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Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

jcef
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 25811037 EISSN : 25495925 DOI : -

Core Subject : Social, Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Environmental Science

Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum (JCEF) is a four-monthly journal on Civil Engineering and Environmental related sciences. The journal was established in 1992 as Forum Teknik Sipil, a six-monthly journal published in Bahasa Indonesia, where the first publication was issued as Volume I/1 - January 1992 under the name of Forum Teknik Sipil.

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Articles 225 Documents

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Determination of Risk Areas in the Cimahi City (Drainage Sector) Based on City Sanitation Strategy Guidelines Iwan Juwana; Elvira Rizqita Utami
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 3 (September 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Cimahi is one of the cities which participated in the Accelerated Habitat Sanitation Development Program in 2011 due to its poor sanitation conditions. The city experienced high flooding in 2018 as observed in the 36.4 hectares or approximately 0.76% of the total area affected even though its drainage system was discovered to be covering 89.87% in 2015. There are also several reports of displacement of residents and significant financial loss in the city due to flooding in the past decade and this means urgent attention needs to be provided to improve the condition of the city. Therefore, this study was conducted to calculate the level of risk from the drainage sector in each urban village of Cimahi City. This involves using scores ranging from 1 – 4, with a score of 1 indicating very low risk while 4 represents very high risk based on exposure factors such as percentage of inundation area, sanitation risk index (IRS) score, and the opinions of local government as well as impact factors such as population, population density, poverty rate, and urban/rural function. The research made use of both primary and secondary data with the primary data obtained through interviews with the population in the study area and local government representatives while secondary data were obtained from different institutions. The results showed 7 out of the 16 urban villages in Cimahi City are in Risk Category 1, 5 in Category 2, 1 in Category 3, and the remaining 2 in Category 4. This information with the risk category map for each village is expected to be used by the local government of Cimahi to analyze the flood-related problems better and create more effective solutions.

Analysis of Water-Saving Irrigation with Organic Materials at Different Percentages for Rice Cultivation Dhinar Yoga Hanggung Legowo; Fatchan Nurrochmad; Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 2 (May 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.53191

Gemolong subdistrict in Sragen Regency of Central Java, Indonesia has a rainfed rice area of 2,047.64 hectares. Water is very limited during the dry season and this usually makes farmers use costly groundwater pumps for irrigation. This means conventional method involving the continuously flooded irrigation combined with chemical fertilizers which are considered water-wasteful and hazardous to the soil is the current practice in the area. However, water saving-irrigation with the addition of organic material has been discovered to be an alternative solution to this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of this method on water productivity using four variations of water-saving irrigation treatment and composition of organic application as well as one control treatment involving conventional method with chemical fertilizers. Meanwhile, composted rice straw was used as organic material and applied at 20% and 40% composition. The results showed the application of organic material boosted rice production while the water-saving method increased water productivity. Applying rice straw to the soil at 20% and 40% was discovered to have increased water productivity by 15% and 19% compared to the control treatment. Moreover, the application of 20% rice straw to water-saving irrigation method saved up to 19% water and increase its productivity by 16.5% in comparison with the control treatment. However, 40% under water-saving irrigation method reduced the water productivity by 2% even though it saved up to 27% water needed for irrigation. It is, therefore, recommended that water-saving methods added with 20% organic material be implemented as alternative rice cultivation procedures during dry season and period of water scarcity.

The Development of Finite Element Model to Investigate the Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Hollow Beams Jen Hua Ling; Lin Li Chan; Wen Kam Leong; How Teck Sia
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 2 (May 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

The self-weight of a reinforced concrete beam contributes to the permanent loads of a structure. This can be reduced by creating a longitudinal void along the beam so that it will not affect the performance of the beam. In addition, this process can reduce the amount of building cost. Therefore, a finite element model was developed in this study with the aid of a computer program, Ansys, to investigate the behavior of the hollow beam. The model was tested for reliability by comparing the predicted results with those obtained from the experiment in terms of the load-displacement responses, mechanical properties, and parametric responses. The result showed that the reliability of the model was questionable. The main cause of the non-reliability was the inaccurate prediction of the beam deflection by the model. The poor prediction of beam deflection led to significant variations of relevant mechanical properties including stiffness, deflection, and ductility. For beam deflection, only 1/3 of the specimens were correctly predicted with a reliability of 36% while the strength properties were discovered to have higher values as observed in the yield and the ultimate strengths with 73% and 64% respectively. However, both the model and experimental results showed the hollow beam was relatively effective when the diameter of the longitudinal void was 1/3 times the beam width and placed at the neutral axis. For the evaluation to improve the reliability, some revision including the properties of the materials, boundary conditions of the beam support, bonding conditions between different materials, and meshing shape and size suppose to be applied to the model.

