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Fish Community Structure in The Coastal Mangrove Ecosystem of Cemara Kulon Village Indramayu Regency, Indonesia Titin Herawati; Muhamad Pauwwaz; Zahidah Zahidah; Izza Mahdiana Apriliani; Ayi Yustiati
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.34123

The mangrove ecosystem of Cemara Kulon Village has the potential for fishery resources which has decreased in line with various anthropogenic activities. This study aims to determine the composition of fish and analyze the status of the fish community structure and its relation to the physical-chemical aspects of the waters in the mangrove ecosystem of Cemara Kulon Village. This research was conducted over a period of three months in the mangrove ecosystem of Cemara Kulon Village. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative purposive and composite sampling at 3 research stations. Parameters observed in this study were relative abundance, diversity, uniformity, dominance, and the relationship between community structure and aquatic physico-chemical parameters. During the study, 508 fish were caught, consisting of 20 species from 16 families. The value of diversity was in the moderate category with a ranged of 1.87-2.50; the uniformity value was in the moderate category with a ranged of 0.41-0.46 and the dominance value was in the low category with a ranged of 0.11-0.22. Based on the results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that fish diversity was affected by light transparency and DO, the uniformity of fish was affected by temperature, and the dominance of fish was affected by ammonia. The fish community structure was categorized as unstable which was influenced by water quality.

Effect of Black Soldier Fly Frass (BSFF) on The Growth and Yield of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Rizki Nor Amelia; Amnan Haris; Putri Dinda Muliana; Istiqomah Ifnan Fauziyyah; Tiara Damayanti; Jauha Khoirun Nisa; Zahra Rafidah
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.33656

Cayenne pepper is a leading horticultural commodity in Indonesia. However, the productivity and quality produced have not met market expectations. One of the contributing factors is the low quality of the soil. For this reason, switching from inorganic fertilizers to organic fertilizers, such as Black Soldier Fly Frass (BSFF), is necessary because it can provide several nutrients that are crucial in improving the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this study, the formulation of BSFF was tested for its impact on cayenne pepper's growth response and yield. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments with three repetitions, namely P1 (100 grams of BSFF biofertilizer), P2 (250 grams of BSFF biofertilizer), and P3 (500 grams of BSFF biofertilizer). The results showed an interaction between doses of BSFF biofertilizer on plant height, physical conditions (color and size), number, and wet weight of cayenne pepper; which P3 gave the most optimal growth response and yield. In contrast to these results, all treatments reduced vitamin C to the high level of N nutrients in BSFF biofertilizer. Therefore, further research is needed to find the right dosage (below 100 grams/500 grams of media) so that cayenne pepper has a high vitamin C.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Obesity Activities of Ethanolic Extract from Microalgae Strain MRB-2 Dwi Ni’maturrohmah; Cici Darsih; Hani Susanti; Noor Hidhayati; Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih; Sri Handayani; Rizal Maulana Hasby; Marlyn Dian Laksitorini
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.30385

Obesity has a 15-fold higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Microalga isone of the natural resources that potentially treat obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant, and anti-obesity properties of ethanolic extract of microalgae strain MRB-2. The TPC was determined using the Follin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, and the anti-obesity was analyzed using an anti-lipase pancreatic assay. The morphology of microalga cells was also determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the TPC of ethanolic extract from the ultrasound extraction method was higher than the maceration method with the value of 2.75±0.26 mg GAE/g. While the scavenging activity toward DPPH radicals of ethanolic extract from the maceration method was higher than ultrasound, with a value of 38.92±1.94% at 0.8 mg/mL. The lipase inhibitory activity of extract from the maceration method was higher than ultrasound with a value of 20.81±2.24% at 0.38 mg/mL. Our results indicate that ethanolic extract of MRB-2 was potentially developed for anti-obesity foods and health-functional foods derived from new peatland microalgae.

Propagation of Cardamom (Amomum compactum) Using Vitamin B1, Indole Butyric Acid and Their Combinations Ex Vitro Azka Mutiara Salsabila; Lukita Devy; Dasumiati Dasumiati
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.33327

Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to enhance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters.

