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Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 14112027     EISSN : 25415875     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.10
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Veterinary
Animal Production is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University in association with the Animal Scientist Society of Indonesia. The journal was established in 1999 and available online since May 4, 2011. Animal Production was initially published twice a year, then three times a year starting in 2005. The journal coverage focused on small scale livestock farming and technologies which includes the recent science development in animal production, including all aspects of nutrition, breeding, reproduction, post-harvest processing and socio-economics. All articles are available online. Full text available in pdf format and can be downloaded for free. Starting Vol 22 No 1 the papers have been and will be published in our new website (http://animalproduction.id), as the continuation of our previous but still active website (http://animalproduction.net).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Hewan dan Zoologi
Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue " Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May" : 9 Documents clear
Correlation Protein and Amino Acid Content in Feed Ingredients with Zinc Binding Protein Muktiani, Anis; Prastiwi, Wahyu Dyah
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract.  The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between protein content (N) and the amino acid of the feed material to the holding capacity of zinc and to find out the type of amino acids that contribute to bind Zn. Nineteen feedstuffs used in the experiment, namely soybean meal, catton seed meal, coconut meal, palm meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), soy sauce waste, tofu waste, blood meal, feathers meal, fish meal, poultry meat meal (PMM) and meat bone meal (MBM), shrimp head meal, cassava leaf flour, sesbania leaf flour, glandiflora leaf flour, leucaenia leaf flour, gliricidia leaf flour, calliandra leaf flour, paraserianthes leaf flour were used. Nitrogen content of all feed ingridient was analyzed using Kejhdahl. The material was immersed in a solution of ZnO with a ratio N: Zn = 10: 1 for 24 hours then dried, subsequently the samples were analyzed to Zn bound in the protein feedstuffs (Zn-proteinate) and amino acid levels. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between the protein and amino acid content of feed ingredients with Zn-proteinate generated. Results of the study found that the average efficiency of incorporation of Zn-proteinate amounted to 47.87%. Feed ingredients that have the highest level of incorporation of soybean meal (73.71%). There is a positive correlation between crude protein content with the level of incorporation of Zn (Zn-proteinate). The results of non-linear regression analysis of the amino acid to the Zn-proteinate indicate that there were four amino acids that have a positive correlation with Zn-proteinate that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and tyrosine. The conclusion of this study is to increase the protein content of feed ingredients and amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and tyrosine lead to increased levels of Zn-proteinate (Zn incorporation). Key words : Zn proteinatee, amino acid, corelation, feed ingredients. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan korelasi antara protein (N) dan asam amino dari berbagai bahan pakan sumber protein dengan daya ikat (inkorporasi) ion Zn pada pembuatan mineral organik Zn-proteinate. Sembilan belas bahan pakan digunakan dalam percobaan, yaitu bungkil kedelai, bungkil biji kapok, bungkil kelapa, bungkil sawit, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), ampas kecap, ampas tahu, tepung darah, tepung bulu, tepung ikan, tepung kepala udang, poultry meat meal (PMM), meat bone meal (MBM), tepung daun ketela pohon, tepung daun turi, tepung daun lamtoro, tepung daun gamal, tepung daun kaliandra dan tepung daun sengon. Bahan-bahan tersebut direndam dalam larutan ZnO dengan perbandingan N : Zn  =  10 : 1 selama 24 jam lalu dikeringkan dan dianalisis kadar Zn-proteinate serta kadar asam aminonya. Uji regresi dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar protein dan asam amino bahan pakan dengan kadar Zn-proteinate yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa rata-rata efisiensi inkorporasi Zn-proteinate adalah sebesar 47,87%. Bahan pakan yang mempunyai tingkat inkorporasi tertinggi yaitu bungkil kedelai (73,71%). Terdapat korelasi positif antara kandungan protein kasar dengan tingkat inkorporasi Zn (kadar Zn-proteinate). Hasil analisis regresi non linier asam amino terhadap kadar Zn-proteinate menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat asam amino yang mempunyai korelasi positif dengan kadar Zn-proteinate yaitu asam aspartat, asam glutamat, arginin dan tirosin. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah peningkatan kadar protein bahan pakan dan kadar asam amino  asam aspartat, asam glutamat, arginin dan tirosin menyebabkan peningkatan kadar Zn-proteinate (inkorporasi Zn). Kata kunci : Zinc, protein, asam amino, korelasi, Zn proteinate.