Mapping of Seawater Intrusion into Coastal Aquifer: A Case Study of Pekalongan Coastal Area in Central Java Muhammad Irham Sahana; Roh Santoso Budi Waspodo
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 2 (May 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.53736

Seawater intrusion promotes the degradation of groundwater quality through excessive pumping activities or natural phenomena such as tidal floods which are popular with coastal areas. Pekalongan city is one of the areas affected by this phenomenon and was analyzed in this study with reference to the 1986 Ad Hoc Sea Water Intrusion (PAHIAA) Decree which classifies water into five based on salinity. This involved using the Integrated Distance Method (IDW) to map and applying the logarithmic equation to determine the dispersion relationship. The results showed seawater intrusion has already affected groundwater quality up to 6.52 km from the coastline for total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity and 7.22 km for chloride ion. The distribution of TDS, EC, and Cl- in the freshwater zone was also recorded to have reached 28.59 km2, 28.36 km2, and 23.95 km2 respectively. It is predicted that in 4 years, there would no longer be freshwater in Padukuhan Kraton Village due to decreasing groundwater quality caused by seawater intrusion. Furthermore, 23.03 km2 Pekalongan area which spread into 4.34 km2 to the West, 0 km2 to the South, 14.39 km2 to the North, and 1.28 km2 to the East of the district has also been affected and was discovered to be caused mainly by tidal flood from Bremi and Tirto rivers.

The Influence of Rib Configuration on Bond Strength Development between Steel and Concrete Shoib Bashir Wani; Dar Sarvat Gull; Ishfaq Amin
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 2 (May 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

The bond strength between rebar and concrete is important for the quality performance of reinforced concrete structures. At the interface, bond strength development mainly depends on surface configuration. Different rib configuration improves the strength significantly in high yield rebars as compared to mild steel. This study examines the bond strength behavior of ordinary MS (Mild Steel) rebars, HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) parallel rib, and HYSD diamond rib rebars. Experimental analysis to obtain pull-out behavior of rebar in concrete was based on IS 2770 Part I – 1967: Reaffirmed 2007; Indian Standard Methods of Testing Bond in Reinforced Concrete. Importantly, the concrete of M30 grade was used and a total of nine specimens were tested. The cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast with centrally embedded rebar provided up to 20 mm from their bottom faces. Additionally, the pull-out test was conducted in 1000 kN capacity Universal Testing Machine. The usable bond strength values were calculated from the load at 0.025 mm free and 0.25 mm loaded end slips. The results showed that the usable bond strength value of HYSD diamond rib rebars is very large compared to MS and appreciably greater than HYSD parallel rib. Moreover, the usable bond strength of HYSD diamond rib rebars is 60.06% and 35.60 % greater than that of the MS rebars and HYSD parallel rib pattern rebars, respectively. The high frictional resistance developed in the bond strength test of HYSD diamond rib rebars because of the better mechanical interlocking. This was primarily due to the presence of a more frictional surface area of lugs.

2D Shallow Water Model for Dam Break and Column Interactions Putu Indah Dianti Putri; Rifqi Fauzan Iskandar; Mohammad Bagus Adityawan; Hadi Kardhana; Dian Indrawati
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 3 (September 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Dam break causes disastrous effects on the surrounding area, especially at the downstream, therefore, there is a need for accurate and timely predictions of dam break propagation to prevent both property damage and loss of life. This study aimed to determine the movement of dam-break flow in the downstream area by solving the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) or Saint Venant Equations which are based on the conservation of mass and momentum derived from Navier Stokes equation. The model was generated using a finite difference scheme which is the most common and simplest method for dam-break modeling while Forward Time Central Space (FTCS) numerical scheme was applied to simulate two-dimensional SWE. Moreover, the accuracy of the numerical model was checked by comparing its results with the analytic results of one-dimensional cases and a relatively small value of error was found in comparison to the analytic models as indicated with the RMSE values close to 0. The numerical to the two-dimensional models were also compared to a simple dam break in a flume and dam break with column interactions and the wave propagation in both cases was observed to become very close at a certain time. The model, however, used numerical filter (Hansen) to reduce the oscillations or numerical instability. The simulation and analysis, therefore, showed the ability of the numerical scheme of FTCS to resolve both cases of the simple dam break and dam break with column interactions in the Two-dimensional Shallow Water.

Does the COVID-19 Outbreak Constitute a Force Majeure Event? A Pandemic Impact on Construction Contracts Seng Hansen
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 2 (May 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.54997

The emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of 2019 has transformed from an epidemic to a pandemic disaster. As of 12 April 2020, this outbreak has spread to more than 210 countries and territories and caused 108,837 deaths. The development of this outbreak has resulted in the closure of several major cities in the world (such as Wuhan, Daegu, and Manila) to country-wide lockdowns as observed in Italy and Malaysia. This also affects the construction sector as a labor-intensive industry. Force majeure has become one of the critical points of discussion, considering that this provision allows a contract party to hinder from fulfilling its obligations on the grounds that events are beyond a party’s control. Nevertheless, the application of this provision often faces challenges considering that in prior legal cases, the Courts tend to interpret this clause narrowly. Thus, it would be problematic when the force majeure clause does not include an epidemic outbreak as a force majeure event in the contract. This paper aims to explore the potential of the COVID-19 outbreak as a force majeure event in construction contracts. A qualitative approach consisting of two-step interdependent methods was done to highlight the fundamental elements of force majeure and to analyze whether the COVID-19 outbreak constitutes a force majeure event or not. Finally, a decision model was developed to assist the contracting parties in determining the COVID-19 outbreak potential as a force majeure event. This paper contributes since research related to the impacts of epidemic or pandemic outbreaks on the construction industry has not been intensified.

