Jurnal Bios Logos
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS is the journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The aims of the journal are to publish original research papers and article review in biology science i.e. botany, zoology, molecular biology, microbiology, ecology, diversity and conservation, taxonomy and biogeography. BIOS LOGOS is published two times per year (February and August)
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<![CDATA[Phytochemical Compounds and Antibacterial Test of Theonella cylindrica against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ]]>
<![CDATA[Christi D. Mambo]]>;
<![CDATA[Finny Warouw]]>;
<![CDATA[Edward Nangoy]]>;
<![CDATA[Inneke Rumengan]]>;
<![CDATA[Billy Kepel]]>;
<![CDATA[Robert Bara]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.59230
<![CDATA[Infectious diseases are a health problem faced by developing countries like Indonesia. This disease is caused by bacteria that attack humans. Improper use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance is the most significant public health threat, resulting in greater demand for finding new effective antimicrobials from natural products such as sea sponges. This research aimed to test the antibacterial activity of Theonella extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and determine the class of chemical compounds contained therein. Research stages include sampling, sample preparation and extraction, qualitative phytochemical screening, making solutions, media creation, and antibacterial testing. The research showed that sponges metabolite compounds consisted of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. The diameter of the inhibition zone at concentrations of 80% and 100% showed potential antibacterial activity but more strongly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria than Escherichia coli bacteria.]]>
<![CDATA[Attacks and Spatial Distribution of Clove Stem Borer in Southeast Minahasa Regency ]]>
<![CDATA[Elisabet R.M. Meray]]>;
<![CDATA[Caroulus Simbalis Rante]]>;
<![CDATA[Betsy Pinaria]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.59233
<![CDATA[The main problem encountered in the field is the attack of borer pests that attack the stems of clove plants. This study aims to determine the types, percentage of attacks, and spatial distribution patterns of stem borers attacking clove plants in Southeast Minahasa Regency. The research method was to directly observe the symptoms of attacks by clove stem borers that had been randomly identified in several villages. The spatial distribution pattern was analyzed using the Standardized Morosita Index (Ip). The results of the study showed that the type of stem borer pest attacking clove plants in Southeast Minahasa Regency was Hexamitodera semivelutina Hell. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The average percentage of stem borer pest attacks, H. semivelutina, in Pasan Subdistrict was highest in Liwutung 1 Village (33.50%) and lowest in Towuntu Village (25.10%); in East Ratahan District, the highest average percentage of attacks was in Wioi Village (30.40%) and the lowest in Wioi 3 Village (26.30%); while in Belang District, the highest average percentage of attacks was in Watuliney Village (29.90%) and the lowest in Belang Village (19.60%). Overall, the average percentage of attacks by the stem borer, H. semivelutina, in Southeast Minahasa Regency was 27.92%, ranging from 19.60% to 33.50%. The distribution pattern of the stem borer pest, H. semivelutina, in Southeast Minahasa Regency spreads in clusters with an Ip value of 2.16.]]>
<![CDATA[Review Article: Potential of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Renewable Biomass Energy in The Agricultural Sector ]]>
<![CDATA[Song Ai Nio]]>;
<![CDATA[Daniel Peter Mantilen Ludong]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60045
<![CDATA[The decline in fossil fuels, combined with increased fuel consumption and its negative effects on the environment, has necessitated the search for renewable energy alternatives. Among renewable energy sources, biomass is a dependable source because it is constantly available in nature. Indonesia has approximately 49,810 MW of potential plant-based biomass resources. The abundant availability of agricultural waste and biomass conversion techniques allow agricultural biomass, including rice, to be converted into an important renewable energy source. Investments in renewable energy derived from biomass can be made if supplies remain abundant and consistent in the future. Rice husks and straw, which are the primary waste products of rice production, have recently received a lot of attention as a renewable energy resource. The cost of rice husks and straw is lower and has no impact on food prices, and there is no conflict between food and fuel. This paper examines renewable energy derived from agricultural biomass, rice plant waste as a renewable energy source, and the conversion of rice plant waste into energy.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Weed Diversity in Maize (Zea mays L.) Field at Lowland and Highland Areas ]]>
<![CDATA[Arman Adrian Maulana]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulia Fatmasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Larasita Aprilia]]>;
<![CDATA[Niken Ayu Purnamasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Hanafi]]>;
<![CDATA[Puji Lestari Tarigan]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60131
