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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
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Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019" : 7 Documents clear
PERFORMA KONVERGENSI ANGIN PERMUKAAN DIURNAL MODEL REANALISIS ERA5 DI BENUA MARITIM INDONESIA Achmad Fahruddin Rais; Soenardi Soenardi; Zubaidi Fanani; Pebri Surgiansyah
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v20i2.3795

Abstract

IntisariPada penelitian ini, penulis mengkaji uji performa kualitatif konvergensi angin permukaan model reanalisis ERA5 di BMI yang dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian menggunakan limited area model (LAM) oleh Qian, Im dan Eltahir serta Alfahmi et al. Konvergensi angin permukaan dan anomali angin permukaan dihitung dengan menggunakan finite difference.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model reanalisis ERA5 mampu mensimulasikan konvergensi anomali angin permukaan dengan baik terhadap model regional climate model (RegCM) maupun The MIT regional climate model (MRCM) resolusi 27 km di Pulau Jawa dan sekitarnya serta BMI bagian barat dengan nilai konvergensi yang lebih tinggi. Sedangkan terhadap model weather research forecast (WRF) 9 km di BMI bagian timur, model reanalisis ERA5 juga dapat mensimulasikan konvergensi angin permukaan, tetapi dengan nilai yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, model reanalisis ERA5 mensimulasikan konvergensi angin permukaan lebih cepat 2 jam di BMI bagian barat dan timur dibandingkan MRCM27 dan WRF. AbstractIn this study, we discuss the qualitative performance testing of ERA5 surface wind convergence over the Indonesia maritime continent (BMI) compared with research based on limited area model (LAM) by Qian, Im, and Eltahir and also Alfahmi et al. Wind surface convergence and wind surface anomalies convergence is calculated using finite-difference. The results show that the ERA5 reanalysis model can simulate convergence of surface wind anomalies compared with both regional climate model (RegCM) and 27 km MIT regional climate model (MRCM) over Java and also western BMI with higher convergence values. While ERA5 reanalysis model can also simulate convergence of surface winds, but with lower values compared to 9 km weather research forecast (WRF) model over eastern BMI. Besides, the ERA5 reanalysis model simulates convergence of surface winds, which is 2 hours faster over western and eastern BMI compared to MRCM27 and WRF.
PERBAIKAN ESTIMASI CURAH HUJAN BERBASIS DATA SATELIT DENGAN MEMPERHITUNGKAN FAKTOR PERTUMBUHAN AWAN Adi Mulsandi; Mamenun Mamenun; Lutfi Fitriano; Rahmat Hidayat
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v20i2.3810

Abstract

Intisari Permasalahan utama dalam mengestimasi curah hujan menggunakan data satelit adalah kegagalan membedakan antara awan cumuliform dengan awan stratiform dimana dapat menyebabkan nilai estimasi hujan under/overestimate. Dalam penelitian ini teknik estimasi curah hujan berbasis satelit yang digunakan adalah modifikasi Convective Stratiform Technique (CSTm). CSTm memiliki kelemahan ketika harus menghitung sistem awan konveksi dengan inti konveksi yang sangat luas karena akan memiliki nilai slope parameter kecil, sehingga menghasilkan estimasi curah hujan yang underestimate. Dengan melibatkan perhitungan faktor pertumbuhan awan di algoritma CSTm permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi. Penelitian ini menerapkan algoritma CSTm dan faktor pertumbuhan awan (CSTm+Growth Factor) untuk mengestimasi kejadian hujan lebat yang menyebabkan banjir di Jakarta pada tanggal 24 Januari 2016 yang digunakan juga sebagai studi kasus di proyek pengembangan model NWP di BMKG. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlibatan faktor pertumbuhan awan sangat efektif memperbaiki kelemahan teknik CSTm, diperlihatkan dengan peningkatan nilai korelasi dari 0.6 menjadi 0.8 untuk wilayah Kemayoran dan -0.1 menjadi 0.83 untuk wilayah Cengkareng. Secara umum gabungan teknik CSTm dan faktor pertumbuhan awan dapat memperbaiki estimasi nilai intensitas dan fase hujan. Abstract  The main problem in estimating rainfall using satellite data is a failure to distinguish between cumuliform and stratiform clouds, which can cause under/overestimate of rains. In this research, the Modified Convective Stratiform Technique (CSTm) has been used to estimate rainfall based on satellite data. The weakness of the CSTm technique is defined when calculating the convective cloud system within a widely convective point. Cloud convective will have a low value of parameter slope and produce an underestimate of rainfall. This issue can be resolved by calculating the cloud growth factor on CSTm. CSTm algorithm and cloud growth factor (CSTm+Growth Factor) has been applied to this research to estimate heavy rainfall for floods event in Jakarta area on January 24th, 2016. The result showed that the cloud growth factor is very effective in improving the weakness of rainfall estimation using the CSTm technique. Correlation between estimation and observation rainfall has increased from 0,6 to 0,8 on Kemayoran and from -0,1 to 0,83 on Cengkareng. The coupled method of CSTm and cloud growth factor significantly improve in estimating phase and intensity of rainfall.
PEMANFAATAN SKEMA DAYTIME MICROPHYSICS RGB HIMAWARI 8 UNTUK MENDETEKSI AWAN CUMULUS POTENSIAL DALAM KEGIATAN TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA Bony Septian Pandjaitan; Asri Rachmawati; Rahmat Hidayat; Samba Wirahma; Adinda Dara Vahada
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v20i2.3873

