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Soil nutrient improvement with organic amendments: a basis for lemon orchard management Raushanfikr Bushron; Atiqah Aulia Hanuf; Alfian Tri Yulianto; M. Wasilul Lutfi; Dinda Mahartian Yunita; Retno Suntari; Soemarno Soemarno
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.99868

Lemon trees require the nutrients they extract from the soil. This research aims to analyze the impact of organic matter application on enhancing soil nutrient availability and improving soil chemical properties using a pot-scale incubation experiment. This study used a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replications. The pot treatment used 10 kg of air-dry soil per pot mixed with an organic matter dosage of 30 tons ha-1 and was observed at 2, 4, 8 weeks after applications. The treatment consisted of P1 (topsoil, control), P2 (subsoil, control), P3 (topsoil + compost), P4 (subsoil + compost), P5 (topsoil + cow manure), P6 (subsoil + cow manure), P7 (topsoil + goat manure), and P8 (subsoil + goat manure). The results indicated that compost and manure fertilizer had a significant effect in increasing soil chemical properties (pH, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, total-N, available-P, and exchangeable-K), with topsoil treatment having the highest value compared to the subsoil treatment, almost at all parameters. The topsoil treatment + 30 tons ha⁻¹ cow manure significantly increased the N-total by 44.44% at 8 and 12 WAA on the control treatment. The topsoil treatment + goat manure 30 tons ha-1 significantly increased P-available by 13.63 - 29.74% and exchangeable-K by 40.61 - 62.88% at 4, 8, and 12 WAA against the control treatment. Based on these findings, the best fertilizer method of topsoil treatment + 30 tons ha⁻¹ of manure is recommended to increase the soil fertility of the lemon tree soil.

Monitoring vegetation cover trends in the steppe region of western Algeria using MODIS imagery Kious, Chahrazed; Maatoug, M’hamed; Bouacha, Mohamed Islam; Maatoug, Zakaria Zineddine
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.80849

The steppe region of Chehaima (Tiaret Province, northwestern Algeria) covers an area of 2,202 km², representing 10.94% of the total area of Tiaret. This study identified the ecological state of the area using a spatial theme from a 24-year synchronized moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite image campaign (2000–2023). The adopted method consists of analyzing spectral indices (normalized difference vegetative index, low surface temperature (LST), and soil moisture index) from MODIS sensors (MOD13Q1), making it possible to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the vegetation in the study area and to identify regions degraded by several biotic and abiotic factors. The results show a vegetation cover rate of intense fluctuations in unfavorable conditions over 24 years. The percentage of plant growth recorded does not exceed 32%. The abundance of LST vegetation decreases when the LST exceeds 35°C, with a soil that has a water deficit. The De Martonne aridity index (I) classifies the study area as a lower semiarid bioclimatic zone. These indicators made it possible to determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation, which modifies the plant cover, leading to the loss of native species such as alfa Stipa tenacissima L. Defensive measures are necessary over large areas of the study area to allow successful protection of steppe rangelands through a sustainable conservation strategy, preserving endemic species, stabilizing dunes, and adopting the steppe rotation system.

Applications of synthetic microbial communities platform through plant growth-promoting traits to enhance ecological functions in sustainable agriculture Chanchao Chem; Sreyneang Nhim; Thev Pol; Sreylen Meas; Eneang Ourn; Techchheng San; Channa Nget; Tsukasa Ito
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.104687

