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Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS)
Published by Cell and Biopharmaceutical Institute
ISSN : 25274384     EISSN : 25273442     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences (MCBS) has been published by Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute (CBPI), a biannually published scientific journal, is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that supports all topics in Biology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Histology and Biomedicine in the aspect of molecular and cellular.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 174 Documents
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UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood Soleha, Winna; Wibowo, Heri; Abdullah, Murdani; Pradipta, Saraswati; Syari, Lucky Novita; Liem, Isabella Kurnia; Bustami, Arleni; Rozaliyan, Anna
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.538

Abstract

Background: Clinical features of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly include respiratory symptoms and exacerbated multi-organ complications, especially in patients with comorbidities. Cellular immunity, including lymphocytes, is a critical factor in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, immune dysregulation occurs in severe COVID-19 patients, characterized by cytokine storm and lymphopenia. The effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for COVID-19 is being assessed. The secretome released by MSC functions similarly to the cells themselves as an immunomodulator, offering potential advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. This study was conducted to assess the effect of umbilical cord MSC-derived (UC-MSC) secretome treatment on lymphocyte count and soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) levels in severe COVID-19 patient's whole blood.Materials and methods: Twelve whole blood samples from healthy individuals and severe COVID-19 patients were analyzed for lymphocyte count and functional activation using flow cytometry, along with sPD-1 level measurement in pre-treatment and post-secretome conditions.Results: The lymphocyte count in severe COVID-19 patients was significantly decreased, particularly for T cells and NK cells, indicating lymphopenia. Following secretome treatment, CD4+ T cell counts significantly increased compared to pre-treatment, although this change was not significant in the negative control group. Additionally, there was a minimal reduction in B cell count and an increase in sPD-1 levels. Elevated sPD-1 may alleviate T cell exhaustion by interfering with PD-1 binding to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).Conclusion: Administration of UC-MSC secretome to the whole blood of severe COVID-19 patients suggested immune improvement, with significant increases in CD4+ T cell counts, enhanced B cell survival, and elevated sPD-1 levels. Keywords: COVID-19, cellular immunity, lymphocytes, secretome, MSC
Resveratrol Protects Caenorhabditis elegans from Ultraviolet B-induced Photoaging via skn-1 Siswanto, Ferbian Milas
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.554

Abstract

Background: Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol with potent antioxidant activity and is abundant in fruits. There has been a lot of scientific evidence regarding the anti-aging effect of RSV. Aging can be induced by UV-B (photoaging) due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. This study aimed to test the anti-photoaging activity of RSV on UV-B -induced Caenorhabditis elegans.Materials and methods: C. elegans was cultured at 20˚C in nematode growth medium (NGM) and was subjected to various concentrations of RSV and UV-B. The UV-B light exposure was given on day 0 post-synchronization at a dose of 100 J/m2 using a UV cross-linker. The health span (indicated by pharyngeal pumping rate) and lifespan of worms were observed. The quantification of collagen was performed using a Sircol Collagen assay kit. The mRNA expression level of gcs-1, col-19, hus-1, cep-1, egl-1, and ced-13 was examined by qRT-PCR. Results: UV-B reduced pharyngeal pumping rate, shortened the lifespan, decreased collagen, and increased the expression of apoptosis-related genes (hus-1, cep-1, egl-1, and ced-13). RSV ameliorated these aging phenotypes induced by UV-B. Anti-aging activities of RSV were not observed in the skn-1 loss-of-function strain (VC1772, skn-1(ok2315)), indicating the critical involvement of skn-1 in the mechanism of action of RSV. The activation of skn-1 was shown by elevated skn-1 target gene that play role in glutathione biosynthesis called gcs-1.Conclusion: RSV prevents accelerated aging due to UV-B in C. elegans by enforcing skn-1 signaling pathway and its downstream gcs-1 gene expression.   Keywords: anti-aging, resveratrol, oxidative stress, UV-B
The Role of Centella asiatica and Its Main Bioactive Compound, Asiatic Acid in Cardiac Remodeling: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies Fadhillah, Muhamad Rizqy; Arozal, Wawaimuli; Wibowo, Heri; Bustami, Arleni; Primadhani, Suci Widya; Gusti Khatimah, Nurul; Putri, Rizky Clarinta; Riski Amanda, Clara; Azizah, Nur
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.482

