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Aggregate stability of Alfisols root zone upon turfgrass treatment Rahayu Rahayu; Jauhari Syamsiyah; Laila Nikmatus Sa'diyah
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Soil degradation mostly occurs on land where a lack of surface coverage results in soil-aggregate destruction due to heavy rainfall. Turfgrass is an ornamental plant and covers the soil surface and, thus, potentially improves soil-aggregate stability. This study determined the potential of some summer grasses to improve soil-aggregate stability and was a pilot experiment using six turfgrass species: Paspalum vaginatum; middle-leaf Zoysia sp.; Cynodon dactylon; coarse-leaf Zoysia sp.; Axonopus compressus; Zoysia matrella. Turfgrasses were planted using stolons in a 0.6 m2 plot unit with 5 cm x 5 cm space. Lawn maintenance included irrigation, fertilizing, and weeding. Soil characteristics were observed six months after planting and showed that turfgrass increased the soil-aggregate index from 42.3% to 83.0% in control, and carbon particles measuring 6.4 μm from 28.3% to 63.0%.

Adding manure and zeolite to improve soil chemical properties and increase soybean yield Slamet Minardi; Isna Luthfa Haniati; Alif Husna Lantip Nastiti
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Increasing domestic soybean production is an important part of the effort to reduce reliance on imports. One potential area for improvement is developing soybean crops in Alfisols. Alfisols require intensive effort due to their poor soil chemical properties. Manure and zeolite were proposed as candidate materials that could be used to improve soil chemical properties to support plant growth and increase the productivity of cultivated land. The experiment was designed to study the addition of manure and zeolite on soil chemical properties of Alfisols and soybean yield. The experimental design was arranged in a factorial completely randomized block design with two factors—three rates of zeolite (Z0 = 0 t ha-1, Z1 = 2.5 t ha-1 and Z2 = 5 t ha-1) and three manure variables (P0 = no manure, P1 = 5 t ha-1 cow manure, and P2 = 5 t ha-1 quail manure)—with three replications. The results showed that a combination of 5 t ha-1 zeolite and cow manure increased soybean yield. However, zeolite 5 t ha-1 resulted in the greatest improvement in soil chemical properties—the highest CEC, soil organic matter percentage, and pH.

Analysis of drought hazards in agricultural land in Pacitan Regency, Indonesia Istika Nita; Aditya Nugraha Putra; Alia Fibrianingtyas
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Pacitan Regency is a region in East Java Province with varied landforms and high disaster potential, including drought. The drought hazard in this region has not yet been determined. This study was conducted to analyze the potential of drought in Pacitan Regency in 2018 with the previous two decades (1998 and 2008) to predict future droughts. The study also focused on verifying how land-use changes impact drought potential. Mapping drought potential was based on the Ministry of Forestry method and was modified for this study. Drought potential was determined by scoring features and analyzing with a weighted overlay. Reference parameters and patterns of land-use change, as determined by Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellite imagery, were analyzed. Then, the changing pattern was used to predict future 2030 land-use patterns using business as usual (BAU) analysis. For comparison, a land-use analysis was also done using the land capability class (LCC) and regional spatial plan (RSP). Data was validated using a confusion matrix. The accuracy of the drought estimation for Pacitan Regency was 75%. The results showed that the drought potential high and very-high level risk groups increased. The increase occurred due to changes in land use, specifically land management and plant species selection. Based on the results of the predicting BAU analysis, the level of potential of drought will increase by 2030. The regional spatial plan (RSP) and LCC analysis determined that, with no drought intervention, drought hazard in Pacitan Regency will increase.

