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Jurnal Konstitusi

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Published by Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

ISSN : 18297706 EISSN : 25481657 DOI : 10.31078

Core Subject : Education, Social,

Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

Jurnal Konstitusi merupakan media triwulanan guna penyebarluasan (diseminasi) hasil penelitian atau kajian konseptual tentang konstitusi dan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi terbit empat nomor dalam setahun (Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember). Jurnal Konstitusi memuat hasil penelitian atau kajian konseptual (hasil pemikiran) tentang konstitusi, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi serta isu-isu hukum konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan yang belum pernah dipublikasikan di media lain. Jurnal Konstitusi ditujukan untuk kalangan pakar, akademisi, praktisi, penyelenggara negara, LSM, serta pemerhati hukum konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan.

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Articles 896 Documents

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Kebijakan Pengelolaan Air Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Air Muhammad Azil Maskur
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Mahkamah Konstitusi pada tanggal 18 Februari 2015 telah membacakan putusan perkara Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013 yang pada pokoknya membatalkan seluruh isi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air. Mahkamah juga memutuskan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1974 tentang pengairan berlaku kembali. Salah satu daerah yang terkena dampak langsung putusan tersebut adalah sumber air yang dikelola secara individu masyarakat kaki gunung muria di Kabupaten Kudus Jawa Tengah. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimana pengelolaan sumber daya air sebelum pembatalan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air di Kaki Gunung Muria Kabupaten Kudus?; (2) bagaimana model kebijakan ideal pengelolaan air pasca adanya pembatalan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air di Kaki Gunung Muria Kabupaten Kudus?. Untuk memecahkan kedua permasalahan tersebut, Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan sumber daya air sebelum pembatalan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air di Kaki Gunung Muria Kabupaten Kudus dilakukan oleh pemilik tanah dan tidak ada kompensasi terhadap masyarakat kecuali masyarakat meminta, dan sampai sekarang walaupun Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 telah dibatalkan Mahkamah Konstitusi, sistem pengelolaannya pun tidak berubah. Secara yuridis seharusnya ada perubahan yang mendasar terkait pengelolaan air dikarenakan setelah pembatalan UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2004, hak pengelolaan air dikembalikan ke negara sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Model ideal pengelolaan air pasca pembatalan undang-undang sumber daya air, adalah dikembalikan ke negara dalam hal ini masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah. Dibuat semacam Badan Usaha Milik Desa dimana saham dimiliki oleh masyarakat desa dan pemerintah daerah. Bagi pemilik tanah yang kebetulan ada sumber mata airnya, tidak boleh memiliki hak ekslusif atas manfaat sumber mata air tersebut.The Constitutional Court on February 18, 2015 has read out the case verdict Number 85/PUU-XI/2013, which basically annulled all contents in Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources. The Court also ruled that Law No. 11 of 1974 on irrigation will apply. One of the areas directly affected by the verdict was an individually managed water source in the community of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency, Central Java. The raised problems in this study were (1) how was the management of water resources before nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources at the foothills of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency? (2) what was the ideal model of water management policy after nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources at the foothills of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency? In order to solve these two problems, the researcher used a sociological juridical research method. The results represented that management of water resources prior to nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources at the foothill of Mount Muria in Kudus Regency was the one that the landowners have carried out and there was no compensation to the community unless there are requests from the community. And up to now even though Law Number 7 of 2004 has been annulled by the Constitutional Court, the management system did not change. In juridical there should be a fundamental change regarding water management because after the nullification of Law Number 7 of 2004, water management rights were returned to the state as mandated in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The ideal model of water management after nullification of Law on water resources was returned to the state, in this case is the community and local government. A kind of Village Owned Enterprise was generated in which the shares were owned by village communities and local government. For landowners who have sources of spring water, they may not have exclusive rights to the benefits of the source of the spring water.

Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional untuk Bebas dari Penyiksaan di Indonesia Rommy Patra
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 15, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Upaya mencegah dan menghapus praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia bukanlah persoalan yang mudah. Meski sudah meratifikasi Konvensi Menentang Penyiksaan dan mengakui hak untuk bebas dari penyiksaan sebagai HAM dan hak konstitusional, namun praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia masih juga berlangsung secara massif. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, pertama, faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan praktik penyiksaan masih terjadi di Indonesia? Kedua, upaya apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah dan menghapus praktik penyiksaan dalam memperkuat perlindungan HAM dan hak konstitusional untuk bebas dari penyiksaan di Indonesia? Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa, pertama, sejumlah faktor yang menyebabkan masih terjadinya praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia: (1) tidak adanya aturan hukum yang tegas dan memberikan sanksi yang berat kepada pelaku penyiksaan; (2) terinstitusionalisasinya praktik kekerasan dan penyiksaan di jajaran penegak hukum serta permisifnya masyarakat terhadap praktik tersebut; (3) mekanisme perlindungan dan pemberian kompensasi terhadap korban penyiksaan masih belum memadai. Kedua, perbaikan yang harus dilakukan mencakup: (1) adanya komitmen yang kuat dari pemerintah dengan membuat kebijakan penghapusan tindakan penyiksaan, seperti membuat Undang-Undang khusus menentang penyiksaan; (2) penataan institusi Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, TNI, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan serta lembaga-lembaga lainnya dengan meningkatkan pengawasan, memberikan sanksi yang tegas dan dilakukannya proses hukum jika masih terdapat praktik penyiksaan yang dilakukan. Selain itu perlu diberikan pendidikan HAM bagi personil institusi-institusi tersebut; (3) meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat agar memiliki kesadaran untuk melawan setiap praktik kekerasan dan penyiksaan; (4) mengoptimalkan peranan lembaga seperti Komnas HAM dan LPSK untuk memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan terhadap korban. (5) harus adanya pemenuhan terhadap hak-hak korban yang menjadi korban dari praktik penyiksaan.Efforts to prevent and eliminate the practice of torture in Indonesia are not easy. Although it has ratified the Convention Against Torture and recognizes the right for freedom from torture as human rights and constitutional rights, the practice of torture in Indonesia is still massive. The problem is, what factors cause the practice of torture to still occur in Indonesia? Then what efforts should be made to prevent and eliminate the practice of torture in strengthening human rights protection and constitutional rights for freedom from torture in Indonesia? The approach used in this study is the statute approach, case approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study show a number of factors that leads to the practice of torture in Indonesia: (1) the absence of strict legal rules and severe sanctions for perpetrators of torture; (2) institutionalization of the practice of violence and torture in the ranks of law enforcement as well as the permissiveness of the community towards the practice; (3) the mechanism for protecting and providing compensation to victims of torture is still inadequate. The improvements that must be made include: (1) a strong commitment from the government by making a policy of abolishing acts of torture, such as making a special law against torture; (2) structuring of the Police, Prosecutor's Office, TNI, Correctional Institutions and other institutions by increasing supervision, providing strict sanctions and carrying out legal proceedings if there are still practices of torture carried out. In addition, it needs education of human rights for personnel of these institutions; (3) increasing community participation in order to have awareness to fight every practice of violence and torture; (4) optimizing the role of institutions such as Komnas HAM and LPSK to provide protection and assistance to victims. (5) there must be rights fulfillment to the victims who become the victims of the practice of torture.

Mewujudkan Keadilan Melalui Upaya Hukum Peninjauan Kembali pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi M. Lutfi Chakim
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The reconsideration is an extraordinary legal remedy to the decision of Court that have legally binding (inkracht van gewisjde). The Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 34/PUU-XI/2013 stated that extraordinary legal remedy aims to obtain justice and truth material, so the provisions of Article 268 paragraph (3) Criminal Procedure Code states that, “request reconsideration of a decision can only be done once only” contrary to the 1945 Constitution and does not have binding force. The decision of Constitutional Court raises the pros and cons, on one side there are statements that reconsideration more than once is an effort to protect the rights of the public in obtaining justice, but on the other side there are statements that reconsideration is more than once is a violation of the principle of legal certainty. After analyzing the decision of the Constitutional Court No. 34/PUU-XI/2013 it could be concluded that, first, the reconsideration is more than once in accordance with the public interest to obtain justice in law enforcement, because in obtaining justice and truth material can not be limited by time. Second, the decision of the Constitutional Court are final and binding, despite raises the pros and cons, then all are required to implement the decision of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the Supreme Court is expected to soon complete the Regulation of the Supreme Court about filing reconsideration in criminal cases by adjusting the decision of the Constitutional Court.

Kebebasan Hak Ijtihad Nikah Beda Agama Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Faiq Tobroni
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