Supplementation of Rumen By Pass Protein-Fat: Effect on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and The Profile of Duodenal Digesta Fatty Acids Hartati, Lilis; Sumantri, Ika; Agus, Ali
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract.  The aim of this research was to study the effects of rumen by pass protein-fat supplementation (RBPF) on feed intake, nutrients digestibility and profile of duodenal digesta of fatty acids. Two rumen fistulated and duodenum canulated dairy cows were fed ration that consisted of king grass and concentrate (60:40). The concentrate was supplemented with 20% RBPF. The feeding trial was conducted for four weeks in which the first week was the control period, the second week was the adaptation period, the third week was the early collection period and finally the fourth week was the late collection period. The samples of duodenal digesta were collected 1 hour before morning feeding and 1, 3 and 5 hours after morning feeding. The cows were fed twice a day and concentrate was offered before forage. The results showed that in comparison to the control, supplementation of RBPF increased nutrients intake of dry matter (DM) (6.95 vs. 6.27%), organic matter (OM) (6.20 vs. 5.70%), crude fat (CF) (0.49 vs. 0.41%), crude fiber (CFb) (1.84 vs. 1.49%) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) (3.23 vs. 3.03%), while the crude protein (CP) intake decreased (0.64 vs. 0.77%). Supplementation of RBPF improved the nutrients digestibility of dry matter (67.24 vs. 62.15%), organic matter (68.71 vs. 65.29%), crude fiber (66.20 vs. 57.46%) and nitrogen free extract (72.37 vs. 66.47%). RBPF supplementation also increased linoleic acid content in duodenal digesta sample at 1and 3 hours after feeding. In conclusion, RBPF supplementation did not negatively affect feed intake and nutrient digestibility. RBPF also increased the proportion of linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexsaenoic acid (DHA) in duodenal digesta until 3 hours after feeding. Key words: RBPF, supplementation, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, fatty acid Abstrak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh  suplementasi protein-lemak by pass rumen terhadap konsumsi, kecernaan nutrien serta profil asam lemak pada digesta duodenum sapi perah. Dua ekor sapi perah berfistula rumen dan berkanula duodenum diberi pakan hijauan dan konsentrat dengan rasio 60:40, diberi suplemen protein-lemak by pass rumen 20% dari konsentrat.  Percobaan dilakukan selama 4 minggu, minggu pertama adalah periode kontrol, minggu ke-2 periode adaptasi, minggu ke-3 periode koleksi awal dan minggu ke-4 periode koleksi akhir. Sampel digesta duodenum diambil 1 jam sebelum pemberian pakan dan 1; 3 serta 5 jam setelah pemberian pakan. Ransum diberikan dua kali sehari dengan konsentrat lebih dulu sebelum hijauan. Dibanding periode kontrol, suplementasi protein lemak by pass rumen sebanyak 20% menaikkan konsumsi bahan kering (BK) (6,95 vs 6,27%), bahan organik (BO) (6,20 vs 5,70%), lemak kasar (LK) (0,49 vs 0,41%), serat kasar (SK) (1,84 vs 1,49%) dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN) (3,23 vs 3,03%) tetapi menurunkan konsumsi protein kasar (PK) (0,64 vs 0,77%). Suplementasi protein lemak by pass rumen juga memberikan kecernaan BK, BO, SK dan BETN ( 67,24 vs 62,15%; 68,71 vs 65,29%; 66,20 vs 57,46%; 72,37 vs 66,47%) yang lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Suplementasi lemak  by pass rumen juga menaikkan proporsi asam lemak linolenat pada jam ke-1 dan ke-3 setelah makan. Pemberian protein-lemak by pass rumen dalam ransum tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien pakan serta meningkatkan proporsi asam lemak linoleat, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) dan DHA (docosahexsaenoic acid) digesta duodenum. Kata kunci: protein lemak by pass rumen, suplementasi, konsumsi, kecernaan nutrien, asam lemak
Determination of mecA Gene in Staphylococcus spp., Isolate Subclinical Mastitis Ettawa Crossbred Goat Milk in Sleman Regency Suwito, W; Nugroho, WS; Sumiarto, B; Pramuditya, YV; Widanarto, R
