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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biodjati
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
ISSN : 25481606     EISSN : 25414208     DOI : 10.15575/biodjati
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 497 Documents
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Community Structure of Coral Reef Ecosystem in Senoro-Toili Block Kasim Mansyur; Achmad Rizal; Musayyadah Tis’in; Muh. Saleh Nurdin; Shanti Nata Artha; Enrico Putra Nurdin; Clara Maulidiansa; Abdil Halimis Stani
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.54702

Abstract

Research on coral reef biodiversity within oil and gas operational areas remains limited, as most previous studies have focused on coastal ecosystems adjacent to urban environments. This study aims to assess coral reef condition and reef fish community structure in the Senoro–Toili Block, and to examine the relationship between coral cover and reef fish abundance. Field data were collected using Manta Tow and Line Intercept Transect (LIT) methods for coral reef conditions, while reef fish data were obtained through the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. Coral reef observations included percentages of live hard coral, dead coral, algae, and abiotic substrates. Fish data comprised species composition and abundance, which were analyzed at the family level. The relationship between reef fish abundance and live coral cover was tested using Pearson correlation analysis. The study results indicated that dead corals dominated the Senoro-Toili Block coral community, ranging from 17.62 to 52.68%. Evaluation of coral reef conditions shows moderate to high levels of damage, with a high mortality index, indicating that reef health is significantly compromised and may negatively impact associated reef fish populations. The reef fish community comprises 195 species across 37 families. The abundance of reef fish ranges from 1605 to 3105 individuals/500 m². The Pearson correlation showed a significant association between reef fish abundance and coral cover (p < 0.05). The diversity index was high, and the evenness index indicated a stable fish community. A low dominance index supported this. These conditions indicate that the reef fish community in the Senoro–Toili Block exhibits relatively high ecological resilience in response to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. These results highlight the need for continuous management interventions, especially coral transplantation initiatives implemented in the study region.
Potential of Endophytic Yeast Candida sanyaensis and Candida sp. from Nira Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.) as a Bread Dough Leavening Agent Putri Dwi Avitasari; Ulfah Utami; Liliek Harianie
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.54757

Abstract

The increasing global demand for bread has driven the bakery industry to seek alternative leavening agents to reduce dependence on commercial yeast imports. Endophytic yeasts isolated from local agricultural sources offer promising potential for sustainable bread production. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of endophytic yeast isolates Candida sanyaensis and Candida sp., previously isolated from Nira Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.), as bread dough leavening agents. The research assessed the tolerance of both yeast isolates to various temperatures (30°C, 37°C, and 45°C) and ethanol concentrations (10%, 13%, and 15%) by measuring optical density using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 24 and 72 hours of incubation. Additionally, the quality of bread fermented by these isolates was evaluated through texture profile analysis (hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and gumminess) and color analysis (L, a, b* values) using a texture analyzer and color reader, respectively. Commercial instant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) served as a positive control, while dough without yeast served as a negative control. The results demonstrated that both Candida sanyaensis and Candida sp. were tolerant to high temperature (45°C) and high ethanol concentration (15%), as indicated by increased cell density from 24 to 72 hours of incubation. Bread fermented with both endophytic yeast isolates exhibited texture and color characteristics similar to those of bread fermented with commercial yeast, with a soft texture and a light brown color. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and DMRT at the 5% significance level revealed no significant differences in texture and color parameters between bread produced with the endophytic yeast isolates and the commercial yeast control. These findings suggest that Candida sanyaensis and Candida sp. isolated from Nira Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.) possess promising potential as alternative bread dough leavening agents, offering a sustainable approach to reducing dependency on imported commercial yeast in the bakery industry.
Evaluation of ISSR Primer Applicability for Interspecific Differentiation of Marchantia from West Java Susilo Susilo; Maryanti Setyaningsih; Suci Lestari; Jahanzaib Ali
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.54766