Synthetic microbial communities (SynCom) present a promising strategy for sustainably enhancing agricultural productivity and ecological resilience. This review critically discusses recent advancements in applying SynCom within agricultural ecosystems and highlights their practical benefits for economic sustainability. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits are essential for developing SynCom, as they enhance plant growth, increase nutrient uptake, improve stress tolerance, and support resistance to pathogens. SynCom demonstrates significant effectiveness as a biofertilizer, substantially improving soil health and crop yields through enhanced nutrient cycling and bioavailability. Its role as a biopesticide is also significant, as it offers an eco-friendly approach to insect pest management. The integration of SynCom into agricultural practices has proven to enhance plant disease resistance, significantly contributing to crop resilience. Moreover, SynCom plays a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, promoting carbon sequestration, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Its applications extend to environmental remediation, where it effectively degrades hazardous pollutants in agricultural soils and efficiently processes lignocellulosic biomass, supporting sustainable biomass utilization. SynCom offers considerable advantages but also faces challenges, including community stability, environmental adaptability, and regulatory concerns. Future research efforts aim to address these limitations and enhance SynCom's efficacy regarding long-term agricultural sustainability. Our review provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to construct SynCom-based strategies that promote plant growth, enhance sustainable agriculture, and support environmental conservation.

Reducing potassium leaching in peat soil using potassium zeolite-based fertilizer (ZEKA) Eko Noviandi Ginting; Syaiful Anwar; Budi Nugroho; Suroso Rahutomo
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.93266

Using peat soils for agricultural purposes is challenged by low fertilizer efficiency, especially potassium chloride (KCl). On the other hand, zeolite is a potential material to produce slow-release fertilizers to improve fertilizer efficiency. This study aims to evaluate and compare potassium leaching from a conventional potassium fertilizer, KCl, and a zeolite-based potassium fertilizer, ZEKA, on peat soil columns. The ZEKA fertilizer was produced using two different zeolite particle sizes: coarse zeolite (ZC) and fine zeolite (ZF). The K leached from the fertilizers was measured in a peat soil column. Three zeolite-based potassium fertilizers were formulated: (1) 40% potassium-impregnated zeolite and 60% KCl; (2) 50% potassium-impregnated zeolite and 50% KCl; and (3) 60% potassium-impregnated zeolite and 40% KCl. Since two different sizes of zeolite were used in this study—coarse zeolite (ZC) and fine zeolite (ZF)—the results of the formulation are referred to as follows: ZC-1, ZC-2, ZC-3, ZF-1, ZF-2, and ZF-3. The experiment was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were as follows: (1) control, (2) KCl, (3) ZC-1, (4) ZC-2, (5) ZC-3, (6) ZF-1, (7) ZF-2, and (8) ZF-3. The findings revealed that ZC-1 and ZF-1 were the most effective ZEKA fertilizer formulations, with total potassium leached of 1.84 grams and 1.05 grams, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the total potassium leached from ZEKA fertilizer was 1.71 grams, while the total potassium leached from KCl fertilizer was 2.83 grams. The results showed that ZEKA fertilizer reduced potassium leaching by around 40% compared to KCl fertilizer. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used to improve the efficiency of potassium fertilizer, particularly in agricultural practices on the peatlands.

Peat soil treatment using hydrogen peroxide and its adsorption towards potassium ion (K+) in aqueous solution Galuh Yuliani; Suci Karina; Mita Nurhayati; Siska Mutiara; Mamun Mollah; Shangeetha Ganesan
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.93520

Peat soil contains functional groups such as carboxylic acid and hydroxyls that bind metal ions and organic compounds in solution. However, the adsorption capacity of natural peat soil is still considered low. Therefore, this study aims to alter the peat surface using a hydrogen peroxide solution and to utilize the resulting peat as an adsorbent for K+ ions in an aqueous solution. Peat soil was treated with a 10% hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes. The infrared spectra of the treated peat indicated an increase in the intensity of hydroxyl groups (-OH) at 3400 cm-1 and a sharp increase in carboxylic groups (-COOH) at 1700 cm-1. SEM photos showed that the porosity of the treated peat was higher, probably due to oxidation reactions that resulted in new pores on the surface, and BET analysis confirmed the increase in surface area upon treatment. During the adsorption experiment, the residual concentrations of K+ ions were determined using AAS. The adsorption capacities of raw and treated peat were 37.40 mg g-1 and 59.53 mg g-1, respectively. When fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, the adsorption data plots followed the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating reversible adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation showed that the interaction energy between peat soil and K+ ions was lower after treatment, indicating that K+ ions bind to exchange sites on the treated peat soil.