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. Antibiotic treatment is one of the recommended approaches to reduce intramammary infection. Currently, antibiotic resistance is problem in the livestock treatment, especially Methichilin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The mec A gene has a role in MRSA coding. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp., isolate subclinical mastitis Ettawa crosbreed goat’s milk from Sleman Regency. A total of seven Stapylococcus spp., isolate subclinical mastitis Ettawa crosbreed goat  be composed isolate S. aureus (1), S. epidermidis (1), S. hyicus (2) and S. intermedius (3) were used. Antibiotic susceptibility against Stapylococcus spp., isolate was determined by agar diffusion methode using the following antibiotic Cefoxitime and Oxacillin. The mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study showed that all isolate S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hyicus and S. intermedius resistance Cefoxitime, whereas Oxacillin resistance occured in two isolate S. intermedius and one isolate S. hyicus. The mecA gene only detected in one isolate S. hyicus, but none in the others isolate.  Key words: Staphylococcus spp, detection, mecA gene, subclinical mastitis Abstrak. Pengobatan dengan antibiotik merupakan salah satu hal yang dianjurkan untuk mengurangi infeksi ambing. Saat ini resistensi antibiotik merupakan masalah dalam pengobatan ternak, terutama Methichilin resisten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Gen mecA berperan dalam menyandi terjadinya MRSA, oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan gen mecA dalam Staphylococcus spp., yang diisolasi dari susu kambing peranakan Ettawa mastitis subklinis dari kabupaten Sleman. Sebanyak 7 isolat Staphylococcus spp., asal mastitis subklinis kambing peranakan Ettawa terdiri dari S. aureus (1), S. epidermidis (1), S. hyicus (2) dan S. intermedius (3) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Uji kepekaan antibiotik terhadap Staphylococcus spp., dengan metode agar difusi menggunakan antibiotik Cefoxitime dan Oxacillin. Gen mecA dideteksi dengan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Berdasarkan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hyicus dan S. intermedius resisten terhadap Cefoxitime, sedangkan terhadap Oxacillin pada dua isolat S. intermedius dan satu isolat S. hyicus. Gen mecA hanya terdeteksi dalam satu isolat S. hyicus dan negatif untuk isolat yang lain.  Kata kunci: Staphylococcus spp, deteksi, gen mecA, subclinical mastitis
Effect of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Addition to Lactating Dairy Cows Ration Upon Milk Production and Composition Suwandyastuti, SNO; Rimbawanto, Efka Aris
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract.  On farm level, the price of milk is affected by its fat content. On the other hand, improving milk quality by the use of better ration economically is not feasible. The problem is how to find an appropriate, easily found, relatively cheap and efficient ration for producing better quantity and quality of milk. An experimental research was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in lactating dairy cows ration, in a  4x4 Latin Square Design, with animal trial as column and trial period as row. Each trial period consisted of 14-day preliminary and 7-day trial period (collection period). The treatment to be tested were four levels of yeast addition, namely : 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/cow/day. The variables measured were daily milk production (4% FCM) and milk composition (solid non fat, fat, protein, lactose). The result showed that the addition of yeast had no significant effect on milk production and milk composition, but tended to increase milk fat in which the highest fat content of 5.13 % was achieved when 8.5 g/cow/day was suplemented. The average milk production, solid non fat, lactose, fat, and protein were 9.55 kg/day, 8.70%, 3.99%, 4.50% and 0.13%, respectively. Based on all measured variables, it can be concluded that the addition of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae up to 15 g/cow/day to lactating dairy cows ration did not effectively improve milk production and milk composition. Key words: yeast addition, milk production, milk composition. Abstrak.  