Abstract

Liverworts of the genus Marchantia play important ecological roles in humid tropical ecosystems; however, molecular marker evaluation for tropical taxa remains limited. This study aimed to assess the amplification performance and cross-species applicability of selected Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers for interspecific molecular differentiation of Marchantia species from West Java, Indonesia. Four species (M. emarginata, M. geminata, M. paleacea, and M. polymorpha) were analyzed using five ISSR primers. Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB protocol and amplified through single-primer ISSR-PCR assays. Amplification profiles were scored as the presence or absence of dominant bands. Three primers (F218, F231, and F209) generated clear and reproducible multi-locus banding patterns, producing a total of 21 scorable fragments, whereas BS537 and BS3 failed to amplify detectable products. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC), interpreted as an index of band discrimination capacity across species, ranged from 0.70 to 0.91, with F209 and F218 showing the highest informativeness. The results demonstrate that the selected ISSR primers enable reliable interspecific discrimination among the taxa examined and provide a practical framework for preliminary molecular screening of tropical bryophytes. These findings support the use of validated ISSR primers in future taxonomic and comparative genetic studies of non-model liverwort species.
Urban Home Gardens Enhance Plant Diversity and Food Security in South Tangerang Kristiyanto; Fahma Wijayanti
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.54784

Abstract

Achieving food security goals in urban settings has emerged as a major concern, as it is both essential and crucial to their ecological standing. To achieve food security through plant diversity, one approach is to actively and expertly use yards by growing a range of plants. This is one of the essential stages for supplying the fundamental needs of urban communities, both now and in the future. The purpose of this study is to describe the function of home gardens, their contribution to food availability and security, and strategies for diversifying them. With a quadrat sample size of 4×4 meters for trees and 1×1 meters for vascular understory vegetation, purposeful sampling is used to collect data. Vegetation analysis computes the diversity index (H') using the Shannon-Weiner method.  Four (4) plant types are used in South Tangerang's yards: fruit (54%), vegetables (20%), medicinal (24%), and carbs (2%), according to the first research result. Thus, with H' values ranging from 3.015 to 3.028, the types of (food) crops in the Tangerang City region are categorized as high, with Pamulang District having the lowest value and Pondok  Aren District having the highest. Therefore, growing a home garden contributes to the growth and preservation of urban plant species diversity within the community, as well as an alternative and innovative way to increase or expand food availability in a sustainable and ongoing manner.
Effectiveness of Trigona laeviceps Propolis Extract Against Colletotrichum acutatum and Chili Damping-Off Disease Hersanti; Andika Alif Suangga; Ichsan Nurul Bari
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.54859

Abstract

Indonesia’s biodiversity provides natural resources with potential for pest and plant disease control. Propolis from Trigona laeviceps has antimicrobial properties and can serve as an environmentally friendly alternative. The fungus Colletotrichum acutatum causes anthracnose disease in chilies, reducing plant production. This study aims to test the effectiveness of ethanol extract of T. laeviceps bee propolis in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum in vitro and suppressing red chili damping-off. The experiment was carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two stages, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The first stage is a test to determine the Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) of propolis ethanol extract, yielding an LC50 of 12.8%. The second stage involved evaluating the ethanol extract of propolis using the poisoned food technique to assess its effects on colony growth and conidia germination of Colletotrichum acutatum, as well as its ability to suppress red chili damping-off.  The experiment consisted of four treatments of propolis ethanol extract with concentrations of 12.8%, 19.2%, 25.6%, and 32%, a mancozeb fungicide treatment, and a control treatment. Repetition was carried out four times. T. laeviceps propolis ethanol extract concentrations of 12.8%, 19.2%, 25.6%, and 32% were effective in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum fungal colonies with an inhibition range of 56.94%, 60.28%, 65.28%, and 81.39%, respectively. The ethanol extract of T. laeviceps propolis at concentrations of 25.6% and 32% reduced the incidence of red chili sprout blight by 37.5% and 35%, respectively.
Dietary Streptococcus thermophilus Probiotic Improves Growth of Pacific White Shrimp and Nile Tilapia Dedi Fazriansyah Putra; Chintia Ariesti Pangestu; Rahma Enina Br Manik; Muhammad Nasir; Suratno Suratno; Elzein Muhammad Fahal
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.55065