Relation of Soil Physical Parameters and Dominant Vegetation with Infiltration Capacity in Latuppa Sub-Watershed Palopo Indonesia Witno Witno; Yumna Yumna; Abdul Rahim
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.30580

The inflitration capacity is the soil’s ability to accommodate water that seeps into the soil, reducing surface runoff that will cause flooding, such as in the downstream area of Palopo city. This study aimed to determine the influence of dominant vegetation and soil physical characteristics on infiltration in the upstream area of the Latuppa Sub-Das, Mungkajang District, Palopo city. Data collection was carried out by direct observation in the 2yumnaunanda588@gmail.com field in a purposive manner in 10 plots, which represent the condition of vegetation in the upstream area of the Latuppa watershed, and each plot consisted of 3 replications to observe infiltration and soil samples. The data were analyzed via the rational method, the Horton method, and vegetation index analysis. Additionally, the data were analyzed via simple linear regression and multiple regression analysis to determine the influence of the dominant vegetation and physical characteristics of the soil on the infiltration capacity. The highest infiltration capacity was found in plot 10, with an infiltration capacity of 107.5 mm/minute (6,450 mm/hour) and an average infiltration rate of 0.4 mm/minute (24 mm/hour). The dominant vegetation cover is Cananga odorata, with a vegetation index value of 78.41%. Plot 10 has a height of 362.79 masl, a gentle slope, a crumbly soil structure, a clay sand texture, a very high soil density and 2.10% organic matter. Based on observations and data analysis, the factors that influence the infiltration capacity in the upstream area of the Latuppa subwatershed are vegetation conditions, altitude, slope and physical properties of the soil.

Screening Mycelium of Macrofungi Isolates in Tahura Djuanda Bandung As A New Candidate for Biomaterial Inneke Andita Putri Laoli; Asri Peni Wulandari; Ulyaa Rachmawati; Dwi Ramadhani Sukmana; Annisa Handayani Dewi; Nia Rossiana
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.30021