Penentuan harga susu di tingkat peternak sangat dipengaruhi oleh kadar lemak susu. Perbaikan komposisi susu dengan peningkatan kualitas pakan sulit dilakukan, karena tidak ekonomis. Oleh karena itu perlu dicari ransum yang murah, mudah didapat dan efisien untuk meningkatkan produksi dan komposisi susu. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam ransum sapi perah laktasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin 4x4. Hewan percobaan sebagai kolom dan periode percobaan sebagai lajur. Setiap periode percobaan terdiri atas 14 hari masa preliminari dan 7 hari percobaan (masa koleksi). Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 4 taraf penambahan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae : 0, 5, 10, dan 15 gr/ekor/hari. Peubah respon yang diamati adalah produksi susu harian (4% FCM) dan komposisi susu (BKTL=Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak, lemak, protein dan laktosa).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ragi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi 4% FCM (Fat Corrected Milk) maupun komposisi susu, tetapi cenderung meningkatkan lemak susu dan mencapai kadar tertinggi 5,13% pada penambahan ragi 8,50 g/ekor/hari. Rataan produksi susu 9,55 kg/hari, BKTL (Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak) 8,70 %, laktosa 3,99%, lemak 4,50% dan protein 0,13%. Berdasarkan semua peubah respon yang diukur dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae sampai 15 gr/ekor/hari belum berhasil memperbaiki produksi dan komposisi susu. Kata kunci : penambahan ragi, produksi susu, komposisi susu.
Analysis of Newborn Calves Measurement for Early Selection Analysis in Aceh Bulls at The Breeding Station Putra, WPB; Sumadi, Sumadi; Hartatik, T; Saumar, H
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. Aceh cattle is one of Indonesian germplasms with many advantages for development in the tropics. The purpose of the study was to select Aceh bulls based on newborn calves measurements. Data comprised 294 calves from nine bulls. The variance components of heritability (h2) and repeatability (r) estimation were obtained from data analysis using SPSS 16.0 software. Breeding value was estimated on the newborn calves measurement namely birth weight (BW), thoracic girth (TG), withers height (WH) and body length (BL). The genetic parameter values of newborn measurements were moderate category (0.10< h2 <0.30) for heritability (h2) and moderate (0.10<r<0.30) to high (r>0.30) for repetability (r). The average of newborn calves measurements was 13.99+1.96 kg (BW), 54.50+3.24 cm (TG), 56.37+3.41 cm (WH) and 45.13+2.86 cm (BL). Bull A (ID: P.075) was the best bull with cumulative breeding value 5.05. Key words: Aceh cattle, newborn measurements, genetic parameters, breeding value Abstrak. Sapi Aceh merupakan salah satu plasma nutfah Indonesia. Sapi ini memiliki banyak kelebihan untuk dikembangkan di daerah tropis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyeleksi pejantan sapi Aceh berdasarkan ukuran lahir pada pedet. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari 294 ekor pedet dari sembilan pejantan. Estimasi komponen ragam heritabilitas dan estimasi ripitabilitas dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 16.0. Estimasi nilai pemuliaan dihitung berdasarkan ukuran lahir pedet: berat badan (BB), lingkar dada (LD), tinggi gumba (TG) dan panjang badan (PB). Nilai parameter genetik pada ukuran lahir termasuk kategori sedang (0,10<h2<0,30) untuk heritabilitas (h2) dan kategori sedang  (0,10<r<0,30) sampai tinggi (r>0,30) untuk ripitabilitas (r). Rata-rata ukuran lahir pedet adalah 13,99+1,96 kg (BB), 54,50+3,24 cm (LD), 56,37+3,41 cm (TG) and 45,13+2,86 cm (PB). Pejantan A (ID: P.075) merupakan pejantan terbaik dengan nilai pemuliaan kumulatif sebesar 5,05. Kata kunci: Sapi Aceh, ukuran lahir, parameter genetik, nilai pemuliaan
The Effect Nanocapsule of Turmeric Extracts in Rations on Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens Sundari, Sundari; Zuprizal, Zuprizal; Yuwanta, T; Martien, R