<![CDATA[Weeds are very detrimental to maize because they compete for light, water and nutrients. This observation aims to determine the composition and structure of weeds on narrow leaves on corn cultivation land in the lowlands, namely in the Saworatap area, Gedangan subdistrict and the highlands in Randuagung village, Wonosari subdistrict, Malang. This observation was carried out in November 2024. The method used in this observation was survey and sample collection techniques were purposive sampling, making plots measuring 1 m x 1 m with a total of 6 plots in both locations. In the lowlands, the composition of grass weeds is only two species, namely Eleusine indica and Setaria verticillata which belong to the Poaceae family. The composition of grass weeds in the highlands has a higher species diversity, namely six species divided into two families. Weed species belonging to the Poaceae family are Echinochloa colona, Setaria verticillata, Eleusine indica, and Chrysopogon zizanioide, while grass weeds belonging to the Cyperaceae or enigma family are Cyperus iria and Cyperus rotundus.]]>
<![CDATA[Concentrations of Heavy Metals Pb and Cd in Porites lutea Coral in Mandalika Coastal Waters ]]>
<![CDATA[Asha Aulia Zahara]]>;
<![CDATA[Dining Aidil Candri]]>;
<![CDATA[Hilman Ahyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rachmawati Noviana Rahayu]]>;
<![CDATA[I Wayan Suana]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60222
<![CDATA[The Mandalika Coastal Area, located in Central Lombok Regency, is a row of beaches and bays that have a large coral reef ecosystem and intertidal zone area. The increasing growth of activities on the Mandalika coast will affect the life of the coral reef ecosystem, one of which is the concentration of heavy metals that exceeds the quality standard limits which will be very dangerous for coral reefs. This study aims to determine the concentration of the heavy metals lead and cadmium in Porites lutea coral reefs in Kuta, Tanjung Aan and Gerupuk beaches. Research data collection (field and laboratory) was carried out in May 2023. Coral reef preparation was carried out at the Advanced and Analytical Biology Laboratory, FMIPA, University of Mataram and measurements of heavy metal content were carried out at the Environmental Laboratory, the West Nusa Tenggara Province Environment and Forestry Service. Measurement and calculation of heavy metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals lead and cadmium in Porites lutea coral reefs are < 0.0005 mg/L and < 0.0001 mg/L, which are still below the quality standards (PPRI No.22 of 2021 concerning Sea water Wuality Standards on Marine Biota). The Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) value in all samples of P. lutea coral in Mandalika coastal waters is 0.00 mg/L, this shows that there is no accumulation of heavy metals in P. lutea coral.]]>
<![CDATA[Morphological Characteristics and Antagonist Test Trichoderma sp. Against Fungi Helminthosporium sp. Causing Leaf Blight Disease in Corn Plants In Vitro ]]>
<![CDATA[Ardelia Qonita Santoso]]>;
<![CDATA[Parluhutan Siahaan]]>;
<![CDATA[Eva Baideng]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60620
<![CDATA[Helminthosporium sp. is an organism that causes leaf blight disease in corn plants, thus becoming one of the causes of declining production in the agricultural sector. Lack of awareness and low knowledge of farmers in control efforts that still use synthetic pesticides that have a negative impact on the environment and health, therefore the use of antagonistic microbes that live around plant roots such as Trichoderma sp. is one way to control environmentally friendly soil-borne pathogens. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Trichoderma sp. and Helminthosporium sp. macroscopically and microscopically and to test the antagonistic ability of Trichoderma sp. fungi based on competition tests, antibiosis tests and mycoparasitism tests against Helminthosporium sp. fungi isolate Tondegesan. Trichoderma sp. fungal antagonist test against Helminthosporium sp. fungi using the duo plate assay method in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in vitro. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. fungi. has macroscopic morphological characteristics of dark green colonies with fine cotton fibers and microscopic morphological characteristics of green septate hyphae, upright conidiophores and many branches. Helmintosporium sp. fungi have macroscopic morphological characteristics of flat fibrous colony surfaces, oval shapes with slightly brownish white colors and microscopic morphological characteristics of fairly thick hyphal walls with yellowish brown colors. Based on the antagonist test, Trichoderma sp. fungi have an inhibition percentage of 71% against Helminthosporium sp. fungi on the seventh day.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of Agarwood Formation Using a Fungal Consortium on Three Stem Diameter Sizes of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. in Banyuwangi ]]>
<![CDATA[Apra Humaera]]>;
<![CDATA[Sentot Adi Sasmuko]]>;
<![CDATA[Aida Muspiah]]>;
<![CDATA[I Made Nanda Pradita]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Mulyaningsih]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.61086
<![CDATA[Agarwood is a wood containing fragrant resin produced as a response of tree defense against disease. One of the artificial techniques that can be used for agarwood induction is inoculation, which is a technique of inserting pathogens (inoculants) into the stem such as fungi as a disease to accelerate the stimulation of agarwood formation. This study aims to analyze the size of the stem diameter against the length of infection propagation, the thickness of aromatic resin propagation, resin color and anatomical characteristics of agarwood to see the distribution of resin in the tissue, after being induced by a fungal consortium. Induction in this study was carried out on 3 sizes of tree trunk diameters (10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm) with 3 repetitions. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and qualitative descriptive for resin anatomy and color. The longest propagation of aromatic resin was obtained on a stem with a diameter of 15 cm. The aromatic resin that produced the darkest color was obtained from a stem with a diameter of 10 cm. The longest infection propagation was obtained on a stem with a diameter of 20 cm.The distribution of aromatic resin in the tissue accumulates in the pith rays, interxilary phloem, trachea, and tracheids.]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume 1 Second (FEV1s) in Adolescents ]]>
<![CDATA[Hedison Polii]]>;
<![CDATA[Joice. N.A Engka]]>;
<![CDATA[Youla A. Assa]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.62054
<![CDATA[The Respiratory System plays an important role for humans. The main function of the respiratory system is to obtain oxygen (O2) required by the body’s cells and to expel carbon dioxide produced by the cells. Body Mass Index (BMI) influences lung volume. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) is the lung capacity that includes the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second during a pulmonary function test. FEV1 is often used as an important parameter in evaluating lung function. This study aims to investigated the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), as well as Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1), in adolescents. This research is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional research design. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection involved measuring body weight and height to calculate BMI and measuring Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) using a spirometer. Data analysis was conducted using normality tests and Spearman’s correlation test. The study results revealed correlation between Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Body Mass Index in adolescents. Other results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between Body Mass Index and FEV1s in adolescents.]]>
<![CDATA[Induksi Kalus Batang Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) dengan Penambahan Pikloram dan BAP ]]>
<![CDATA[Zidna Sahla Mazida]]>;
<![CDATA[Noor Aini Habibah]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.62287
<![CDATA[Tanaman kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) mempunyai beragam kandungan metabolit sekunder. Metabolit sekunder dapat diproduksi melalui teknik kultur kalus dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi pikloram dan BAP terhadap induksi kalus pada eksplan batang tanaman kumis kucing. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu berupa jenis/konsentrasi ZPT. Data kuantitatif meliputi waktu muncul kalus, persentase eksplan berkalus, dan pertumbuhan kalus (berat basah dan berat kering) dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskall-Wallis dan dilanjut uji Dunn. Data kualitatif meliputi morfologi kalus (tekstur dan warna) dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pikloram dan BAP berpengaruh terhadap waktu muncul kalus, persentase berkalus, dan pertumbuhan kalus. Rerata waktu muncul kalus tercepat yaitu 6.25 HST pada 1 ppm pikloram + 0 ppm BAP. Perlakuan dengan kombinasi pikloram + 2 ppm BAP merupakan yang paling optimal dalam menginduksi kalus batang kumis kucing dengan persentase 100 %. Rerata berat basah kalus tertinggi yaitu 0.195 g (3 ppm pikloram + 2 ppm BAP), sedangkan rerata berat kering kalus tertinggi yaitu 0.051 g (3 ppm pikloram + 3 ppm BAP). Sebagian besar kalus yang dihasilkan berwarna hijau kekuningan dengan tekstur remah.]]>
<![CDATA[Antagonist Test of Gliocladium sp. against Fusarium sp. Cause of Wilt Disease in Shallot Plants In Vitro ]]>
<![CDATA[Dea Sarayar]]>;
<![CDATA[Stella Deiby Umboh]]>;
<![CDATA[Parluhutan Siahaan]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sam Ratulangi ]]>
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DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.62836
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the morphological characteristics of the fungus Gliocladium sp., measure its inhibition against the growth of the fungus Fusarium sp. causing wilt disease in shallot plants (Allium ascalonicum L), and examine its antagonistic mechanism in vitro. This research method includes exploration and sampling, sterilization of tools and materials, making PDA media, isolation, purification, and identification of morphological characteristics and measurement of antagonistic fungal inhibition. The antagonist test uses the dual culture method, and data analysis with a completely randomized design (CRD) and ANOVA test followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that Gliocladium sp. was able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp. with a percentage inhibition of 25.63% and spore viability of 66.52%. Antagonistic mechanisms observed include competition for space and nutrients, antibiosis, lysis, and mycoparasitism.]]>
