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INDONESIA
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS)
Published by Cell and Biopharmaceutical Institute
ISSN : 25274384     EISSN : 25273442     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS) has been published by Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute (CBPI), a biannually published scientific journal, is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that supports all topics in Biology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Histology and Biomedicine in the aspect of molecular and cellular.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 181 Documents
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Increased expression of pap and sfa Genes in Biofilm-Forming Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Associated with Urinary Tract Infections Purbowati, Rini; Utami, Sri Lestari
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i2.589

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections cover a broad spectrum of infectious syndromes and affect the urinary tract from the urethra to the kidneys. Generally caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), and their pathogenesis is greatly influenced by biofilm formation, which results in persistent and recurrent infections. UPEC uses filamentous adhesive structures such as pili or fimbriae, pyelonephritis-associated pili, and S fimbriae, which are regulated by the pap and sfa operons, respectively. The purpose of the study was to detect the effects of two virulence genes, (pap 7 and sfa 9) on biofilm-forming UPEC associated with urinary tract infections.Materials and methods: A total of 123 UPEC isolates were collected from clinical microbiology laboratory section of a general hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Urine samples yielded UPEC with significant counts (≥105 CFU/ml), and the biofilm development was analyzed using the Congo red agar method. The presence of pap 7 and sfa 9 genes in the isolates was determined using PCR assay. Results: Among the 123 UPEC isolates, 66 isolates were able to form biofilms, as determined using the Congo red agar (CRA) method. Biofilm-forming UPEC isolates exhibited a high positivity frequency for the pap 7 gene (65.85%), while the positivity frequency for the sfa 9 gene was significantly lower (14.63%).  Conclusion: An increase in th expression of pap 7 and sfa 9 are is associated with the ability to form biofilms, which could serve as a diagnostic marker for biofilm formation potential vaccine target.Keywords: biofilm, pap, sfa, uropathogenic, Escherichia coli, UTI
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Enhance FGF-1 and SDF-1 Expression in Rats with Second Degree Burns Hariani, Nova Putri; Putra, Agung; Subchan, Prasetyowati; Setiawan, Eko
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i2.635

Abstract

Background: Second-degree burns cause extensive damage to the skin and pose significant health challenges, with current treatments facing limitations such as donor skin shortages and complications. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) and stromal-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1) are critical for tissue repair. Emerging evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (E-MSCs) are a promising cell-free therapeutic option for enhancing wound healing through the modulation of FGF-1 and SDF-1. This study investigated the effect of E-MSCs on the expression of FGF-1 and SDF-1 genes in rats with second-degree burns.Materials and methods:  This experimental study used a second-degree burn model in Wistar rats, treated with subcutaneous injections of E-MSCs at doses of 100 µL and 200 µL. Gene expression of FGF-1 and SDF-1 was quantified using qRT-PCR. Histological validation confirmed burn severity, and flow cytometry was used to characterize E-MSCs and exosomes.Results: An increase in FGF-1 and SDF-1 expression was observed in exosome-treated groups compared to the NaCL-treated group. The 200 µL E-MSCs-treated group showed the most significant enhancement in both growth factors, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). These findings underline the efficacy of E-MSCs in modulating critical genes involved in wound healing.Conclusion: E-MSCs significantly upregulate FGF-1 and SDF-1 expression, promoting tissue repair and regeneration in second-degree burn models. This study highlights the potential of E-MSCs as a non-invasive therapeutic approach.  Keywords: exosomes, FGF-1, mesenchymal stem cells, SDF-1
n-Hexane Fraction of Cucumis melo L. Cultivar Gama Melon Parfum: An in vitro Study in MCF7 and T47D Cells Line Salamah, Rohmi; Wijayanti, Nastiti; Widiyanto, Slamet
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i2.558

