontrolled epilepsy (PR 13.9; 95%CI 1.45 to132.4; P=0.023) and focal EEG appearance (PR 19; 95%CI 1.71to 214.43; P=0.017). We also found that uncontrolled epilepsywas a factor related to emotional (PR 6.7; 95%CI 1.66 to 26.76;P=0.007) and conduct problems (PR 6.1; 95%CI 1.35 to 27.29;P=0.019).Conclusion Uncontrolled epilepsy and focal EEG results arefactors associated with increased risk of behavioral problems inchildren with epilepsy. Children with epilepsy should undergobehavioral disorder screening, followed by diagnosis confirmationand treatment.
Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease Widagdo Widagdo; Rachmad Sadeli; Iskandar Wahidyat
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 14 No 11-12 (1974): November - December 1974
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (821.324 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi14.11-12.1974.218-23

Abstract

The folllowing case represents a Hand-Schuller-Christian disease as evidenced both by the clinical course and by the examination of biopsy material.
Some factors related to lipid profile in obese children at junior high schools in Manado Anneke Helena Tangkilisan; Kartin Akune
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 4 (2007): July 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (419.257 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.4.2007.166-71

Abstract

Background Factors related to lipid profile in obese children arecalorie intake, fast food consuming habit, gender, physical activity,television (TV) watching, sleep duration, and visceral fat distribution.Objective To determine factors related to lipid profile in obesechildren at junior high school.Methods We studied obese children aged 11-<15 years fromNovember 2004 to February 2005 at junior high school in Manadocity. One hundred and seven junior high school children aged 11-<15years were enrolled in this study, excluding children with acute disease,having hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, liverdisease, and using corticosteroid. The rsik factors considered werecalorie intake, fast food consuming habit, gender, physical activity, TVwatching, sleep duration, and waist circumference. The outcomemeasures were total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol,and triglyceride. Data was analyzed using X 2 , fisher exact test, Spearman’srho and multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise procedure.Results The prevalence of increased total cholesterol was 28%,LDL 44%, triglyceride 16.8%, low HDL cholesterol 6.5%, and non-HDL was 23.3%. There were statistically significant relationshipbetween gender, calorie intake, fast food consuming habit, physicalactivity, TV watching, sleep duration, and total cholesterol. Therewere also statistically significant relationship between calorie intake,habit of consuming fast food, physical activity, TV watching, sleepduration, and LDL cholesterol. Fast food consuming habit and TVwatching also had statistically significant relationship with HDLcholesterol. There were statistically significant relationship betweencalorie intake, physical activity, TV watching, and sleep durationwith non-HDL cholesterol.Conclusion Duration of TV watching, sleep duration, less physicalactivity and waist circumference >98 percentile are correlatedwith hyperlipidemia in obese children.

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