Abstract

Cardiac remodeling is a phenotype of heart failure characterized by a molecular, cellular, and interstitial change in the heart, which manifests in the change of size and function of the heart after specific insults with multiple mechanisms. Centella asiatica (CA) and its main bioactive triterpenoid, asiatic acid (AA), pose antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Still, no adequate clinical trials support the potency of CA and AA as anti-cardiac remodeling. Hence, this systematic review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of CA extract and AA in animal studies' prevention or therapy of cardiac remodeling. The search strategies were conducted based on preferred reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol through Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords as follows: “Centella asiatica” OR “Asiatic Acid” AND “Cardiac Remodeling” OR “Cardiac Hypertrophy” OR “Cardiac Fibrosis” along with their synonym. The data collected included hemodynamic parameters based on echocardiography, biomolecular tests such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, or biochemistry procedures. The paper quality was assessed using Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias (RoB). The previous selected study has shown that CA and AA might prevent and cure cardiac remodeling by inhibiting various pathways and protein expressions through AMPKα, NOX2/4, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p70S6K, YAP/TAZ, and IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 cytokines. CA and AA, thus, exhibit cardioprotective effects in the animal model, which need to be confirmed in the clinical trials on humans. Keywords: cardiac remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, Centella asiatica, asiatic acid
Green Tea Yogurt Supplemented with L. paracasei E1 Microcapsules Increases Erythrocyte Counts and B Cell Development in High-Fat Fructose Diet Mice Sa'adah, Nur Alfi Maghfirotus; Ardiansyah, Esha; Fadlilah, Dawama Nur; Izati, Rahmi; Al-Faizah, Belinda Nabiila; Kavitarna, Septhyanti Aprilia; Atho’illah, Mochammad Fitri; Arifah, Siti Nur; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Tsuboi, Hideo; Rifa'i, Muhaimin
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.573

Abstract

Background: Obesity-induced inflammation causes hematopoietic stress, disrupting bone marrow homeostasis. Green tea yogurt supplemented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E1 microcapsules (GTYP) is a promising way to overcome obesity due to its high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, GTYP effects on blood production, specifically erythrocytes and B cells, remain unexplored.Materials and methods: Male Balb/C mice were fed either a high-fat fructose diet or a normal diet for 12 weeks. Microencapsulation was done by double coating of alginate-chitosan. There were seven groups in this study: normal diet (ND), high-fat fructose diet (HFFD), HFFD with 1.3 mg/kgBW Simvastatin (T1), HFFD with 5 g/kgBW plain yogurt (T2), HFFD with 2.5 g/kgBW GTYP (T3), HFFD with 5 g/kgBW GTYP (T4), and HFFD with 10 g/kgBW GTYP (T5). Erythrocyte counts from the peripheral blood were taken weekly. After 28 days of treatment, mice were sacrificed, bone marrow (BM) and lymphocytes were isolated. The cells of Ter119+, Ter119+CD59+, and B220+SDF-1+ were measured using flow cytometry.Results: HFFD not only reduces the peripheral erythrocyte count (2.15×109 cell/mL) but also affects the hematopoietic system, depleting Ter119+ (11.76%), TER119+CD59+ (0.050%), and B220+SDF-1+ (0.465%). Mice receiving 5 g/KgBW GTYP improved erythrocyte count (9.95×109 cells/mL). The parameters of erythrocyte and B cell development showed more remarkable improvement with GTYP treatment than simvastatin and plain yogurt (p<0.05). Molecular docking also indicated a great inhibitory effect of EGCG (-7.7) for the CXCR4 receptor.Conclusion: GTYP can potentially increase erythrocyte count and B cell development, particularly under obese conditions.   Keywords: anti-obesity, B lymphopoiesis, erythrocyte count, green tea yogurt, probiotics
Sorghum-Soybean Flour Enteral Formula Reduces Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, and Increases HDL and Albumin in Hyperglycemic Rats Probosari, Enny; Dewi, Suci Noviya; Alfadila, Tsania Izza; Handayani, Endah Nur; Rizkita, Maura Sania; Candra, Aryu; Ardiaria, Martha; Puruhita, Niken; Murbawani, Etisa Adi
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.507

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus prevalence is rising. Liquid feeding in the form of enteral formulas is needed to meet the nutritional needs of patients who cannot consume orally. The development of enteral formulas based on sorghum-soybean flour for diabetes mellitus patients, which has been nutritionally analyzed and adjusted to the requirements of enteral manufacturing, was selected for further in vivo research. This study evaluated the effect of the sorghum-soybean flour formula on fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile levels, and albumin in hyperglycemic rats.Materials and methods: This was a true experimental study with pre–post-test randomized control design. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: negative control group was normal rats and given standard feed only; positive control group was hyperglycemic rats and given standard feed only; treatment (T)1 and T2 groups were hyperglycemic rats given standard feed along with enteral formula at a dose of 4,41 g/day and 5,51 g/day for 28 days. Blood samples were collected to analyze FBG, albumin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol.Results: There were differences in the levels of FBG, albumin, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol before and after the intervention in groups T1 and T2. Group T1 showed an 8.12% decrease in FBG, while T2 showed a 29.89% decrease. Triglycerides decreased by 29.22% in T1 and 31.85% in T2; cholesterol decreased by 11.41% in T1 and 13.94% in T2. LDL levels decreased by 29.97% in T1 and 38.44% in T2. Albumin levels increased by 47.90% in T1 and 56.67% in T2. HDL levels increased by 23.94% in T1 and in 35.04% in T2.Conclusion: Administration of an enteral formula based on sorghum-soybean flour can reduce FBG, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels, and increase albumin and HDL levels in hyperglycemic rats.Keywords: hyperglycemia, enteral formula, albumin levels, fasting blood glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides
The μDrop Method Enhances Melanin Content Measurement in the in vitro Melanogenesis Model Using B16F10 Cell Line Yuliarni, Dinda; Kamilah, Mutiara Mila; Nugraha, Gaga Irawan; Faridah, Lia; Bashari, Muhammad Hasan; Ekawardhani, Savira
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.527