Abstract

Background: Cucumis melo a melon species, typically has a sweet taste. Some cultivars are known for their distinctive bitter flesh due to its higher levels of cucurbitacin. Cucurbitacin is semipolar compound that has anticancer properties. However, the anticancer effects of cucurbitacin from gama melon parfum (GMP) have not been widely studied. The use of n-Hexane as a non-polar solvent in GMP melon fractionation is to dissolve the non-polar parts of the plant. However, Cucurbitacin was found in the n-hexane fraction of Cucurbita pepo L. Therefore, this study will investigate the presence of Cucurbitacin in the n-Hexane fraction and its effects on breast cancer cells T47D and MCF7.Materials and methods: Dry simplicia of GMP melon fruit were macerated using methanol and fractionated using n-hexane. The presence of cucurbitacin was detected using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Cell cytotoxicity tests were assessed using the MTT assay, with concentrations of 7.8125, 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, and 125 µg/mLResults: Cucurbitacin compounds were detected in the n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 7.6 µg/mL per 10 mg of n-hexane fraction. MCF7 cell viability was lower than that of T47D cells across all concentrations tested. MCF7 cell viability was below 50% at a concentration of 62.5 µg/mL. In contrast, T47D cell viability remained at 100% even at the highest concentration of 125 µg/mL. The IC50 value of MCF7 cells was 43.5 µg/mL.Conclusion: The cucurbitacin content in the n-Hexane fraction was 7.6 µg/mL per 10mg fraction. At this concentration, it moderately inhibits the proliferation of MCF7 cells.Keywords: gama melon parfum, cucurbitacin, HPLC, T47D, MCF7
Endophytic Bacteria in Acalypha indica L. Leaves and Their Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans Syafitri, Aini; Fitri, Lenni; Suhartono, Suhartono
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i2.609

Abstract

Background: The anting-anting plant (Acalypha indica L.) is used in herbal medicine in the treatment of various diseases. The leaf extract of this plant is known for its antimicrobial activity, but the antimicrobial properties of the endophytic bacteria within its leaves have never been reported. This research aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of the anting-anting plant. Materials and methods: The isolation of endophytic bacteria was performed using the spread plate method on nutrient agar (NA) media. Following isolation, the bacterial isolates were characterized through macroscopic and microscopic examination, as well as biochemical tests, which included indole production, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, motility, Simmons citrate utilization, methyl red-Voges-Proskauer (MR-VP) test, catalase test, and triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test. Identification of the bacterial isolates was conducted according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the isolates was assessed using the diffusion methodResults: Fourteen isolates of anting-anting leaf endophytic bacteria were obtained (coded as BEDA 1 to BEDA 14). The BEDA 5 isolate exhibited the largest inhibitory zone diameter against Staphylococcus aureus (31.48 mm), while BEDA 9 showed a significant inhibitory zone diameter against Candida albicans (17.84 mm). Conclusion: The two isolates (BEDA 5 and BEDA 9) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, indicating their potential as promising candidates for alternative antimicrobial agents. These results suggest that endophytic bacteria from Acalypha indica may play an essential role in combating antibiotic resistance and in the development of new therapeutic strategies.Keywords: endophytic bacteria, characterization, antimicrobial activity, Acalypha indica
Hypoxia-Exosome Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy Reduces Interleukin-6 Levels and CD86 Expression Isfandiari, Adelia Bayu; Putra, Agung; Setiawan, Eko
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i3.660

Abstract

Background: UVB exposure activates type 1 macrophages (CD86) and increases IL-6, both contributing to collagen loss. exosome hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells (EH-MSC) has anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential role in modulating CD86 activation and IL-6 secretion. This study examines the effects of EH-MSC injections on CD86 and IL-6 levels in UVB-exposed skin with collagen loss.Materials and methods: Experimental research post-test only control group design was conducted with 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, strain: Wistar Han) divided into five groups. G1: healthy rats, G2: UVB-exposed with a subcutaneous injection of 0.9% NaCl, G3: UVB-exposed with Hyaluronic Acid, and G4 & G5: UVB-exposed with EH-MSC injections of 200 µL and 300 µL, respectively. IL-6 and CD86 levels were analysed using ELISA and qRT-PCR at 14 days post-treatment continue with statistical analysis.Results: IL-6 analysis showed that levels in G4 (107.70±47.86 pg/mL) and G5 (58.68±25.37 pg/mL) were notably lower than in G2 and G3 (p<0.05). Compared to G1 (32.28±14.65 pg/mL), G4 exhibited a statistically distinct increase (p<0.05), whereas G5 showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Meanwhile, CD86 data analysis showed that G4 (0.53±0.14 pg/mL) were lower than in G1 (1.03±0.01 pg/mL) and G2 (1.47±0.43 pg/mL), but not significantly different from G3 (0.87±0.1 pg/mL) and G5 (0.36±0.08 pg/mL). Similarly, CD86 expression in G5 decreased relative to G1 and G2 (p<0.05) but remained similar to G3 and G4.Conclusion: EH-MSC injections (200 µL and 300 µL) significantly reduced IL-6 and CD86 levels in collagen loss rats, supporting its potential as a therapeutic approach for UVB-induced skin damage.Keywords: collagen loss, CD86, EH-MSC, IL-6, UVB
Apoptotic Effects Sulfated Polysaccharides of Caulerpa racemosa Extract on Colorectal Cancer Cells through Caspase-3 Wijaya, Taswin; Akmal, Andi Aida Munirah; Herman, Nabilah; Hasan, Aisyah Amaliah; Hafiz, Arya; Widyastuti, Helmy
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i3.694