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. The use of turmeric is restricted by its low solubility in water, therefore it has low bioavailability. This obstacle can be solved by the development of nanoparticle technology to improve drug delivery profile. This study aimed to develop nanoparticle formulation using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium-tripolyphosphate as cross linker, to study its ability to improve feed digestibility. Method used in the formulation of nanoparticle in this study was by ionic gelation followed by oven drying at 50°C. Method used to evaluate the digestibility  was total collection. One hundred and twenty broiler chickens with an average body weight of 900 g, were randomly divided into 20 treatments (one treatment was fasted and 19 were treated with the ration plus feed additive), and six replicates were performed on each test. Chickens were fasted one day before and after they were treated with rations. Nutrient levels and the amount of feed consumed and excreta released were weighed to calculate the digestibility of the ration. It was found that the basal ration had dry matter digestibility of 70.48% significantly lower compared to the basal ration plus nanocapsule turmeric extract: NP level at 0.4% for in EE and EA were 73.11 and 75.90%. The results of this study concluded that formulation of nanocapsule using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium tripolyphosphate as cross linker was potential to increase nutrient digestibility, therefore, it can be an alternative for feed additive in broiler chicken diet. Key words: Digestibility, nanocapsule, turmeric extract, broiler chicken Abstrak. Penggunaan kunyit/kurkumin terbatas karena kelarutannya yang rendah dalam air sehingga bioavailabilitasnya juga rendah. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan teknologi nano yang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif penghantaran obat bagi bahan kimia yang mempunyai bioavailabilitas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik atau polimer serta sodium tripolifosfat sebagai cross linker, untuk dipelajari kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan kecernaan ransum. Metode yang digunakan dalam formulasi nanokapsul adalah gelasi ionik dilanjutkan pengeringan dengan oven pada suhu 50°C. Sedangkan metode untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan menggunakan total koleksi. Seratus dua puluh ekor ayam broiler dengan bobot badan rata-rata 900 g, dibagi secara acak ke dalam 20 perlakuan (satu perlakuan dipuasakan dan 19 diberi ransum perlakuan dengan penambahan feed additive), masing-masing enam ulangan dan satu ekor untuk tiap ulangan. Ayam dipuasakan sehari pada sebelum dan sesudah ayam diperlakukan dengan ransum, kadar nutrien dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi serta ekskreta yang dikeluarkan ditimbang beratnya untuk menghitung kecernaan ransum. Telah ditemukan bahwa kecernaan bahan kering ransum basal (70,48%) nyata lebih kecil dibanding ransum basal yang ditambah nanokapsul ekstrak kunyit: pada  NP level 0,4% sebesar 73,11% pada EE dan 75,90% pada EA. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik dan sodiumtripolifosfat sebagai cross-linker berpotensi sebagai feed additive alternatif untuk meningkatkan kecernaan nutrien pada ransum ayam broiler. Kata kunci: Kecernaan, nanokapsul, ekstrak kunyit, ayam broiler
Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Crossbred Calves Balamurugan, N; Sundaram, SM; Sivakumar, T; Rajkumar, JSI