Abstract

IntisariAwan cumulus potensial, dalam kegiatan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca (TMC) merupakan awan target semai untuk menghasilkan hujan. Selama ini, penentuan kemunculan awan cumulus potensial biasanya didasarkan pada pengamatan radar cuaca dan pengamatan kanal tunggal satelit maupun beberapa kombinasi kanal satelit yang terpisah-pisah. Keberadaan Satelit Geostasioner Himawari 8 dengan frekuensi observasi tiap 10 menit dan memiliki banyak kanal panjang gelombang menawarkan potensi baru untuk mengamati dinamika awan. Pada artikel ini, penulis mencoba menggunakan skema daytime microphysics RGB Himawari 8 untuk mendeteksi kemunculan dan perkembangan awan cumulus potensial pada wilayah TMC di Kalimantan Barat pada bulan Agustus 2018. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terlihat bahwa terdapat karakter awan cumulus potensial seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil klasifikasi dari skema daytime microphysics RGB Himawari 8 pada rute semai pesawat TMC. Selain itu, selama 4 hari kegiatan TMC, terlihat bahwa skema daytime microphysics RGB Himawari 8 dapat mendeteksi awal kemunculan awan cumulus potensial dengan selang waktu 1 hingga 2 jam lebih awal sebelum pesawat TMC terlihat sampai ke lokasi awan cumulus potensial tersebut. Sehingga, skema daytime microphysics RGB Himawari 8 bisa dicoba sebagai panduan informasi pelengkap data radar cuaca bagi pesawat TMC untuk menentukan lokasi awan cumulus potensial.  AbstractPotential cumulus clouds, in Weather Modification Technology (TMC) activities are seedling cloud targets to produce rain. During this time, the determination of the appearance of a potential cumulus cloud is usually based on weather radar observations and observations of single satellite channels as well as several separate satellite channel combinations. The existence of the Himawari 8 Geostationary Satellite with an observation frequency every 10 minutes and has many wavelength channels offers new potential for observing cloud dynamics. In this paper, the author tried to use the Himawari 8 RGB daytime microphysics scheme to detect the emergence and development of potential cumulus clouds in the TMC region in West Kalimantan in August 2018. Based on the research results, it appears that there are potential cumulus cloud character traits, as shown by the classification results of the scheme daytime microphysics RGB Himawari 8 on the TMC aircraft seedling route. In addition, during the five days of TMC activities, it was seen that the Himawari 8 RGB microphysics daytime scheme could detect the beginning of the appearance of potential cumulus clouds at intervals of 1 to 2 hours before the TMC aircraft was seen up to the location of the potential cumulus clouds. Thus, the Himawari 8 microphysics RGB daytime scheme can be tried as a supplementary information guide on weather radar data for TMC aircraft to determine the location of potential cumulus clouds.
DETEKSI KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT HIMAWARI-8 DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH Alpon Sepriando; Hartono Hartono; Retnadi Heru Jatmiko
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v20i2.3884

Abstract

IntisariKebakaran hutan dan lahan terjadi hampir setiap tahun di Indonesia, terutama di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan saat musim kemarau. Deteksi kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan citra satelit menggunakan indikator yang disebut titik panas. Titik panas yang digunakan saat ini di Indonesia diperoleh dari pengolahan data citra satelit berorbit polar (MODIS dan VIIRS) dengan resolusi temporal yang rendah, yaitu hanya 6 kali dalam sehari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan data citra satelit Himawari-8 untuk deteksi kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang menghasilkan titik panas dengan resolusi temporal 10 menit, dimana hasilnya di validasi dengan citra polar dan data kebakaran lapangan. Lokasi penelitian berada di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan waktu penelitian adalah bulan September 2019. Data yang digunakan untuk pengolahan adalah 5 saluran Advanced Himawari Imager, peta batas administrasi dan tutupan lahan. Pemrosesan data citra satelit mencakup pemilihan piksel penutup lahan dan batas administrasi, penentuan waktu pengamatan, eliminasi piksel awan, Algoritma Pemantau Kebakaran Aktif, dan validasi hasil. Data citra Himawari-8 dapat diolah menjadi titik panas dengan temporal 10 menit. Validasi terhadap citra polar memiliki tingkat akurasi 66,2%-75,4%, comission error 28,2-46,9% dan omission error 24,6-33,8%. Tingginya comision error terhadap citra VIIRS dikarenakan citra VIIRS memiliki resolusi spasial yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan citra Himawari-8.  AbstractForest and land fires occur almost every year in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan during the dry season. Detection of forest and land fires with satellite imagery uses an indicator called a hotspot. The hotspots used today in Indonesia are obtained from the processing of polar orbital satellite image data (MODIS and VIIRS) with a low temporal resolution, which is only six times a day. The purpose of this study is to utilize Himawari-8 satellite imagery data for the detection of forest and land fires that produce hotspots with a temporal resolution of 10 minutes, where the results are validated with polar imagery and field fire data. The research location is in Central Kalimantan Province, and the time of the study is September 2019. Data used for processing are 5 Advanced Himawari Imager channels, administrative boundary maps, and land cover. Processing of satellite imagery data includes the selection of cover pixels and administrative boundaries, determination of observation time, elimination of cloud pixels, Active Fire Monitoring Algorithm, and validation of results. Himawari-8 image data can be processed into hotspots with a temporal 10 minutes. Validation of polar images has an accuracy rate of 66.2% -75.4%, commission error 28.2-46.9% and omission error 24.6-33.8%. The high commission error on the VIIRS image is because the VIIRS image has a much higher spatial resolution compared to the Himawari-8 image. 
AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH (AOD) OVER FOUR INDONESIAN CITIES FROM THE AERONET MEASUREMENT: AN OVERVIEW Sheila Dewi Ayu Kusumaningtyas
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v20i2.3894