Abstract

Background: The B16F10 cell line is a cell frequently used in melanin content assays. However, reports on cell models using B16F10 are limited, particularly as the robust model cell in the Indonesian cosmetics industry. We found measuring melanin content using microplate spectrophotometry to be challenging, so this research was conducted to develop a method using μDrop spectrophotometry.Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, the B16F10 melanoma cell line was cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were categorized into control, stimulated, and treated groups. Melanogenesis stimulation was achieved using 1μM α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), while inhibition using 800 μg/ml kojic acid. After treatment, the cells were incubated for 48 hours. Their melanin content was then measured using an ELISA reader with a μDrop method and compared with the microplate method. Statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA test with Turkey’s Post Hoc analysis.Results: The μDrop method increased the melanin signal into the linear range of machine readings, while the signals from the microplate method fell far below this range. The B16F10 melanoma cell lines stimulated by α-MSH exhibited increased melanin production compared with the control group, while kojic acid treatment significantly reduced (p<0.05) melanin content in the stimulated group.Conclusion: The μDrop method significantly outperformed the microplate method in measuring melanin content within melanogenesis cell models, offering enhanced accuracy and particularly excelling at quantifying low content of melanin. Keywords: μDrop, microplate, melanin, melanogenesis, B16F10 cell line, RPMI
SARM Rad140 Increases Osteoblasts, Muscle Fiber Size, Myonuclei, and Reduces Osteoclasts in Orchidectomized Wistar Rats Budaya, Taufiq Nur; Daryanto, Besut; Seputra, Kurnia Penta; Fabrianta, Dio Mafazi; Ekaputra, Aditya Airlangga; Dewi, RA Rose Khasana; Anita, Kenty Wantri; Dhani, Fauzan Kurniawan; Rofifa, Amira Fithri
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i1.536

Abstract

Background: Orchidectomy is a surgical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer patients to achieve castrate testosterone levels. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are used to mitigate the adverse effects of ADT, including elevated risk of osteoporosis, and reduced skeletal muscle mass. Rad140 is a novel SARMs that has high affinity for the androgen receptors. This study was conducted to determine the effects of SARM Rad140 on the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle size, and number of myonuclei in rats underwent orchidectomy.Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted using a randomized post-test only control group design. Following orchidectomy, SARM Rad140 was administered orally for six weeks at various doses. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, muscle fiber CSA, muscle size, and number of myonuclei were measured. Quantitative analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.Results: There were significant differences in the effects of SARM Rad140 at different doses on osteoblast and osteoclast cells. At higher doses, the osteoblast cell counts in rats tended to increase, while the osteoclast counts tended to decline. The treatment group also showed significant results in the CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers, as well as in the number of myonuclei of the gastrocnemius muscle.Conclusion: SARM Rad140 significantly increased the number of osteoblasts, muscle fiber CSA, and gastrocnemius muscle myonuclei, while decreasing osteoclasts. SARM Rad140 is a promising therapy for osteoporosis and muscle weakening due to ADT.Keywords: SARM Rad140, orchidectomy, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, muscle fiber cross sectional area, myonuclei
Hypoxia-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Modulate Protein Kinase A and VEGFR Expression in Ultraviolet B-Induced Hyperpigmentation in Mice Andavania, Sheila Jessica; Syamsunarno, Mas Rizky; Putra, Agung; Setiawan, Eko
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i2.594