Modeling Runoff and Sediment Yield in Highly Gullied Regions of Kashmir using SWAT Model: A Case Study of Lolab Watershed Dar Sarvat Gull; Ayaz Mehmood Dar
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 3 (September 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Soil erosion in highly gullied regions of Kashmir valley is a serious global issue due to its impacts on economic productivity and environmental consequences such as land disintegration and one of the most affected areas is Lolab which is flood-prone and has witnessed several disastrous floods in the past. This means assessment of hydrological behavior should be highly prioritized and the most problematic sub-basins contributing to the erosion and excessive runoff identified to formulate and apply proper management strategies. This study integrated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with Arc software to simulate the runoff and sediment yield of Lolab Watershed. The method was applied due to its flexibility in inputting data requirements and the capability to model larger catchments and mountainous areas. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis showed the most sensitive four parameters for runoff estimation with the initial soil conservation service curve number II rated to be the highest and two others were found for sediment estimation with channel erodibility factor rated highest. The calibration of the values of these sensitive parameters led to the provision of reliable NashSutcliffe (NSE) and Coefficient of determination(R2) efficiencies which makes SWAT a good analyzing tool to assess the hydrological behavior of highly gullied region and un-gauged basins of Kashmir. These factors were found to be above 0.90 for both runoff and sediment yield and the sediment yield rates were estimated using SWAT at individual sub-basin levels after which a prioritization map was prepared to determine the most problematic sub-basins in the watershed.

Damage Probability Assessment of Hospital Buildings in Yogyakarta, Indonesia as Essential Facility due to an Earthquake Scenario Yunalia Muntafi; Nobuoto Nojima; Atika Ulfah Jamal
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 3 (September 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.53387

Indonesia is a country located in an earthquake-prone region, and is characterized by significantly increased peak ground acceleration value. The seismic hazard map of Indonesia stated in SNI 1726-2012 and the current statistics published by PUSGEN in 2017 emphasized on the significance of assessing building damage probabilities, especially for essential structures in Yogyakarta. However, immediate action is required to handle response and recovery operations during and after a disaster. The aim of this study, therefore, is to ascertain the vulnerability and damage probability of hospital buildings in Yogyakarta by employing the 2006 earthquake scenario, where reports showed the destruction of over 156,000 houses and other structures. Furthermore, a Hazard-US (HAZUS) method was used for structural analysis, while a ground motion prediction equation was adopted to produce the building response spectra, following the characteristics of the earthquake incidence. The vital step in this assessment involves building type classification and identification of seismic design levels. However, the damage tendency of buildings is determined using the peak building response, which ensures the generation of capacity curves. The most significant findings on building damage probability value were less than 15% in each damage state (slight, moderate, extensive, complete). In addition, the optimum value was achieved at the minimum level of damage (minor), while the least values were recorded at the highest damage level (complete).

The Estimation Modeling of Abutment Volume with Variations of Bridge Span, Abutment Height, and Seismic Zone Dicky Rahadian Mahendra; Andreas Triwiyono
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 7 No. 1 (January 2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.55280

The initial cost of a bridge project determined using an estimation model depends on the dimensions, types, and materials but only a few studies have included bridge location as a determinant variable. The inclusion of the location is, however, important due to the different seismic accelerations and seismic load analysis attached to it. Therefore, this study aimed to create a model to calculate the quantity of materials needed for the construction of abutment in different locations with a PCI-Girder superstructure. Moreover, the data used for the quantity estimation model was derived from the abutment design results and those associated with concrete and reinforcing steel quantities were based on the variations of the bridge span at 20 m, 25 m, 30 m, 35 m, and 40 m, abutment height at 4 m, 6 m, and 8 m, and seismic zone 1, 2, 3, and 4. Meanwhile, the volume estimation models were obtained through multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed a very strong correlation between the span of the bridge and the height of abutment with the dependent variables while the seismic zone was observed to have a strong correlation with the dependent variables but was unable to meet the linear regression assumptions. Therefore, the statistical analysis was conducted separately for each seismic zone and the data for abutment height was transformed from H into H2. This study developed 8 models with R2 values ranging between 0.983 – 0.997 and this means they were adequately designed to estimate abutment volumes with a PCI-Girder superstructure.

Page 19 of 23 | Total Record : 225

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