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Jurnal Konstitusi

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Published by Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

ISSN : 18297706 EISSN : 25481657 DOI : 10.31078

Core Subject : Education, Social,

Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

Jurnal Konstitusi merupakan media triwulanan guna penyebarluasan (diseminasi) hasil penelitian atau kajian konseptual tentang konstitusi dan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi terbit empat nomor dalam setahun (Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember). Jurnal Konstitusi memuat hasil penelitian atau kajian konseptual (hasil pemikiran) tentang konstitusi, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi serta isu-isu hukum konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan yang belum pernah dipublikasikan di media lain. Jurnal Konstitusi ditujukan untuk kalangan pakar, akademisi, praktisi, penyelenggara negara, LSM, serta pemerhati hukum konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan.

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Articles 896 Documents

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Pro-Kontra Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menguji Undang-Undang yang Mengatur Eksistensinya Tanto Lailam
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The Pro’s – Con’s of the Constitutional Court in the review of law in a regulated of the authority, since, it was a conflicting of procedural principles between “ius curia novit” with “nemo judex idoneus in propria causa”. Morever, the background by implication of Constitutional Court decisions, sometimes Constitutional Court making a “rule breaking”, for examples: nullify of some of law if had reduction of the authority, addition of constitutional authority to review of law before the 1945 Constitution amendment, additional authority to review of Government Regulation in lieu of law, and used non-constitution as a standard in the formal review, and others. On the other hand, the Constitutional Court also sometimes to choose a legal logic doesn’t precise and anti-accountability principle. The Conflicts of the procedural principles can be resolved by understanding philosophy of purposes of law (justice value, legal certainly, utility principle), so that, the Court will have been prioritizing to “ius curia novit” principle and it ignored “nemo judex idoneus in propria causa”principle, it is intended that the enforcement of the constitution (values) and the state of the Indonesian rule of law, as well as for the Court to aims decided of constitutional issues and to aim the protection of constitutional rights.

Problematika Presidential Threshold: Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pengalaman di Negara Lain Abdul Ghoffar
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 15, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Soal syarat minimal dukungan pencalonan presiden (presidential threshold) di Indonesia terus diperdebatkan, terutama soal konstitusionalitas dari persyaratan tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Putusan MK terkait persoalan presidential threshold sekaligus melihat apakah negara lain juga menerapkan sistem tersebut. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Kajian ini menyimpulkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, MK telah dua kali memutuskan konstitusionalitas ambang batas pencalonan presiden. Dalam putusan Nomor 51-52-59/PUU-VI/2008, MK menyatakan bahwa pengaturan ambang batas adalah open legal policy, yang kemudian dikuatkan kembali dalam Putusan Nomor 53/PUU-XV/2017. Kedua, di negara-negara yang menganut sistem presidensil, seperti Amerika, Brazil, Peru, Meksiko, Kolombia, dan Kyrgyzstan, ambang batas tidak dikenal. Mereka menerapkan sistem terbuka pencalonan tanpa dipersyaratkan dukungan. Meski demikian, sistem pemerintahan mereka juga tergolong stabil, seperti yang dicontohkan oleh Amerika Serikat.Dispute on presidential threshold required for the Presidential election in Indonesia remains intense, particularly in regard to the constitutionality of this requirement. This study examines decisions given by the Constitutional Court on the Presidential Threshold as well as analyses if other countries have applied a similar system. The method used in this study is juridical normative. It can be concluded that the Constitutional Court has made two decisions on the constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold. Stated on Decision Number 51-52-59/PUU-VI/2008, the Constitutional Court regarded the threshold requirement for the presidential election as an open legal policy, strengthened by Decision Number 53/PUU-XV/2017. Meanwhile, in other presidential countries such as United State of America (USA), Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Columbia, and Kyrgyzstan, there is no place for presidential threshold. They apply an open candidacy without setting any threshold of supports. Nevertheless, USA for example, has successfully demonstrated a stable form of the government under that system.

Dinamika Hubungan Antara Pengujian Undang-Undang dengan Pembentukan Undang-Undang Nurrahman Aji Utomo
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The development and implementation of a relationship leading to the birth of anomalous friction decision Judicial review to collide against the lawmaking function. The absence of a follow-up mechanism to cancel the decision of the norm, led to the birth anomaly judgment. Friction Judicial Review with Law making Function was born in the form of vague and superficial to the lack of follow-up mechanisms. Efforts to reduce the friction between the two of them was done to achieve the ideal relationship between judicial review with lawmaking function.

Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase oleh Pengadilan dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 15/PUU-XII/2014 Iza Rumesten RS
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 14, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Kewenangan pengadilan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa melalui arbitrase antara lain, putusan arbitrase harus didaftarkan di Pengadilan Negeri. Menurut Mahkamah, Penjelasan Pasal 70 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (UU AAPS) menambah norma baru dan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Pasal 70 UU AAPS tersebut sudah cukup jelas (expressis verbis), yang justru menimbulkan multi tafsir adalah penjelasan pasal tersebut sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum yang adil. Mahkamah menyatakan bahwa, Penjelasan Pasal 70 UU AAPS bertentangan dengan Pasal 28 ayat (1) UUD 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan mengikat. Dengan adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 15/PUU-XII/2014, bagi para pihak yang tidak puas terhadap putusan arbitrase mempunyai peluang yang lebar untuk dapat pengajukan permohonan pembatalan putusan arbitrase tanpa harus dibuktikan terlebih dahulu di Pengadilan. Hak para pihak untuk mengajukan permohonan pembatalan putusan arbitrase sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 70 UU AAPS dapat dikesampingkan berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama para pihak. Dengan demikian putusan arbitrase yang merupakan mahkota seorang Arbiter tidak mudah “tercabik” oleh suatu kepentingan. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 15/PUU-XII/2014 harus diapresiasi dan secepatnya direspon oleh pembentuk undang-undang untuk merevisi UU No. 30 Tahun 1999 terkait dengan mekanisme pembatalan putusan arbitrase setelah adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut.The jurisdiction of the court in the process of resolving disputes through arbitration among other arbitral rulings shall be registered in the district court. According to the Court, the Explanation of Article 70 of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution (Act AAPS) adds new norms and creates legal uncertainty. Article 70 of the AAPS Act is quite clear (expressis verbis), the thing which leads to multiple interpretations is an explanation of the article so that this rises fair legal uncertainty. It stated that, Explanation of Article 70 of AAPS Law is contrary to Article 28 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution and has no binding force. By the decision of the Constitutional CourtNumber 15/PUUXII/2014, for the parties which are not satisfied with the arbitration decision, this provides wide opportunities to pursue cancellation request of arbitral decision without having been proofed in court. The rights of the parties to apply for the cancellation of an arbitral award under Article 70 of AAPS Law may be waived by mutual agreement of the parties. Thus the arbitration award which is the crown of an arbitrator does not easily "torn apart" by an interest.Constitutional Court decision should be appreciated and quickly responded to by the legislators to revise Law No. 30, 1999 related to the cancellation mechanism arbitration decision after the decision of the Constitutional Court.

Harapan Baru Atas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air terkait Putusan MK Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013 Izzatin Kamala
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The Decision of Constitutional Court No.85/PUU-XI/2013 (The Decision of CC 2013) has canceled Law No. 7 Year 2004 on Water Resources (Law on WR 2014). The cancellation is a new hope for improving the management of water resources. During the implementation of Law WR 2004, there is mismanagement in the provision of drinking water. This paper has two focus issues, namely: first, how the low responsibility of the state for managing water resources impacts the fulfillment of drinking water for the citizens? Second, how are the improvements of water resources management expected to be realized through the Decision of CC 2013? From the discussion, the author has two conclusions. First, the negligence of the state caused that the role of the state in providing drinking water for the citizens was lost by the role of private sector. For example, a year before judicial review (2012), the number of consumers of drinking water supplied by the national sector in in the counting unit of household level is only the part of 11.79 percent. The number was lost by the supply of private sector covering 38.85 percent of households nationally. Second, the Decision of CC 2013 brings a new hope. Some basic thought are the improvement of state’s responsibility for managing water resources, termination on the private’s monopoly and termination on commercialization of water value.