Abstract

Background: Hyperpigmentation is often exacerbated by ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure through oxidative stress and activation of pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Current treatments carry risks and necessitate safer alternatives. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of hypoxia-induced mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes in reducing protein kinase-A (PKA) and VEGFR expression in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation.Materials and methods: A post-test-only control group design was used with 30 male C57BL/6 mice divided into five groups: Healthy group, 0,9% NaCl-treated group, retinol-treated group, and two treatment groups (200 µL Exosomes-treated group and 300 µL Exosomes-treated group. UVB-induced hyperpigmentation was established with 180 mJ/cm² exposures over two weeks. Treatment was administered via subcutaneous injections for seven days. PKA and VEGFR mRNA levels were analyzed using qRT-PCR.Results: PKA expression was significantly lower in the 200 µL Exosomes-treated group (0.34±0.05) and 300 µL Exosomes-treated group (0.21±0.04) groups compared with the 0,9% NaCl-treated group (1.12±0.08) (p<0.001). VEGFR expression similarly decreased in 200 µL Exosomes-treated group (0.32±0.05) and 300 µL Exosomes-treated group (0.18±0.04) versus the 0,9% NaCl-treated group (1.48±0.09) (p<0.001). Both exosome doses achieved reductions comparable to baseline levels observed in the Healthy group.Conclusion: Hypoxia-induced MSC exosomes reduced PKA and VEGFR expression in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation, with the 300 µL dose showing greater efficacy. These findings suggested exosome therapy as a promising alternative for hyperpigmentation treatment. Keywords: hyperpigmentation, MSC, PKA, VEGFR, melanin
Slow 0.9% NaCl Bolus Administration Reduces ANP, MMP-2, and Syndecan-1 Shedding in Septic Shock Rabbit Models Hartawan, I Nyoman Budi; Wiryana, Made; Jawi, I Made; Astawa, I Nyoman Mantik; Bakta, I Made; Subanada, Ida Bagus; Suparyatha, Ida Bagus; Wati, Dyah Kanya
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i2.590

Abstract

Background: The optimal rate for fluid bolus administration in septic shock remains a critical and unresolved question. Rapid bolus administration is commonly practiced but has been linked to elevated levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and syndecan-1 shedding, potentially exacerbating endothelial glycocalyx damage and increasing vascular permeability. However, the physiological and clinical implications of slower bolus rates have not been thoroughly investigated. This study was conducted to identify safer fluid management practices and improve patient outcomes in septic shock.Materials and methods: A randomized post-test-only control group design was employed, involving 36 male New Zealand rabbits with lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock. The treatment group received 0.9% NaCl boluses (20 mL/kg body weight) over 20 minutes per bolus (slow bolus), while the control group received the same volume over 5 minutes per bolus (rapid bolus). ANP, MMP-2, and syndecan-1 levels were measured using ELISA 10-15 minutes post-intervention.Results: The median ANP levels in the treatment group (92.86 ng/mL) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in the control group (367.32 ng/mL). The mean MMP-2 levels in the treatment group (10.26 ng/dL) were lower than those in the control group (11.43 ng/dL). The median levels of syndecan-1 were also lower in the treatment group (4.31 ng/mL) compared to the control group (5.94 ng/mL).Conclusion: Slow fluid boluses appear to mitigate endothelial damage by reducing ANP, MMP-2, and syndecan-1 shedding. These findings suggest that slower infusion rates may offer a protective advantage in fluid resuscitation, paving the way for updated clinical guidelines.Keywords: fluid bolus, ANP, MMP-2, syndecan-1
1’- Acetoxychavicol acetate Suppresses Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation through the PI3K Pathway: A Molecular Docking and Cytotoxicity Study Safitri, Putri Gita Ayu; Da’i, Muhammad; Wulandari, Febri
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v9i2.640

Abstract

Background: This study aims to investigate anticancer properties of 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a phenylpropanoid substance obtained from the rhizomes of the Alpinia genus, which has been extensively studied. However research on its cytotoxic effects, particularly against osteosarcoma cells, has never been donenot been conducted. The purpose of the research is to investigate the anticancer potential of ACA to support the its development as a novel therapeutic candidate.Materials and methods: This study assessed ACA’s initial anticancer potential through in vitro cytotoxic tests on normal human osteoblast cells (hFOB) and osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) using the MTT assay. Additionally, bioinformatics analyses, including target prediction, gene ontology, hub gene identification, protein-protein interactions (PPI) network construction, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis, disease association analysis, and molecular docking, were performed. Results: The cytotoxicity test on normal hFOB showed an IC50 of 45.05 µM, while in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, the IC50 was 20.41 µM. In the bioinformatics test, top five target genes identified were SRC, GNAI1, PIK3CD, PIK3CB, PIK3R3. Molecular docking analysis showed that, the native PI3KD ligand showed a strong binding affinity of -10.99 kcal/mol and interacted with more amino acid residues.Conclusion: Overall, ACA exhibits promise as a treatment option to inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation by targeting the PI3K pathway. To develop ACA as a potential osteosarcoma therapeutic candidate, extensive in vitro research is needed.   Keywords: 1-Acetoxychavicol acetate, bioinformatics, cytotoxicity, osteosarcoma, PI3K pathway

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