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. Trial was conducted to assess the effects of different garlic supplementation methods on the performance of crossbred calves. Jersey crossbred calves of both sexes were randomly separated into three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) of six calves in each group.  Calves in T1 group were supplemented with garlic powder at the dose rate of 250 mg/kg BW in water whereas calves in the T2 group were supplemented with 250 mg/kg BW in concentrate feed and the T3 group was treated as control. The data on growth rate in terms of body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, faecal consistency score, faecal egg count and disease incidence were analysed as per standard procedures. It was found that the calves in T1 and T2 group gained significantly higher overall body weight and average daily gain compared with calves in T3 group. No significant difference was observed in feed intake and feed conversion efficiency between the treatment groups. The faecal consistency score and faecal egg count remained the same in all the treatment groups.Key words: crossbred calves, Jersey, garlic supplementation, growth parametersAbstrak. Percobaan dilakukan untuk meneliti pengaruh metode suplementasi bawang putih terhadap performa sapi peranakan silang. Sapi peranakan silang Jersey jantan dan betina dibagi secara acak ke dalam tiga perlakuan (T1, T2 dan T3) masing-masing 6 ekor. Sapi T1 diberi 250 mg/kg bobot bawang putih bubuk di air, T2 diberi 250 mg/kg bobot bawang putih bubuk di pakan konsentrat, dan T3 adalah kontrol. Data tingkat pertumbuhan, penambahan bobot harian, jumlah konsumsi, nilai konsistensi feces, jumlah telur cacing dan kejadian penyakit dianalisis sesuai standar prosedur. Ditemukan bahwa sapi kelompok T1 dan T2 memiliki total kenaikan bobot dan penambahan bobot harian yang lebih tinggi dibanding sapi kelompok T3. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata yang ditemukan pada jumlah konsumsi dan efisiensi konversi pakan antara kelompok perlakuan. Nilai konsistensi feces dan jumlah telur cacing tetap sama di semua kelompok perlakuan.Kata kunci: sapi perankaan silang, Jersey, suplementasi bawang putih, parameter pertumbuhan
Evaluation of Crossbred Heifer Calves Rearing Practices and Growth Performace in Urban and Peri-Urban Dairy Systems of Sebeta Awas Wereda, Oromia, Ethiopia Shibru, Dereje; Mekasha, Yoseph
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract. The study was aimed at evaluating the rearing practice and growth performance of heifer calves in urban and peri-urban dairy systems of Sebeta Awas Wereda, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Stratified random sampling method was used to select target farms and sample respondents for the prepared questionnaire. Farms for monitoring study was selected from data collected during the survey. Hence, 18 farms which had crossbred dairy heifer calves of (3-6 months of age), were purposively selected from both production systems and across the entire herd size category. Eighteen heifer calves were monitored from 18 different farms (2 production systems, 3 farm sizes, 3 replicates). Dairy farming has been gradually expanding in the area through years where above 90% of farms were established within last fifteen years. The overall average crossbred dairy herd size per household was 10.6±2.1 in urban and 11.3±2 in peri-urban area, where, the proportion of heifers accounted for 50.5% for urban and 48.8% for peri-urban farms of their respective total herds. Stall-feeding system is commonly practiced in urban and peri-urban farms, mostly feeding hay, straw, high-energy and protein feeds. Above 91.7% households raised their heifer calves through bucket feeding, where, 60%, 26% and 14% of overall farms weaned their calves at three, four and above four months of age respectively. Crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratio of offered feeds to heifer calves were slightly below the desired level (66:1) in most farms. Body weight change, body condition score, girth height and average daily body weight gain (adg) of heifer calves were not affected by production systems. There was significant difference in body weight changes and adg due to difference in herd sizes. The overall observed heifer calf rearing and growth were good. But relatively inferior performance and prominent management problems were observed in medium sized farms Key words: heifer calf, urban, peri-urban, body weight, body condition score Abstrak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi praktik budidaya dan pertumbuhan sapi heifer di peternakan kota dan pinggir kota di Sebeta Awas Wereda, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Metode sample