Nutrient status and soil fertility index as a basis for sustainable rice field management in Madiun Regency, Indonesia Suntoro, Suntoro; Herdiansyah, Ganjar; Mujiyo, Mujiyo
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.73845

Agricultural development, specifically for crops, contributes significantly to national development. However, problems with water and low soil fertility are obstacles to this development. This study evaluated the nutritional status and soil fertility index as the basis for determining the direction of rice field management in Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research method was conducted by surveying the soil characteristics followed by laboratory analysis. Soil samples were collected using stratified proportional sampling from 19 land units with 31 samples. The soil fertility index was determined using a principal component analysis test and calculated by dividing the weights by the minimum soil fertility index indicators. The study results show that the nutritional status of total N in the study area is low to high (0.13%–0.59%) and total P is very low to very high (12.18–73.66 ppm), whereas the status of exchangeable K is very low to very high (0.01–0.67 cmol.kg−1), Cation Exchange Capacity is low to high (12.8–36.0 cmol.kg−1), and organic carbon is low to very high (1.98%–6.54%). The soil fertility index ranges from medium to extremely high. The influential indicators are total P, total N, exchangeable K, and organic carbon. It is recommended that the rice field management system implement a “sustainable agricultural intensification” system that combines the two systems “intensification” and “sustainable agroecosystem.” This system still uses proportional inorganic and organic fertilizers (manure, compost, and agricultural waste).

Effects of vermicompost and phosphatic fertilizers on soybean yield, phosphorus content, uptake, and post-harvest soil properties M. Abdullah Al Mamun; Jannatul Tamanna; Md. Rayhanul Hoque; A.K.M. Mosharof Hossain; Hiroshi Hasegawa
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.102411

To boost phosphorus (P) availability in soils, adding organic matter like compost, manure, or vermicompost (VC) is a sustainable solution. A field experiment investigated how VC and phosphatic fertilizers affect P bioavailability, plant uptake, and yield response of BARI Soybean-5. Eight treatments i.e., T1 = control (no P), T2 = 100% recommended dose of P (RDP) from triple superphosphate (TSP), T3 = 100% RDP from diammonium phosphate (DAP), T4 = 100% RDP from VC, T5 = 75% RDP from TSP + 25% from VC, T6 = 75% RDP from DAP + 25% from VC, T7 = 50% RDP from TSP + 50% from VC, and T8 = 50% RDP from DAP + 50% from VC were replicated thrice on randomized complete block design (RCBD). T2 treatment generated a maximum seed yield of soybean (1.66 t ha-1), exceeding T3, T5, T6, T7, and T8 treatments with 1.63, 1.54, 1.52, 1.50, and 1.50 t ha-1, respectively. Also, T2 performed the highest P contents in seed, root, and straw (1.27, 0.19, and 0.41%, respectively) and total uptake of P (28.15 kg ha-1) among the treatments. T4 exhibited significantly higher levels of organic C, total N, available P, exchangeable K, and available S. Overall findings revealed that growing BARI Soybean-5 with 100% RDP from TSP (T2) proved a good practice for yield response, but 100% RDP from VC (T4) would be preferable for long-term soil health. This study would be helpful for choosing organic or inorganic sources of P fertilizers for soybean production.