This paper has three key issues. The first issue discusses the arguments constructed by applicant of judicial review (JR) to assess the constitutional rights’ violations caused by the application of Article 2 (1) UUP. The second issue discusses on how the Constitutional Court (MK) seated position of state associated marital affairs in the rejection of JR. The third issue discusses model of freedom of ijtihad (legal thought) on interfaith marriage as the impact of MK’s Decision. Based on the discussion, regarding to the first issue, the applicant of JR assess the application of Article 2 (1) UUP has legitimized the state as the sole interpreters of religious teachings for a requirement validity of the marriage. According to the applicant, the role is used by the state (The Office for Religious Affairs/KUA) to not accept interfaith marriage. This refusal led to the violation of some other constitutional rights. Furthermore, as the findings of the second issue, MK’s decision has placed the real position of state not as interpreters of religious teachings, but merely to accommodate the results of religious scholars’s ijtihad regarding marriage into the state law. Thus, it is not true that the state has violated the constitutional right to more intervene the religious life of citizens. Last findings as the third issue, MK’s decision has affected the model of ijtihad freedom on interfaith marriage. Actually interfaith marriage can still be served through the Civil Registry Office (KCS). KCS could be an alternative way to facilitate the interfaith marriages for all religions in Indonesia. Special for KUA, the institution reject to record interfaith marriage. In this way, it only accommodates freedom of ijtihad within the limits of ijtihad jama’i. KUA just accomodates ijtihad by institutions such as the Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah and other similar institutions that reject interfaith marriage. Special for marriage in muslim community, ijtihad jama’i is better than ijtihad fardiy because the second could trigger the liberalization of marriage laws (temporary marriages, polygamy more than four, underage marriages and denial of recording).

Ultra Petita dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Suwarno Abadi
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Ultra petita decision practiced under the MK’s jurisdiction to review the constitutionality of legislation needs to be assessed carefully. This practice should not be condemned as illegitimate because there is no explicit constitutional rule that guarantee it. The author therefore argues that this practice can be justified under two reasons. First, judicial activism. Second, the very nature of constitutional adjudication in order to defend the supremacy of the constitution over legislation. According to these reasons, the MK’s ultra petita decision should be upheld because this practice is the most reasonable means to protect the constitution.

Tindak Lanjut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang Bersifat Konstitusional Bersyarat Serta Memuat Norma Baru Mohammad Mahrus Ali; Meyrinda Rahmawaty Hilipito; Syukri Asy’ari
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The research is concerning the implementation of verdict stating conditionally constitutional, conditionally unconstitutional and and the verdicts that contain new norm decided by Constitutional Court in the case of judicial review of laws againts the 1945 Constitutions of The Republic of Indonesia. This is a juridical-normative research using secondary data in the form of primary law materials, namely the court decisions which are issued throughout the year 2003 up to the year 2012 that have been collected in previous research. This research aims to know the choice of form of law taken by the addressee of the Constitutional Court verdict in following up the three variant of verdicts mentioned above. The research found that the choice of the form of law in implementing the three variants of Constitutional Court verdict is very diverse. Referring to the form and substance of the implementing rules and regulations of the three variants of verdict, there are still some incoherence with the Constitutional Court verdict which is characterized by the presence of rejudicial review of norms that had been interpreted by the court. To address this problem, the Constitutional Court must be provided with legal instruments, among other, judicial order that enable the Constitutional Court to order by force the addressee to implement the Constitutional Court verdict. In addition, in order that to ensure the harmonization of legislation either vertically or horizontally as a result of the Constitutional Court verdict, then it is worth putting into consideration to expand the authority of the Constitutional Court to review all rules and legislation.

Gagasan Pemberian Legal Standing Bagi Warga Negara Asing dalam Constitutional Review Jefri Porkonanta Tarigan
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 15, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2-3/PUU-V/2007, perihal pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1997 tentang Narkotika diajukan oleh ketiga orang pelaku Bali Nine yang merupakan warga negara asing. Adapun Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam amar putusannya memutuskan bahwa permohonan pengujian yang diajukan oleh ketiga warga negara asing tersebut tidak dapat diterima (niet ontvankelijk verklaard), bahwa terhadap putusan ini terdapat dissenting opinion dari 4 (empat) orang Hakim Konstitusi berkaitan dengan kedudukan hukum (legal standing) pemohon berkewarganegaraan asing, yaitu Hakim Konstitusi Laica Marzuki, Achmad Roestandi, Harjono dan Maruarar Siahaan, yang pada intinya mengakui legal standing bagi ketiga warga negara asing tersebut. Dalam perspektif perbandingan, terdapat beberapa Mahkamah Konstitusi di dunia menerima permohonan constitutional review oleh warga negara asing, seperti halnya di Republik Ceko, Mongolia serta Republik Federal Jerman. Adapun tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggagas pemberian legal standing bagi warga negara asing dalam permohonan constitutional review di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Adapun tulisan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode penulisan normatif dengan pendekatan studi konseptual, pendekatan perbandingan dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian legal standing bagi warga negara asing dalam permohonan constitutional review di Mahkamah Konstitusi ke dalam Undang-Undang Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi terkait dapat dilakukan dengan melihat perspektif hak asasi manusia dan negara hukum.After The Constitutional Court Decision Number 2-3/PUU-V/2007 regarding the constitutional review of The Law Number 22 Year 1997 about Narcotics lodged by the three Bali Nine case of which they are foreign citizens. Based on the Decision of the Constitutional Court, the application from them was unacceptable (niet van ontvankelijk verklaard), that toward this decision there are dissenting opinion of 4 (four) constitution judges related to the legal standing of foreign citizens in the applicantion, they are Laica Marzuki, Achmad Roestandi, Harjono and Maruarar Siahaan. In essence, they are admitting legal standing for them in the case. Seen from the perspective comparison, there are several of the world constitutional courts accepting the constitutional review by those foreign citizens, such as Czech Republic, Mongolia and Federal Republic of Germany. This paper aims to analyze the idea for granting the legal standing for foreign citizens applicant of constitutional review in the Constitutional Court. This paper is created by using the normative legal writing method with conceptual approach, comparative approach, and statute approach. Through this paper is expected to has the idea for granting the legal standing of foreign citizens on constitutional review in the Constitutional Court into the Law of Constitutional Court and the Regulation of Constitutional Court based on human rights perspective and the country of law.

Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XIV/2016 bagi Orang Lom di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Reko Dwi Salfutra; Dwi Haryadi; Darwance Darwance
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XIV/2016 tentang Pengujian terhadap Undang-Undang Administrasi Kependudukan merupakan suatu bentuk regulasi yang dimunculkan untuk memberikan pengakuan dan perlindungan dalam kebebasan untuk memilih dan memeluk agama yang diyakini, termasuk bagi Orang Lom di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut serta persoalan yang mempengaruhinya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan: pertama, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut tidak dapat diimplementasi dalam pengisian kolom agama bagi Orang Lom dalam pembuatan Kartu Tanda Penduduk elektronik (KTP-el); kedua, terdapat berbagai faktor penyebab Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut tidak dapat diimplementasi, mulai dari persoalan regulasi turunan sebagai peraturan teknis, tidak dilakukannya sosialisasi, sistem aplikasi perekaman KTP-el, sampai pada persoalan budaya dan masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan suatu bentuk langkah konkret dan nyata yang dilakukan untuk mengakomodir persoalan pencantuman “penghayat kepercayaan” pada KTP-el bagi Orang Lom.The Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016 is a form of regulation that is raised to provide recognition and protection in the freedom to choose and embrace the religion that is believed, including for Orang Lom in Bangka Belitung. this paper is intended to examine the implementation of that Constitutional Court Decision and it’s legal problems. This research proved that: first, the Constitutional Court Decision cannot be implemented in filling out the religious column on the making electronic ID Card for Orang Lom. Second, there are various factors causing the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision, starting from the issue of derivative regulation as a technical regulation, the absence of sosialization, application systems, culture and society factors. Therefore, needed the concrete efforts to accommodate the issue of inclusion of trustees in the making of the electronic ID Card for Orang Lom.

Dinamika Konsepsi Penguasaan Negara Atas Sumber Daya Alam Ahmad Redi
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Discourse concerning state control concept on natural resources in Article 33 clause (3) of the 1945 Constitution is very dynamic. Such dynamic can be seen on a variety of conceptions of state control rights on natural resources formulated in various acts in natural resources area. Lack of single concept on ‘state control right’ will impact to unfavorable situation where natural resources shall escape from conception of state control right and into control not by the state. The Constitutional Court as the Guardian and Interpreter of the Constitution has a significant role to ascertain that an act in natural resources area really adopt the principle of state control on natural resources in Indonesia. This article analyzes on dynamics of conception of state control on natural resources in various acts and the role of the Constitutional Court in guarding and interpreting acts in natural resources in order to be in accordance with Article 33 clause (3) of the 1945 Constitution. From the result of analysis a conclusion is achieved that there are many different concepts of state control on natural resources in various acts in natural resources area. The Constitutional Court indeed has made interpretation on state control right. In order to make the conception stronger it is necessary to have an act in natural resources area as instruction of Article 33 clause (5) of the 1945 Constitution that further provisions of Article 33 shall be regulated by an act. Moreover, DPR (The House of Representatives) and the Government have to make certain or definite the concept of state control right in every draft bill of natural resources area so that liberalism and capitalism stream will not erode the principle of state control right.

Eksekusi Barang Rampasan Hasil Tindak Pidana Kehutanan Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 021/PUU-III/2005 Eddy Rifai; Rakhmat Triyono
Jurnal Konstitusi Vol 12, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

This study examines the execution of the judgment against the spoils of crime in forestry. Research using normative juridical approach and empirical jurisdiction. Execution of judgments against the state spoils of criminal offenses in the field of forestry, the injunction decision declared goods confiscated for the state not to do execution the form of an auction, because of legislation prohibiting the sale of forest products obtained from crime in protected forests. Perspective execution of court decisions to loot the proceeds of crime in the field of forestry is to judge using breakthrough progressive law, the court ruled that the injunction which reads "Evidence confiscated to the state and used for social purposes".

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