Abstract. Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to enhance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters. HTML Source code: Abstract. Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to enhance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters. Chat GPT: Abstract. Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to enhance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters. Abstract. Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to enhance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters. <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Abstract</title><style> p { text-align: justify; }</style></head><body> Abstract. Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to enhance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters. </body></html> Abstract. Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is an aromatic spice plant with numerous benefits, widely used in cooking, medicine, and beverages. The high demand for cardamom remains unmet due to the lengthy germination period required for cardamom seeds and the inability of cardamom shoots to thrive when planted independently from the mother plant. The presence of the mother plant significantly impacts cardamom nurseries utilizing shoots, making it challenging to obtain large quantities of nursery transplants. Growth stimulants, such as vitamin B1 and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), are required to enhance vegetative growth in plants. Vitamin B1 (IPI brand) is applied due to its ease of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, IBA is utilized for its accessibility, stable chemical content, and prolonged efficacy. This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of vitamin B1, IBA, and their combination to enhance the growth of mother and tiller shoots of cardamom ex vitro. The research employed a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, with vitamin B1 concentrations of 21.5% and 43% and IBA concentrations of 0.75 ppm and 150 ppm. The treatment V1I1 (vitamin B1 21.5% and IBA 75 ppm) on mother plant shoots maintained a survival rate of 67% up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The interaction between vitamins B1 and IBA exhibited no significant effect on all parameters of mother shoots and tillers; however, vitamin B1 significantly influenced the vegetative growth of cardamom mother shoots. Vitamin B1 at 43% produced a significantly higher number of leaves compared to 21.5%. Thus, vitamin B1 at 43% is recommended for cardamom propagation, while vitamin B1 at 21.5% has the potential to enhance the average growth of tiller shoots across all parameters. Abstract. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is considerably more prevalent than other forms (85–90%). The risk of type 2 diabetes is higher in women (53.2%). There is an urgent requirement for better and more affordable treatment options considering DM therapy is expensive and may have adverse health effects. The study's objective is to examine how acute toxicity, blood glucose levels, and body weight are affected by Moringa leaf ethanol extract (MLEE). Maceration was employed to eliminate the leaves of the moringa plant. Phytochemical screening was completed to assess the total flavonoid content and screen for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Acute toxicity testing was performed following OECD guideline 423. Clinical symptoms of acute toxicity were observed every 30 minutes for the first 24 hours post-treatment, followed by observations every 24 hours up to 14 days. The estimated LD50 range was determined. Streptozotocin/ nicotinamide-induced female Mus musculus was administered to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of MLEE. Six groups of mice were utilized, which included a healthy control group (aquades not induced), a negative control group (induced aquades), a positive control group (induced glimepiride 0.8 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups with varying dosages of MLEE (induced; 0, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW). A semi-auto chemical analyzer was employed on days 0 through 31 to determine blood glucose levels. An analytical digital balance was utilized to calculate the body weight. With a total flavonoid concentration of 20.75%, MLEE incorporated alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. MLEE demonstrated a significant effect in lowering blood glucose levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation has been identified between body weight and blood glucose levels (P<0.05). Soil arthropods play an important role in nutrient cycling and maintenance of soil structure. Thus, their abundance and diversity can indicate the biological quality of the soil. Due to different soil management practices, arthropods are also very sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of soil arthropods and the environmental factors that support the abundance of soil arthropods in terrestrial of Situ Lengkong Panjalu, West Java, Indonesia. The methods used to obtain samples of soil arthropods are pitfall trap. Soil arthropod data were analyzed to determine the Shannon diversity index (H'), Margalef richness index (R), and Evenness index (E). The effect of abiotic environmental factors was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 1263 arthropods were found in Situ Lengkong Panjalu, belonging to 11 orders, 24 families, and 32 morphospecies. The current work determined the scores of H'= 2.08, R = 3,08, and E = 0.72 of soil arthropods in Situ Lengkong Panjalu, West Java, Indonesia. Results revealed that humidity is one such environmental parameter affecting the presence of soil arthropods in Situ Lengkong Panjalu, West Java, Indonesia. This research can be used as a guide in validating and conservation of the habitat of soil arthropod species on West Java Obesity has a 15-fold higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Microalga isone of the natural resources that potentially treat obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant, and anti-obesity properties of ethanolic extract of microalgae strain MRB-2. The TPC was determined using the Follin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, and the anti-obesity was analyzed using an anti-lipase pancreatic assay. The morphology of microalga cells was also determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the TPC of ethanolic extract from the ultrasound extraction method was higher than the maceration method with the value of 2.75±0.26 mg GAE/g. While the scavenging activity toward DPPH radicals of ethanolic extract from the maceration method was higher than ultrasound, with a value of 38.92±1.94% at 0.8 mg/mL. The lipase inhibitory activity of extract from the maceration method was higher than ultrasound with a value of 20.81±2.24% at 0.38 mg/mL. Our results indicate that ethanolic extract of MRB-2 was potentially developed for anti-obesity foods and health-functional foods derived from new peatland microalgae. Talinum paniculatum Jacq (Gaertn), locally known as Javanese Ginseng, is an essential medicinal plant characterized by high flavonoid content with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Compared to other natural sources, a larger number of T. paniculatum leaves is required to obtain high amounts of flavonoid for drug development. In this context, in vitro culture can be used to increase flavonoid production in a controlled condition without reducing plant population. The concentration of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) is capable of influencing biomass and flavonoid accumulation in callus culture from several species. Despite these benefits, there is limited information about the optimal concentration of PGRs for flavonoid production from T. paniculatum callus culture. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the optimum concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin for callus growth, as well as flavonoid production from T. paniculatum. The investigation was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD), where young leaves explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1, 2) mg/L and kinetin (0, 0.5, 1, 2) mg/L for callus and flavonoid production. The results showed that the highest callus biomass of 0.105 g was produced from MS medium with 2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 1 mg/L of kinetin. Meanwhile, the highest total flavonoid content of 25.66 mg QE/g DW was produced from media supplemented with 1 mg/Lof 2,4-D and 2 mg/L of kinetin. These results showed that different combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin were required to increase biomass and flavonoid production. In conclusion, this study provided valuable information for the development of bioactive compounds through in vitro culture. The mistletoe (Scurrula ferruginea) is a parasitic plant obtaining nutrients and water from host plants at Nglinggo tea plantation, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Despite the numerous benefits of Scurrula ferruginea leaf, substantiation regarding its pharmacological activity is still lacking. Therefore, this research aimed to identify Scurrula ferruginea species and obtain secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity. The experiment was carried out by extracting Scurrula ferruginea leaf using maceration methods with 96% ethanol, followed by qualitatively and quantitatively phytochemical screening, inhibitory zone test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test. Several compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids, were identified in the mistletoe extract. The results showed total flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin levels were 7.41 ± 0.38 mg QE/mg, 1672 ± 50.99 mg GAE/g, and 1.43 ± 0.15 mg TAE/g, respectively. Scurrula ferruginea leaf ethanolic extract showed the potential to form an inhibition zone against S. aureus in the moderate category at 525 mg/mL, but no significant activity was observed against E. coli. The MIC results of Scurrula ferruginea leaf ethanolic extract against S. aureus were 0.6%, and the MBC was at 2.4%. Furthermore, the MIC value against E. coli was 14%, and the MBC value was 28%. Based on these results, it could be concluded that Scurrula ferruginea leaf ethanolic extract showed high effectiveness in inhibiting and killing S. aureus bacteria compared to E. coli, with MIC and MBC values of 0.6% and 2.4%, respectively Grand Forest Park (Tahura) Ir. H. Djuanda, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia is a secondary nature conservation area rich in biodiversity, including macrofungi which has not been widely studied. The research aims to isolate, characterize its morphology and screen its potential as a biomaterial source based on the growth of macrofungal mycelium. The research was carried out using an exploration method at three sampling locations: Maribaya (trail area), Goa Jepang (cave area), and Curug Koleang (waterfall area). The obtained macrofungi were isolated and identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics and coded based on the location and number of isolates. A comparative evaluation was carried out by one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the average mycelial growth of the macrofungal isolates for 9 days on PDA. The results showed that there was a total of 62 species of macrofungi from three locations: 22 isolates from the Maribaya (MB) area, 18 isolates from the Goa Jepang (GJP) area, and 22 isolates from the Curug Koleang (CK) area. The isolates that showed the highest mycelium length and represented each research area were shown by MB-07 (63.98 ± 1.21 mm), GJP-01 (81.47 ± 0.41 mm) and CK-13 (72.14 ± 1.20 mm). Isolate GJP-01 from the Goa Jepang area has the potential to become a superior fungus in its ability to expand mycelium should be developed for mycelium-based material applications. Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Stevia) is used in the commercial and health industries because of its steviol glycosides (stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C) and flavonoids. Polyploidy induction of stevia plants using oryzalin was held to increase the diversity and produce superior varieties. This research aims to obtain stevia diversity with different characteristics from its diploid. The Tawangmangu variety of stevia seedlings was experimentally designed using a completely random design. Nine combinations of oryzalin concentrations (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5μM) and immersion times (4, 6, and 8 hours) treatments were applied to 15 stevia seedlings each. Stevia without treatment was used as a control. Treatments were applied directly to the shoots on the second internode from the tip. Observations on target shoots included the number of survivors, morphological variables (height, number of internodes, internode length, leaf size, leaf thickness, stem diameter, and leaf color), stomata, and plant ploidy level. Data analysis on the number of live plants used frequency and descriptively. Morphological data consisting of plant height, number of shoots, number of internodes, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, and stem diameter were analyzed using boxplot graphs and descriptive to describe the diversity of M1 stevia treatment results. Leaf color and stomata were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that up to 3.5μM concentrations of oryzalin and 6 hours of immersion time were safe to use as a mutation agent with above 67% survival rate. Various oryzalin treatments of Tawangmangu stevia varieties yielded polyploidy morphological growth indications in height, number of internodes, internode length, stem diameter, leaf size, leaf thickness, leaf color, stomata, and stem diameter. In addition, there are growth variations such as chimeras, rosettes, and leaf splitting. However, further flow cytometry tests showed that oryzalin concentration and immersion duration directly on the vegetative material did not produce polyploid stevia individuals.

In Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91 in Inhibiting Candida albicans Rina Hidayati Pratiwi; Endang Sulistyaniningsih; Jumadi Jepri
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.32147

Futoamide, Gentialutine, Gentiabetine, 1-[(2E,4E)-2,4-dec- adienoyl] pyrrolidine, Lycopodine, Dihydro-lycopodine are bioactive compounds that can be obtained Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91. Previous research results indicate that P. azotoformans extract- ed with dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate have antican- didal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. C. albicans is considered to become an opportunistic pathogen and well-known as the main cause of candidiasis. This study aims to determine the mech- anism of inhibition of bioactive compounds from P. azotoformans UICC B-91 on the growth of C. albicans using the molecular docking method. Docking was carried out using the targeted (Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase and Glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase) dock- ing method with an exhausted parameter of 50. The size of the grid- box was adjusted to the position of the amino acid residues based on predictions of binding sites using PrankWeb. The docking results were obtained in the form of binding affinity resulting from the inter- action of the compound with the protein. Results showed that the three sample compounds had the potential to form strong and stable bonds with both protein targets with only two ligands show a binding energy value of less than -7 kcal/mol. In addition, the speed and stability of the bond between the sample and the target protein cannot exceed control ligands, thus it can be predicted the structure of ligand. Fu- toamide, 1-[(2E,4E)-2,4-decadienoyl] pyrrolidine, Lycopodine, and Dihydrolycopodine had binding potential with Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase. For Glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase, only Fu- toamide had the potential to form stable and strong bonds that similar to the control. It can be concluded that the futoamide, one of ligand from P. azotoformans compounds has the potential as a multitarget inhibitor of the two C. albicans proteins, because it has various affini- ties and interaction stability for Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase and Glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase.