Abstract

Abstract A large amount of aerosol, commonly known as Particulate Matter (PM), is emitted to the atmosphere from land-use conversion, urbanization, and the use of fossil fuels from a variety of sectors. Aerosol affect climate, environment, to human health. Each location might have different aerosols types due to various sources, sinks, and local characteristics. Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) has been established to investigate and monitor aerosol world-wide included in Indonesia. This work aims to study aerosol optical properties retrieved from AERONET in four locations namely Bandung, Jambi, Pontianak, and Palangkaraya. Seasonal and daily variability in AOD and Angstrom exponent (α), also aerosol classification, is analyzed. The result shows that aerosol characteristics such as AOD and α in Bandung are different from Jambi, Palangkaraya, and Pontianak due to different aerosol sources. AOD clearly increases during the burning period (dry period) in Jambi, Palangkaraya, and Pontianak. The highest AOD monthly maximum recorded in Palangkaraya as of 4.51 during September. On the other hand, AOD in Bandung does not show significant variation during dry and rainy season. Mixed aerosols (coarse and fine mode) are present in all locations. However, the dominance of fine mode is depicted from high percent frequency of occurrence in Jambi, Palangkaraya, Pontianak, and Bandung, which are 33.4%, 31.38%, 25.14% (α range bin 1.6-1.8) and 37.16% (α range bin 1.4-1.6) respectively. There was a period of α>1 with 1<AOD<6 in Jambi, Palangkaraya, and Pontianak suggesting smoke fire from peatland, while AOD close to 1 with α>1 as the character of urban aerosol is prominent in Bandung.   IntisariSejumlah besar aerosol, atau yang dikenal dengan partikulat, diemisikan ke atmosfer dari aktivitas konversi penggunaan lahan, urbanisasi, dan pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dari berbagai sektor. Aerosol memengaruhi iklim, lingkungan, hingga kesehatan manusia. Setiap lokasi memiliki jenis aerosol berbeda karena perbedaan sumber polusi dan cara penyerapannya, serta karakteristik lokal daerah tersebut. Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) dibentuk untuk menginvestigasi dan memantau aerosol di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mempelajari sifat optik aerosol yang diperoleh dari AERONET di empat lokasi yaitu Bandung, Jambi, Pontianak, dan Palangkaraya. Variabilitas musiman dan harian parameter AOD dan Angstrom eksponen (α) serta klasifikasi aerosol juga dianalisis. Hasil dari studi menunjukkan karakteristik aerosol seperti AOD dan α di Bandung berbeda dari Jambi, Palangkaraya, dan Pontianak karena perbedaan sumber aerosol. AOD meningkat selama periode kebakaran lahan (musim kemarau) di Jambi, Palangkaraya, dan Pontianak. Maksimum bulanan AOD tertinggi tercatat di Palangkaraya sebesar 4.51 pada September. Di sisi lain, AOD di Bandung tidak menunjukkan variasi yang besar pada musim kemarau dan hujan. Aerosol campuran (partikel kasar dan halus) terdapat di semua lokasi. Namun, dominasi aerosol berukuran halus digambarkan oleh tingginya frekuensi kejadian di Jambi, Palangkaraya, Pontianak, dan Bandung masing-masing 33,4%, 31,38%, 25,14% (α range bin 1,6-1,8) dan 37,16% (α range bin 1,4-1.6). Terdapat periode dimana α> 1 dengan 1 <AOD <6 di Jambi, Palangkaraya, dan Pontianak menunjukkan sumber aerosol berasal dari kebakaran asap dari lahan gambut, sementara AOD mendekati 1 dengan α> 1 sebagai karakter dari aerosol perkotaan menonjol di Bandung.
Preface JSTMC Vol.20 No.2 December 2019 : Foreword and Acknowledgement Samba Wirahma
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v20i2.4066

Abstract

Appendix JSTMC Vol.20 No.2 December 2019 : Author Index & Keyword Index Samba Wirahma
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca Vol. 20 No. 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/jstmc.v20i2.4069

Abstract

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