Abstract

AbstractBackground: Colorectal cancer originates from progressive genetic alterations in colorectal epithelial cells. While current therapies (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) remain cornerstone treatments, chemotherapy often induces systemic toxicity, adverse effects, and acquired resistance. Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa demonstrate higher sulfate content than red algal derivatives, correlating with enhanced bioactivity. Despite their potential, SPs from green algae remain understudied compared to brown and red algal counterparts. This study evaluated the anticancer potential of C. racemosa SPs against colorectal cancer through viability inhibition and apoptosis induction.Materials and Methods: SPs were extracted via Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and characterized using iodine testing and FTIR spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in WiDr colorectal cancer cells using MTT assay after 24-hour exposure. Apoptotic mechanisms were investigated through in silico molecular docking targeting Caspase-3 activation.Results: SPs were confirmed by a blue color change and FTIR absorption at 1232 cm-1. At 100 µg/mL, low toxicity was observed based on abundant formazan crystals. Concentrations of 200–400 µg/mL showed predominant viable cells, whereas 500 µg/mL caused significant growth inhibition and cell death. In silico analysis demonstrated that SPs may induce apoptosis by Caspase-3 activation.Conclusion: SPs of C. racemosa inhibit colorectal cancer cell viability at a concentration of 500 µg/mL and may induce apoptosis via Caspase-3 activation.Keywords: apoptosis, Caulerpa racemosa, colorectal cancer, sulfated polysaccharides
Exosome Therapy from Hypoxia-treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces TNF-α and Increases VEGF Levels in Fluconazole-Induced Alopecia Model Sulistami, Siska Marlina; Mulyani, Sri Priyantini; Putra, Agung; Setiawan, Eko
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i3.642

Abstract

Background: Alopecia is a condition with partial or complete hair loss, leading to psychological distress. Current treatments, such as minoxidil and finasteride, have limited efficacyand side effects. Recent studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes offer regenerative potential by modulating inflammation and enhancing hair follicle regeneration, though optimal dosage remains unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)  inhibits hair follicle growth, while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes hair regrowth. This study evaluates  exosome therapy from hypoxia (Hypo-Exo)-treated MSCs in modulating TNF-α and VEGF in a fluconazole-induced alopecia-like model..Materials and methods: An experimental post-test only control group design was used with 30 male Wistar rats, divided into five groups:  Healthy group, 0.9% NaCl-treated group, 5% Minoxidil-treated group, 100 μg/mL Hypo-Exo MSCs-treated group, and 200 μg/mL Hypo-Exo MSCs-treated group. TNF-α and VEGF levels were analyzed using ELISA on day 14 post-treatment. Results: The highest TNF-α level was found in the 0.9% NaCl-treated group (307.46 ± 20.68 pg/mL) and significantly reduced (p<0.05) in 100 μg/mL Hypo-Exo MSCs-treated group (65.38±15.05 pg/mL) and 200 μg/mL Hypo-Exo MSCs-treated group (37.16±7.14 pg/mL). VEGF levels were the highest in the 200 μg/mL Hypo-Exo MSCs-treated group (189.11±9.75 pg/mL) and 100 μg/mL Hypo-Exo MSCs-treated group (158.50±5.33 pg/mL), compared to the 0.9% NaCl-treated group (69.60±15.39 pg/mL). Conclusion: Hypo-Exo MSCs significantly reduced TNF-α and increased VEGF levels, supporting their potential as a novel regenerative therapy for alopecia. Keywords: alopecia, TNF-α, VEGF, exosome, hypoxia, mesenchymal stem cells 
Elevated Procalcitonin Levels in Pediatric Severe Bacterial Pneumonia Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Kusumawijayanti, Tri; Putra, David Anggara; Hafidh, Yulidar; Andarini, Ismiranti
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i3.689