acak terstruktur digunakan untuk memilih target peternakan dan sampel responden untuk kuesioner. Peternakan untuk penelitian dipilih dari data yang dikumpulkan selama survei, sehingga ada 18 peternakan dengan sapi heifer perah silang berusia 3-6 bulan dipilih baik dari segi sistem produksi dan dari seluruh kategory jumlah ternak. Delapan belas sapi heifer diteliti dari 18 peternakan berbeda (2 sistem produksi, 3 ukuran peternakan, 3 pengulangan). Peternakan sapi perah berangsur berkembang di daerah itu sepanjang tahun dimana lebih dari 90% peternakan dibangun selama 15 tahun terakhir. Total rataan jumlah ternak sapi perah silang per rumah tangg adalah 10,6±2,1 di daerah kota dan 11,3±2 di pinggiran kota, dimana proporsi total ternak heifer sejumlah 50,5% di kota dan 48,85% di pinggiran kota. Sistem stall feeding umumnya diterapkan di peternakan kota dan pinggir kota yang sebagian besar menggunakan pakan jerami, rumput serta pakan tinggi protein dan energi. Lebih dari 97,6% rumah tangga memelihara ternaknya dengan pakan yang diberikan dalam ember, 60% peternakan memelihara ternak berumur 3 bulan, 26% empat bulan dan 14% diatas 4 bulan. Rasio protein kasar (PK) terhadap energi metabolit (ME) pada pakan berada di bawah level peternakan pada umumnya (66:1). Perubahan bobot tubuh, nilai kondisi tubuh, lingkar dada dan penambahan bobot tubuh harian (pbbh) sapi heifer tidak dipengaruhi oleh sistem produksi. Ada perbedaan nyata dalam perubahan bobot tubuh dan pbbh karena perbedaan jumlah ternak. Keseluruhan kondisi pemeliharaan dan pertumbuhan sapi heifer bagus, namun peternakan berukuran sedang menunjukkan performa yang kurang baik dan masalah manajemen yang menonjol. Kata  kunci: sapi heifer, kota, pinggir kota, bobot tubuh, nilai kondisi tubuh
Supplementation Effect of Herbal and Organic Minerals in Beef Cattle Feed on Consumption, Digestibility, Efficiency and Daily Gain Prayitno, CH; Sutardi, TR; Suwarno, Suwarno
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract. The experiment was conducted in an attempt to study the effect of supplementation of Sapindus rarak, garlic  powder and its combinations in beef cattle feed enriched with organic minerals of Cr and Zn on feed consumption, feed digestibility, feed efficiency, daily gain of beef cattle. The study used 16 males Brahman cross cows, which were fed with feeds supplemented with 250 ppm Sapindus rarak powder,  250 ppm  Garlic powder, and a combination of 250 ppm garlic-Sapindus rarak  enriched with Cr and Zn mineral. The results showed that supplementation of Sapindus rarak, garlic and enriched organic minerals increased  the consumption of dry matter, organic matter,  digestibility of dry and organic matter, daily gain, feed efficiency, and reduced the population of rumen protozoa and bacteria. Conclusively, supplementation with 250 ppm garlic powder and  Cr-Zn organic minerals was the best for beef cattle feed to improve daily gain and feed efficiency. Key words : Sapindus rarak, garlic, Cr-Zn, beef cattle, feed efficiency Abstrak. Penelitian dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi tepung Sapindus rarak, garlic maupun kombinasinya yang diperkaya dengan mineral organik Cr dan Zn terhadap konsumsi pakan, kecernaan pakan, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi pakan sapi potong.  Penelitian menggunakan 16 ekor sapi Brahman cross, yang diberikan 250 ppm tepung Sapindus rarak, 250 ppm tepung Garlic dan 250 ppm tepung Sapindus rarak dan garlic yang diperkaya dengan mineral Cr dan Zn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa suplementasi tepung Sapindus rarak maupun garlic yang diperkaya mineral organik meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering, bahan organik, kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, pertambahan bobot badan, efisiensi pakan dan menurunkan populasi protozoa dan bakteri rumen. Suplementasi 250 ppm tepung garlic dan mineral organik Cr-Zn merupakan suplemen terbaik pada pakan sapi potong  untuk meningkatkan bobot badan dan efisiensi pakan. Kata kunci : Sapindus rarak, bawang, Cr-Zn, sapi potong, efisiensi pakan

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