Diversity and Abundance of Soil Arthropods in Terrestrial Area of Situ Lengkong Panjalu, West Java, Indonesia Bahana Aditya Adnan; Tiktiek Kurniawati; Manap Trianto
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.33980

Soil arthropods play an important role in nutrient cycling and maintenance of soil structure. Thus, their abundance and diversity can indicate the biological quality of the soil. Due to different soil management practices, arthropods are also very sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of soil arthropods and the environmental factors that support the abundance of soil arthropods in terrestrial of Situ Lengkong Panjalu, West Java, Indonesia. The methods used to obtain samples of soil arthropods are pitfall trap. Soil arthropod data were analyzed to determine the Shannon diversity index (H'), Margalef richness index (R), and Evenness index (E). The effect of abiotic environmental factors was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 1263 arthropods were found in Situ Lengkong Panjalu, belonging to 11 orders, 24 families, and 32 morphospecies. The current work determined the scores of H'= 2.08, R = 3,08, and E = 0.72 of soil arthropods in Situ Lengkong Panjalu, West Java, Indonesia. Results revealed that humidity is one such environmental parameter affecting the presence of soil arthropods in Situ Lengkong Panjalu, West Java, Indonesia. This research can be used as a guide in validating and conservation of the habitat of soil arthropod species on West Java

Stevia Local Tawangmangu Generation M1 Result of Oryzalin Treatment Dian Susanti; Parjanto Parjanto; Sari Haryanti
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.31634

Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Stevia) is used in the commercial and health industries because of its steviol glycosides (stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C) and flavonoids. Polyploidy induction of stevia plants using oryzalin was held to increase the diversity and produce superior varieties. This research aims to obtain stevia diversity with different characteristics from its diploid. The Tawangmangu variety of stevia seedlings was experimentally designed using a completely random design. Nine combinations of oryzalin concentrations (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5μM) and immersion times (4, 6, and 8 hours) treatments were applied to 15 stevia seedlings each. Stevia without treatment was used as a control. Treatments were applied directly to the shoots on the second internode from the tip. Observations on target shoots included the number of survivors, morphological variables (height, number of internodes, internode length, leaf size, leaf thickness, stem diameter, and leaf color), stomata, and plant ploidy level. Data analysis on the number of live plants used frequency and descriptively. Morphological data consisting of plant height, number of shoots, number of internodes, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, and stem diameter were analyzed using boxplot graphs and descriptive to describe the diversity of M1 stevia treatment results. Leaf color and stomata were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that up to 3.5μM concentrations of oryzalin and 6 hours of immersion time were safe to use as a mutation agent with above 67% survival rate. Various oryzalin treatments of Tawangmangu stevia varieties yielded polyploidy morphological growth indications in height, number of internodes, internode length, stem diameter, leaf size, leaf thickness, leaf color, stomata, and stem diameter. In addition, there are growth variations such as chimeras, rosettes, and leaf splitting. However, further flow cytometry tests showed that oryzalin concentration and immersion duration directly on the vegetative material did not produce polyploid stevia individuals.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on Biomass and Flavonoid Production of Talinum paniculatum Callus Culture Sarah Mega Pratenna Kaban; Ratih Restiani; Dwi Aditiyarini
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 9, No 1 (2024): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v9i1.33788

Talinum paniculatum Jacq (Gaertn), locally known as Javanese Ginseng, is an essential medicinal plant characterized by high flavonoid content with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Compared to other natural sources, a larger number of T. paniculatum leaves is required to obtain high amounts of flavonoid for drug development. In this context, in vitro culture can be used to increase flavonoid production in a controlled condition without reducing plant population. The concentration of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) is capable of influencing biomass and flavonoid accumulation in callus culture from several species. Despite these benefits, there is limited information about the optimal concentration of PGRs for flavonoid production from T. paniculatum callus culture. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the optimum concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin for callus growth, as well as flavonoid production from T. paniculatum. The investigation was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD), where young leaves explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1, 2) mg/L and kinetin (0, 0.5, 1, 2) mg/L for callus and flavonoid production. The results showed that the highest callus biomass of 0.105 g was produced from MS medium with 2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 1 mg/L of kinetin. Meanwhile, the highest total flavonoid content of 25.66 mg QE/g DW was produced from media supplemented with 1 mg/Lof 2,4-D and 2 mg/L of kinetin. These results showed that different combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin were required to increase biomass and flavonoid production. In conclusion, this study provided valuable information for the development of bioactive compounds through in vitro culture.

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