Abstract

The intensive culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is constrained by high feed costs, underscoring the need for strategies that enhance growth and feed efficiency without compromising environmental quality. Probiotics are increasingly proposed as functional feed additives, yet the performance of Streptococcus thermophilus in these two key tropical species remains poorly documented. This study evaluated the effects of graded dietary levels of S. thermophilus on growth performance, feed utilization, survival, and water quality in shrimp and Nile tilapia reared under controlled hatchery conditions. Shrimp (PL‑15) and Nile tilapia juveniles (4–6 cm) were cultured separately in 25‑L plastic tanks (effective water volume 15–16 L), at densities of 50 shrimp tank⁻¹ (31–32 ppt) and 15 tilapia tank⁻¹ (10–15 ppt), respectively, for 40 days. A completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL S. thermophilus/kg feed) and three replicates per treatment was used, with isoproteic diets based on fish meal and plant ingredients. Growth parameters (absolute weight and length gain, specific growth rate), feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, survival, and basic water quality variables were measured and analyzed by one‑way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test. Dietary S. thermophilus significantly enhanced absolute weight gain and specific growth rate in both shrimp and tilapia, while absolute length gain remained unchanged (P > 0.05). The 15 mL/kg treatment produced the best overall performance, with shrimp and tilapia reaching the highest weight gain, lowest feed conversion ratios (1.26 and 1.20, respectively), and feed efficiencies above 79%, whereas survival exceeded 70% in all probiotic groups and reached 100% in some tilapia treatments. Water quality, including dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH, remained within recommended ranges, and probiotic pH (2–4) reflected active lactic acid fermentation without detrimental effects on rearing conditions. These findings demonstrate that dietary S. thermophilus at 10–15 mL/kg is an effective strategy to improve growth and feed utilization in shrimp–tilapia systems while maintaining suitable water quality, offering a practical approach to reduce feed-related production costs in sustainable tropical aquaculture.
Molecular Analysis of Freshwater Goby (Sicyopterus sp.) from Bengkulu, Indonesia Based on Cytochrome b Mitochondrial Gene Dian Fita Lestari; Santi Nurul Kamilah; Sipriyadi; Hengki Turnando; Muhammad Rasul Abdullah Halim; Noorhidayah Mamat
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.55337

Abstract

Sicyopterus (locally known as mungkus in Bengkulu) is a genus of amphidromous goby inhabiting rocky stream ecosystems and commonly utilized as a local food resource in Indonesia. Accurate species identification within this genus is important for biodiversity assessment and conservation because many Sicyopterus species exhibit high morphological polymorphism and interspecific phenotypic similarity, which often complicate morphology-based identification. This study aimed to identify Sicyopterus species from Bengkulu, Indonesia, using combined morphological and molecular approaches and to evaluate their phylogenetic relationships. A total of 30 specimens were collected from Bengkulu Utara, Bengkulu Selatan, and Kaur Regency, of which 14 representative coded samples were selected for molecular analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted using the gSYNC™ DNA Extraction Kit, followed by PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene using two DNA primers, Cytb F217 and Cytb R1043. Sequence analyses were conducted in MEGA 11 using the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods based on an 817 bp fragment. Phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses identified lineages associated with S. lagocephalus, S. squamosissimus, S. cynocephalus, S. parvei, and a putative S. aiensis lineage. Sample PG1 from the Padang Guci River (Kaur Regency) showed close affinity with S. parvei, whereas sample KD3 from the Kedurang River showed tentative affinity with S. aiensis. In addition, sample KD7, associated with S. squamosissimus, showed the highest genetic divergence (2.22% p-distance), suggesting substantial intraspecific variation or a distinct lineage. These findings expand current knowledge of Sicyopterus distribution in western Indonesia and highlight the importance of integrating molecular and morphological approaches to resolve taxonomic uncertainty in amphidromous gobies. Nevertheless, additional genes and morphometric analyses are still needed, particularly for the S. aiensis - S. cynocephalus lineage, because these taxa showed relatively low mitochondrial divergence and limited phylogenetic support in the present study.

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