Assessing soil fertility index under different forest land cover Widyatmani Sih Dewi; Purwanto Purwanto; Siti Solikhatun Anisa; Sri Hartati
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i2.67056

Soil fertility is often evaluated under various forest land cover types to determine the capacity of each area to support plant productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) assess the current soil fertility status of six land cover types in the Alas Bromo educational forest of Universitas Sebelas Maret using the Soil Fertility Index method and (2) identify the factors influencing the status. The six different land cover types investigated in this descriptive-exploratory study using a survey method included (1) pine, (2) pine-mahogany, (3) mahogany, (4) mixed trees, (5) annual crops, and (6) pine replanting, with four repetitions. Furthermore, the composite soil sample represented each repetitive area, and the assessment results showed that the soil fertility status was categorized as low to moderate. The categorization order was mahogany>mixed trees>pine replanting>annual crops>pine>pine-mahogany which had fertility indices of 0.57, 0.56, 0.53, 0.51, 0.49, and 0.45, respectively. Soil fertility determinants across the six land cover types comprised litterfall, breast height diameter, and tree density. Future investigations should evaluate the relationship between litter quality, soil biota, and decomposition rate with fertility to identify the appropriate strategy for fertility enhancement on each land cover.

Effect of bentonite application on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical behaviour of Triticum durum Desf and Triticum aestivum L. cultivated in saline soils Mohammed El Amine Bachir Bouiadjra; Malika Ghellai; Ahmed Megharbi; Seher Bahar Aciksoz; Abdesselem Si Mohammed; José Galian
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.109578

Soil salinity represents a major constraint to agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions, severely affecting cereal growth and yield. This study evaluated the effect of mineral soil amendments using two types of bentonite, sodium bentonite from Mostaganem (B-Na) and calcium bentonite from Maghnia (B-Ca), on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. And bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivated in saline soil 19 dS.m⁻¹ from the Relizane region (western Algeria). Greenhouse experiments were conducted using bentonite doses of 5% and 10% (w/w) to assess plant growth parameters, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll pigments, and soluble sugar levels. Both bentonites enhanced wheat performance under saline conditions, with the 5% dose producing the most favourable effects. Notably, 5% B-Na significantly increased RWC, chlorophyll concentration, and soluble sugar content in T. aestivum compared with the saline control. Excessive amendment (10%) did not yield further benefits. These findings suggest that moderate application of bentonite can effectively alleviate salinity stress and improve physiological performance in wheat. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing bentonite type and dose based on soil characteristics and crop sensitivity to salinity.

Dynamics of soil fertility and rice productivity in irrigated rice fields under different cropping patterns Rufaidah Qonita Muslim; Agus Suprihatin; Anden Siti Fatimah; Waluyo Waluyo; Suparwoto Suparwoto; Jumakir Jumakir; Yustisia Yustisia; Niluh Putu Sri Ratmini; Budi Raharjo
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.98500

Irrigated rice fields serve as the primary land for rice production. Whether continuous rice cultivation or alternating with secondary crops, the cropping pattern in these filelds depends on water supply. These differences in cropping patterns will affect the soil's nutrient dynamics and rice productivity. This research aims to analyze the soil fertility dynamics and rice productivity in irrigated rice fields under different cropping patterns. The study used an oversite design with two factors, namely cropping patterns (rice-rice-rice (R-R-R), rice-rice-corn (R-R-C), and rice-rice-soybean (R-R-S)), and superior varieties (Inpari 23 and Mentik wangi). The results showed that the overall fertility of irrigated rice fields was low, with crucial limiting factors being deficiencies in total N, available P, and K nutrients. Differences in cropping patterns on Inceptisol significantly affect available P. The R-R-R cropping pattern, including the Inpari 23 and Mentik wangi varieties, provided the highest productivity, reaching 6.5-6.9 t ha-1. Selecting the right superior varieties and those by cropping patterns can increase the dry milled grain (MDG) yields by 23.52-30.1% compared to other superior varieties. Sufficient water availability throughout the growing phase can increase rice productivity by 33.3 -56.2% (1.5-2.3 times). Therefore, the key to intensive rice field management is not only to pay attention to soil fertility (nutrient dynamics), fertilization (organic and inorganic), and pest and disease control, but also to ensure the availability of sufficient water during cultivation and to use superior varieties. This research is beneficial for farmers, stakeholders, and the government in efforts to increase food security.

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