Rehabilitation of critical land by Implementing complex agroforestry at the prioritized subwatersheds in the Muria Region Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti; Djoko Purnomo; Hendy Hendro; Untung Sudjianto; Budi Gunawan
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The prioritized subwatersheds are comprised of seven subwatersheds that have been declared critical within the 52 subwatersheds in the Muria Mountains. An area of approximately 11,000 ha, the topography of the prioritized subwatersheds is wavy—the typical slope ranges from 25 to 45%—and susceptible to erosion. The purpose of this research was to evaluate agroforestry cropping patterns to support soil conservation and reclamation on critical lands. This study is a quantitative description of research conducted through survey. The results show that most of the researched area has Inceptisols soil type with sandy, clay, and loam textures. The nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, C-organic, and organic matter contents are relatively low while the vegetation Diversity Index is categorized as medium. Sengon trees dominate in the prioritized subwatersheds area, followed by mahogany, coffee, and teak with average Importance Values of 89.57, 60.24, 78.40, and 21.03, respectively. This research shows that an agroforestry system comprised of sengon trees and coffee is ideally applied in the prioritized subwatersheds. Coffee requires shade and reduces rain-induced erosion; sengon trees function as a shade while at the same time contributing to the soil as a source of nutrients. During rains, this combined agroforestry system is able to control surface runoff and soil erosion. A sengon/coffee-tree based agroforestry system is ecologically friendly and appropriate for development in the prioritized subwatersheds.

Predicting peatland groundwater table and soil moisture dynamics affected by drainage level Bambang Widiarso; Slamet Minardi; Komariah Komariah; Tino Orciny Chandra; Mohamed Abdesalam Elmahdi; Masateru Senge
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Excessive drainage of peatlands can cause subsidence and irreversible drying; therefore, it is necessary to predict groundwater levels in peatlands to ensure adequate water for crops and control excessive water loss simultaneously. This study aimed to predict the peatland groundwater level and soil moisture affected by drainage. This research was conducted in a peatland located in Rasau Jaya Umum, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia from February to December 2016. Three treatments of drainage setting were established with maize cropping: without drainage (P0) and drainage channel with water level maintained at depths of 30 cm (P1) and 60 cm (P2) from the soil surface. The results indicated that a polynomial regression model is a good approach to predicting groundwater table level and soil moisture in peatlands, with R2 values ranging 0.71-0.96 and 0.65-0.93, respectively. For agricultural purposes, maintaining the water level at 30 cm from the soil surface in the drainage channel appears to be the ideal level as adequate soil moisture is provided for annual cash crops and drying is prevented simultaneously.

The decomposition and efficiency of NPK-enriched biochar addition on Ultisols with soybean Sugeng Winarso; Marga Mandala; Hari Sulistiyowati; Sukron Romadhona; Bambang Hermiyanto; Wachju Subchan
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

This research aims to compare fresh biochar and NPK-enriched biochar and their decomposition levels and nutrient absorption efficiency in acid soil with soybean. Factorial randomized block design was used in this experiment and consisted of two factors. The first factor, biochar source, comprised four levels: B0: biochar without NPK, B1: rice straw biochar + NPK, B2: soybean straw biochar + NPK, and B3: wood biochar + NPK. The second factor, biochar enrichment, comprised four levels: D1: 0.5 tons ha-1, D2: 2.5 tons ha-1, D3: 5.0 tons ha-1, and D4: 10 tons ha-1. Each treatment was replicated three times, yielding 48 experiment units. The results showed that biochar enrichment with NPK affected the decomposition level. The percentage of increasing decomposition in enriched wood biochar (0.09%) was lower than rice (0.28%) and soybean (0.53%) straw biochar. An increase in NPK absorbance efficiency and soybean dry weight was evident in NPK-enriched biochar. The highest N absorbance efficiency occurred in wood biochar (21%), followed by soybean and rice straw biochar, respectively, while the highest P and K absorbances were found in rice straw biochar (35% and 26%, respectively), followed by wood and then soybean biochar.

Agriculture versus climate change – A narrow staple-based rural livelihood of Papua New Guinea is a threat to survival under climate change Patrick S. Michael
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

This paper presents a synthesis related to the assessment of climate change and its impacts on productivity of staple crops in Papua New Guinea (PNG), paying close attention to the change in population in the next 80 years. As much as the changes in the climatic and environmental factors will affect agriculture, evidence available in the literature show increase in global and local population will put additional pressure on agriculture by competing with available land and other resources that support agricultural productivity. The developing and underdeveloped countries are considered to be largely vulnerable as more than 85% of the people depend on subsistence agriculture for rural livelihood. This synthesis showed more than 60–85% of the rural people in PNG depend on sweet potato, banana, Colocasia taro, and greater yam. Projection of the population showed there will be 22–31 million people by 2100 and will depend on narrow staple-based subsistence agriculture. The population projected means the density will be 42 people per km2, putting more pressure on limited land available. When that happens, PNG will not be prepared to mitigate, be resilient and adapt because of poor infrastructure, no development plans and lack of post-harvest technologies for loss management of the staples, most of which are root and tuber crops.