Penetapan Harga Eceran Tertinggi Komoditas Pangan sebagai Hak Konstitusional dalam Perspektif Negara Kesejahteraan Isharyanto Isharyanto
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 15, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang penetapan harga eceran tertinggi sebagai intervensi pemerintah untuk mewujudkan hak konstitusional atas kedaulatan pangan dalam perspektif Negara Kesejahteraan. Pangkal argumentasi adalah ketersediaan pangan yang cukup akan menentukan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan stabilitas sosial politik sebagai prasyarat untuk melaksanakan pembangunan. Pangan merupakan variabel penting yang bisa digunakan untuk memperkuat basis material negara, sebagai sarana menjalankan fungsi reproduksi sosial sekaligus penentu keberlangsungan hidup sebuah bangsa. Dengan memperhatikan peraturan perundang-undangan, pemerintah mempunyai pedoman dalam menetapkan kebijakan harga dengan tujuan untuk stabilisasi harga termasuk terhadap komoditas pangan. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, yang merupakan sebuah penelitian yang mengkaji studi dokumen, yakni menggunakan berbagai data sekunder seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, teori hukum, dan dapat berupa pendapat para sarjana. Hasil eceran tertinggi merupakan perbuatan pemerintah (bestuurhandeling) sebagai salah satu contoh intervensi negara dalam rangka mewujudkan hak konstitusional atas kedaulatan pangan. Kebijakan tersebut bertujuan menstabilkan harga pangan, mengurangi ketidakpastian petani, dan menjamin konsumen. Dalam hal ini, setiap warga negara akan memperoleh pangan yang cukup dengan harga yang wajar.This paper discusses the determination of the highest retail price as a government intervention to realize the constitutional right to food sovereignty in the perspective of the Welfare State. The basis of the argument is that sufficient food availability will determine the quality of human resources and socio-political stability as a prerequisite for carrying out development. Food is an important variable that can be used to strengthen the country's material base, as a means of carrying out the function of social reproduction as well as determining the survival of a nation. By paying attention to the laws and regulations, the government has guidelines in setting price policies with the aim of stabilizing prices including food commodities.The discussion was conducted using normative legal research, which is a study that examines the study of documents, namely using various secondary data such as legislation, court decisions, legal theories, and can be in the form of opinions of scholars.The results of the discussion show that the government's actions in determining the highest retail price are the government's actions (bestuurhandeling) as one example of state intervention in order to realize the constitutional rights to food sovereignty. The policy aims to stabilize food prices, reduce farmers' uncertainty, and guarantee consumers. In this case, every citizen will get enough food at a reasonable price.

Pola Penafsiran Konstitusi dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Periode 2003 - 2008 dan 2009 - 2013 Winda Wijayanti
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 14, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Artikel ini berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang mengangkat permasalahan bagaimana pola penafsiran konstitusi putusan-putusan MK dalam perkara Pengujian Undang- Undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat, penelitian ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau juga disebut sebagai penelitian normatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah; (1) tidak semua pertimbangan hukum putusan MK dalam perkara pengujian Undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar memberikan penafsiran terhadap ketentuan UUD 1945 yang menjadi batu uji; (2) penafsiran yang digunakan dalam putusan MK pada umumnya adalah penafsiran originalis;(3) Hanya ada tiga putusan yang menggunakan penafsiran non originalis dengan pendekatan doktrin dan hukum alam, serta pendekatan etik; dan (4) tidak terdapat hubungan terpola antara metode penafsiran yang digunakan dengan bidang hukum ketentuan konstitusi maupun periodesasi hakim konstitusi.

Pembatasan Perubahan Bentuk Negara Kesatuan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dalam Perspektif Constitution Making Rachmad Safa'at; Indah Dwi Qurbani
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 15, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Tulisan ini diarahkan untuk melihat tentang Pembatasan Perubahan atas Bentuk Negara Kesatuan Indonesia yang dituangkan dalam Pasal 37 Ayat (5) UUD 1945 sebagai bagian dari konsep pembentukan suatu konstitusi (constitution making) yang pada prosesnya tetap mempertahankan Bentuk Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dan juga menetapkan sejak awal dalam Bab tentang Perubahan UUD 1945 dalam Pasal 5-nya untuk nantinya manakala ada perubahan haruslah mempertahankan Bentuk Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Hal ini tentu menjadi menarik jika dikaitkan dengan makna constitution making pembentukan konstitusi yang baik haruslah mempunyai tujuan salah satunya untuk semakin memperkuat persatuan nasional. Disisi tahapannya bahwa sebagai materi muatan perubahan UUD 1945, ternyata bahwa Bentuk Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia tetap dipertahankan dalam proses perubahan (agenda setting) melalui Kesepakatan Dasar dalam hal perubahan UUD 1945. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan sejarah hukum. Hasil penelitian dari tulisan ini dapat dilihat bahwa pembatasan perubahan bentuk NKRI terdapat tiga (3) aspek yang berkaitan dengan masalah tahapan atau proses perubahan UUD 1945 sebagai constitution making. Aspek pertama adalah bahwa pembatasan perubahan bentuk NKRI yang termuat dalam Kesepakatan Dasar adalah sebagai elemn-elemen atau hal yang dipertahankan dalam tahapan agenda setting. Aspek kedua adalah menjaga kontinuitas hukum dari bentuk NKRI yang sudah ada dalam UUD 1945 sebelum perubahan. Aspek ketiga adalah bahwa terhadap dampak atau konsekuensi hukumnya, bahwa Pasal 37 Ayat (5) UUD 1945 akan menempatkan bentuk NKRI sebagai elemen atau hal yang harus dimasukkan manakala ada perubahan UUD kelima tanpa harus melihat aspek kesejarahan sebagaimana dilakukan para perubahan pertama sampai keempat. Terakhir adalah bahwa dalam pandangan Yash Ghai, konsep pembatasan perubahan bentuk NKRI yang tertuang dalam Kesepakatan Dasar dan Pasal 37 Ayat (5) dapat dimaknai untuk menjaga dan mempertahankan persatuan nasional.This article attempts to analyse about restrictions to change the form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia that explained in Article Number 37 Paragraph (5) 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia as part of the concept of constitution making, that in the process, the form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia is still maintained. While in chapter about 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia changes Article 5 is stated that if there is changes, the form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia has to be maintained. There is something interesting if it is associated with the meaning of constution making itself, that it should has a purpose to strengthen national unity. In fact, as content of constitution of 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia change, the form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia is still maintained in agenda setting through basic agreement of 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia changes. Metodology ini this research used legasl research with historical approach perspective. In conclusion of this writings, stated that there is 3 aspects that related to the process of changes of 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia as the constitution making, in term of restrictions to change the form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia. First, restrictions to change the form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia that is implied in basic agreement act as elements that has to be maintained in process of agenda setting. Second, law continuity of form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia has to be kept, as implied in 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia before amendment. Third, form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia has to be included in fifth amendment as legal effect of Article 37 Paragraph (5) 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia without considering historical aspects as done in first to forth amendment. Lastly, in Yash Gai’s point of view, restrictions to change the form of Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia concept that is implied in Basic Agreement and Article 37 Paragraph (5) can be interpreted to keep and to maintain national unity.

Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai Negative Budgeter dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Nalom Kurniawan
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 14, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Doktrin Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) yang dahulu dipercaya hanya sebagai negative legislature telah bergeser menjadi positive legislature. Menjadi pertanyaan, apakah doktrin MK sebagai negative legislature maupun positive legislature, dapat pula dimaknai sebagai negative budgeter dan positive budgeter dalam pengujian Undang-Undang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (UU APBN). Berdasarkan hasil kajian konseptual dan pendalaman terhadap beberapa putusan MK dalam pengujian UU APBN, secara nyata dan dalam keadaan tertentu, doktrin MK sebagai negative legislature dapat dimaknai sebagai negative budgeter dalam bentuk pernyataan mata anggaran tertentu dalam UU APBN bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Bahkan dapat pula dimaknai sebagai positive budgeter karena MK juga mengharuskan pemerintah dan DPR untuk menambahkan mata anggaran tertentu dalam UU APBN. Hal tersebut tidak lain sebagai bentuk diakuinya supremasi konstitusi, sehingga MK yang berperan sebagai the guardian constitution harus menjaganya. Apalagi dalam UUD 1945 terdapat pasal yang spesifik menyebut batas minimal anggaran pendidikan 20% dan pasal-pasal lain yang mengharuskan APBN harus dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat.The doctrine of the Constitutional Court which was previously believed to be only as a negative legislature has shifted into positive legislature. The question, is the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as a negative legislature and a positive legislature can also be interpreted as a negative budgeter and a positive budgeter in the judicial review of the State Budget Law. Based on the result of conceptual study and deepening of several decisions of the Constitutional Court in the judicial review of the State Budget Law, in real and in certain circumtances, the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as a negative lagislature can be also interpreted as a negative budgetary in the form of specific budget items in the State Budget Law contradictory to the 1945 Constitution. Also as a positive budgeter because the Constitutional Court requires the executive and the legislative to add a specific budget in the State Budget Law. It is a form of recognition of constitutional supremacy, so that the Constitutional Court can role as the guardian constitution. Moreover in the 1945 Constitution there is a specific article that mentions the minimum limit of 20% education budget and other articles that require the state budget should be used for the greatest prosperity of the people.

Konstitusionalitas Badan Peradilan Khusus dan MK dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Hasil Pilkada Langsung Slamet Suhartono
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

In accordance with the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 97/PUU-XI/2013, the Constitutional Court is no longer authorized to resolve disputes on direct election results, because the provisions of Article 236C of Law Number 12 Year 2008 NRI are against the Constitution of 1945. Article 157 paragraph (1) Law No. 8 Year 2015 determines that the dispute settlement on direct election results become the authority of specialized judiciary. But before a specialized judiciary is formed, then the Constitutional Court is authorized to resolve disputes on direct election results. The authority of the Constitutional Court is the constitutional authority to fulfill temporary legal vacuum (rechtvakum). Therefore legislators should immediately establish a specialized judiciary which has the authority to resolve the disputes on direct election results.

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