Abstract

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major pathogen in pediatric pneumonia. Procalcitonin (PCT) distinguishes between Gram positive and Gram negative infections but lacks data on K. pneumoniae infection's relationship with PCT levels in children. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the serum PCT levels in children with K. pneumoniae infection.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 pediatric subjects with the age of 2-59 months with severe bacterial pneumonia. Blood and sputum samples were collected and analyzed for PCT and cultured for 24 hours. PCT levels and K. pneumoniae infection were statistical analyzed with chi-square and logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the PCT cut-off specific to K. pneumoniae. Results: K. pneumoniae was identified in 33%. Median PCT levels were significantly higher in the K. pneumoniae group (p<0.05). A PCT cut-off of 0.725 ng/mL yielded 70% sensitivity, 70.7% specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.9%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.74. Elevated PCT was significantly associated with K. pneumoniae infection with Odds ratio (OR) of 12.08, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.54-57.36; p=0.002).Conclusion: Along with K. pneumoniae infection, serum PCT levels was elevated, supporting its potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis.    Keywords: K. pneumoniae, procalcitonin, bacterial pneumonia, pediatric
Prevalence of MMP-1 rs1799750 Polymorphism in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Indonesia Population Andianto, Ivan Christian; Sajiwo, Damar; Sidarta, Erick
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i3.656

Abstract

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is an enzyme responsible for degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly collagen. Overexpression of MMP-1 can accelerate ECM degradation, contributing to various pathological conditions. The most studied polymorphism in the promoter region of the MMP-1 gene is rs1799750, which has been linked to several diseases in previous studies. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a condition characterized by the progressive miniaturization of hair follicles, influenced by androgen signaling and ECM remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MMP-1 gene polymorphism and its potential association with AGA.Materials and methods: This study included 50 subjects diagnosed with AGA and 50 subjects without AGA. All subjects completed a questionnaire that included gender, age, BMI, and ethnicity. DNA was extracted from blood samples for genotyping of the MMP-1 rs1799750 gene. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method with AluI as the restriction enzyme. For validation, several samples were sequenced at Apical Scientific Laboratory, Malaysia.Results: Among the 50 subjects with AGA, 9 had the 1G/1G genotype, 26 had the 1G/2G genotype, and 15 had the 2G/2G genotype. Similarly, among the 50 subjects without AGA, 8 had the 1G/1G genotype, 27 had the 1G/2G genotype, and 15 had the 2G/2G genotype. The allele frequencies of 1G and 2G in the AGA group were 0.44 and 0.56, respectively, while in the non-AGA group, they were 0.43 and 0.57, respectively. Chi-square analysis of AGA and MMP-1 genotype yielded a p-value of 0.96, indicating no significant association between AGA and the MMP-1 genotype.Conclusion: In this study, the association between the MMP-1 gene polymorphisms rs1799750 with AGA was not observed.Keywords: Androgenetic Alopecia, matrix metalloproteinase-1, polymorphisms, rs1799750
TC Genotype of rs17782313 Near MC4R Gene Increases Obesity Risk Maharani, Amrina; Puspasari, Anggelia; Maharani, Citra; Enis, Rina Nofri; Aurora, Wahyu Indah Dewi; Halim, Rita
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i3.655

Abstract

Background: The genetic variant rs17782313 near the melanocortin-4-receptor gene (MC4R) is one of the robust risk factors for obesity and may be linked to its effect on dietary intake, which has different effect sizes between populations. The association between rs17782313 and obesity and dietary intake has not yet been published with the population from Jambi Malay. This study was conducted to analyze the association of genetic variation of MC4R rs17782313 and dietary intake among the Jambi Malay population.Materials and methods: This study was an unmatched case-control study with 110 subjects, consisting of 55 obese and 55 non-obese individuals. All the subjects were Jambi Malay who reside in Jambi Province and are aged 19-60 years. The MC4R rs17782313 genotype was measured using the tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Dietary data were collected through food recall and analyzed using the NutriSurvey. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that subjects with TC genotype increased risk for obesity (p-value: 0.043; OR (95%CI): 3.044 (1.001-9.259). Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender and dietary intake, showed similar trends: the TC genotype increased the risk of obesity (p-value: 0.038; OR (95%CI): 3.376 (1.069-10.655). Dietary intake, including total calories, fat, carbohydrate, and protein intake, did not show a statistically significant association with the rs17782313 genotype in obese and non obese groups (p-value>0.05).Conclusion: The TC genotype of rs17782313 near the MC4R gene significantly increases the obesity risk in the Jambi Malay population, independent of dietary intake.Keywords: obesity, MC4R, rs17782313, Malay, Jambi

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