Phosphorus availability as affected by the application of organic amendments in Ultisols Zainal Muktamar; Lifia Lifia; Teguh Adiprasetyo
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The adequacy and availability of phosphorous (P) in the soil during the organic matter decomposition are important for plant growth, especially in the early stages since most organic matter slowly release plant nutrients. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the availability of P during organic amendments in Ultisols. The incubation experiment used a completely Randomized Design (CRD) for 7 treatments which consisted of vermicompost, chicken, and cattle manure at the rate of 15 and 30 Mg ha-1. Soil and organic amendments were incorporated into a 5 kg polybag and the mixture was incubated for 7 weeks. The soil was sampled at the 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks, and analyzed for P availability and pH. Also, the Total Soil Organic Carbon (TSOC), Total Soil Nitrogen (TSN), exchangeable Al, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) were analyzed from the soil sampled either at week 4 or 7. The result showed that P increased slowly in the first 3 weeks of incubation, followed by a drastic continuous increase in week 4. The experiment also confirmed that chicken manure released the highest and fastest amount of P to the soil as compared to vermicompost, and cattle manure. On average, the increment of P was 2.28, 1.71, and 1.97 mg kg-1 week-1 for chicken manure, vermicompost, and cattle manure respectively. Furthermore, the improvement of soil chemical properties was achieved using amendment as indicated by the increase in TSN, soil pH, and a decrease in exchangeable Al. The result was significant for P organic fertilization to ensure its availability for plant growth, leading to improved productivity, especially in organic farming systems.

Dryland land-use conflicts in humid tropics: an analysis using geographic information systems and land capability evaluations Risma Neswati; Sumbangan Baja; Samsu Arif; Hasni Hasni
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

This study analyses land-use conflicts in specific dryland agricultural areas in relatively dry humid tropics based on the Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations and land-capability evaluation. This research was conducted in the Regency of Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The observation site was chosen based on several maps overlapping to produce 30 land units spread across 14 land systems in Jeneponto. This study integrates ground surveys and geographic information systems technology. The land capability analysis used a simple approach factor, according to United States Department of Agriculture definitions. The results indicate that land capability was dominated by Class IV, which covered 35,133 ha or 63.1%. Class VI covered 12,581 ha or 22.6%, Class III covered up to 4,378 ha or 7.9%, and Class VIII covered 3,130 ha or 5.6%. Class VII covered only 486 hectares, or 0.9%, the smallest area. These results indicate that the dryland area which had become a land-use conflict was delineated by Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations. The drylands found in Jeneponto cover 22,214 ha or 39.9%, which has been divided into two: an area where non-dryland agriculture was converted into dryland farming (16,503 hectares, or 29.6%), and an area where dryland-farming was converted into non-agricultural dryland area (5,711 hectares, or 10.3%). Interviews with 50 farmers in the study location revealed factors that had changed agricultural dryland use into non-agricultural dryland use; lower incomes due to decreased soil fertility was a crucial factor.

Comparing the accuracy of estimating soil moisture using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) Dwi Priyo Ariyanto; Abdul Aziz; Komariah Komariah; Sumani Sumani; Magarsa Abara
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 17, No 1 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using Rstudio, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlation for soil moisture (Sig <0.05), whereas 1-month SPI and SPEI results did not. A regression test was used to get an equation model for estimating soil moisture content. The correlation for soil moisture between the 1-month SPI and SPEI results was insignificant (p-value >0.05). In contrast, the 3-, 6-, and 12-months indexes were significant (p-value <0.05). Estimating soil moisture content using the SPEI (50–59.09%) had a higher accuracy value than the SPI (36.36%), which indicates the SPEI can more reliably predict soil moisture.

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Contact Name
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Contact Email
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Phone
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Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
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Location
Kota surakarta,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA