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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Biochar Quality During Slow Pyrolysis from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Its Application as Soil Ameliorant Amsar Maulana; Mimien Harianti; Salma Athiyya; Teguh Budi Prasetyo; Moli Monikasari; Irwan Darfis; Dewi Rezki; Herviyanti Herviyanti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.93859

Abstract

The optimal utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste holds significant potential for biomass bioconversion via slow pyrolysis, presenting a promising alternative for producing high-quality biochar as a soil ameliorant. This study investigates the effects of slow pyrolysis temperatures (≤ 300 °C) on the physicochemical properties of biochar derived from OPEFB and evaluates its efficacy as a soil ameliorant. This study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications across two experiments. The first experiment assessed the effect of slow pyrolysis temperature on the quality of biochar derived from OPEFB, with treatments set at four temperatures (150, 200, 250, and 300 °C) levels. The second experiment evaluated the impact of the selected biochar on the surface charge of oil palm plantation soil, applying biochar at five different doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 tons ha-¹). The potential temperature of 200 °C in slow pyrolysis had a significant effect on the quality of biochar from OPEFB with a yield ratio of 27.84% char; proximate (91.95% volatile matter and 0.81% fixed carbon), cation exchange capacity (CEC) [167.73 cmol(+) kg-1], and macro and micronutrients (e.g., C, N, P, K, Ca, Si, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn). The potential of O-H, N-H, C-H, and C=O functional groups of biochar from OPEFB for nutrient availability and absorption efficiency proven by the effect of 40 tons ha-1 biochar from OPEFB which significantly increased 80% of soil surface charge [pH by 0.80; organic matter (OM) composition by 19.8%, CEC by 11 cmol(+) kg-1] and nutrients [0.93% C; 0.04% N; 17.57 ppm P2O5; 0.65 cmol(+) kg-1 K] on Inceptisols.
The Prebiotic Index of Dried-Growol Made with Different Cassava Varieties and Cooking Methods Chatarina Wariyah; Nurul Huda; Agus Slamet
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.84506

Abstract

Cassava is a staple food source of carbohydrates that contain high starch levels. However, low amylose starch consumption can result in increased postprandial blood sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to provide food based on cassava, such as dried-growol, which gives a feeling of satiety for a long time and has a prebiotic effect. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of cassava varieties and cooking methods on the resistant starch (RS) content and the prebiotic index of dried-growol produced. This research was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely cassava variety (M = Mentega, L = Lanting, and K = Ketan) and dried-growol cooking method (Au = Autoclave, ST = Steaming, and PC = Pressure cooker). Dried-growol was processed through preparation, fermentation, boiling, cooling, and drying. The cassava and dried-growol were analyzed for their moisture, starch, amylose, and RS content, while the prebiotic index was analyzed on dried-growol. Prebiotic index testing used two cultures of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results showed that RS levels were only influenced by cassava varieties. Dried-growols from the Lanting variety, cooked with steaming (L-ST) and with a pressure cooker (L-PC), contain high RS, ranging between 22.51 and 27.03 g 100 g-1 dry matter, and have potential as prebiotic food as indicated by the increased viability of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum bacteria grown in media with cooked dried-growol supplements of L-ST or L-PC, with a prebiotic index between 0.82 and 0.90. Thus, dried-growol has the potential to be a functional prebiotic food that can serve as a staple food that is beneficial for health.
Effectiveness of Antioxidants and Resistance to Diamondback Moth Infestation in Green Mustard Plants Using Ethanol Extracts from Millettia pachyloba Drake Leaves: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation Tran Thi Phuong Nhung; Le Pham Tan Quoc
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.90957

Abstract

The growing interest in medicinal plants as sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides has led to the exploration of Millettia pachyloba (MPDE) for pest management. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MPDE in controlling Diamondback moth (DBM) infestation and enhancing oxidative stress tolerance in green mustard plants. The goal is to determine MPDE’s potential to improve pest resistance and mitigate plant oxidative stress. The experiment involved applying MPDE at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% (w/v) to DBM larvae and green mustard plants, with fipronil 5% SC and water as controls. In vitro, the effects of MPDE on DBM larvae were assessed using bioassays, including oviposition, feeding preferences, and insecticidal activity. In vivo, MPDE was sprayed on green mustard plants infested with DBM larvae, and plant growth, survival, and yield were monitored. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays. The results of the study at p < 0.05 showed that MPDE significantly reduced oviposition and feeding by DBM, with higher concentrations demonstrating greater effectiveness. MPDE also increased DBM larval mortality, improved stem bending capacity, and enhanced plant survival, particularly at concentrations of 10%, which were comparable to fipronil. Moreover, MPDE exhibited significant antioxidant activity and reversed DBM-induced inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, reducing oxidative stress. These findings suggest that MPDE is a promising, eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, enhancing pest resistance and oxidative stress tolerance in plants.
Screening 27 Genotypes of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) for Resistance to Three Species of Begomovirus Dian Yogi Noviana; Rudi Hari Murti; Panjisakti Basunanda; Ratih Wahyuni; Mustika Ajeng Kartini Putri Pertiwi
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.91211

Abstract

Three primary species of Begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV), Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), and Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), have significantly impacted eggplant production in Indonesia, with infections often involving multiple viruses causing severe symptoms. Utilizing resistant cultivars for these viruses is the most effective control method. This study aimed to identify resistant genotypes and evaluate the heritability of eggplant resistance to Begomovirus. In a controlled environment, 27 eggplant genotypes were inoculated with the single of three Begomovirus species separately (molecularly confirmed), using Bemisia tabaci as a vector. The plants were inoculated at the seedling growth stage and observed weekly until the disease progression stabilized. These assessments included monitoring symptoms, the number of symptomatic plants, and assigning disease severity scores to each individual. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey-HSD tests at α = 5%. The results indicated that EPA 21016 A genotype was resistant to TYLCKaV, with the lowest disease incidence (2.5%) and severity (1.25%), making it a promising parental line for breeding virus-resistant cultivars. However, all genotypes were susceptible to PepYLCIV and ToLCNDV, with a 100% disease incidence. High heritability for TYLCKaV resistance suggests its potential for early-generation selection, while low heritability for PepYLCIV and ToLCNDV indicates the need for enhanced genetic variability.
Decolorization and Bioelectricity Generation from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by a Photosynthetic Bacterial Consortium Pimprapa Chaijak; Alisa Kongthong
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.92943

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the dark brown agricultural wastewater from palm oil extraction factories. It is difficult to decolorize using conventional methods. Melanoidin is a dark-colored polymer formed through the Maillard reaction which is the primary cause of the dark color in POME. This study investigated the potential of a photosynthetic bacterial consortium consisting of Blastochloris sulfoviridis and Lentimicrobium saccharophilum for POME treatment and bioenergy generation. The consortium effectively removed melanoidin content (68.89±0.84%) and color (60.87±1.22%) from POME without the addition of chemicals or culture medium. Additionally, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated with the consortium generated apower output of up to 5.70±1.06 W m-3. The degraded metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment. The results revealed that melanoidin was converted to 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexane, butylated hydroxytoluene, and stigmasta-3,5-diene. Following treatment, the cell pellet was recovered and analyzed for valuable by-products. Carotenoid and astaxanthin pigments were extracted with yields of 0.32±0.01 and 0.02±0.00 mg g-1, respectively. These findings demonstrate the versatility of the photosynthetic bacterial consortium, which offers a sustainable solution for POME treatment while simultaneously POME decolorization and producing bioenergy and valuable compounds.
Assessing Land Use Intensity and Ecosystem Service Dynamics in Citarum Watershed, Indonesia Irmadi Nahib; Widiatmaka Widiatmaka; Suria Darma Tarigan; Wiwin Ambarwulam; Fadhlullah Ramadhani
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93122

Abstract

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) significantly impact ecosystem services (ES), often leading to land degradation and disrupting natural balance. This study examines how LULC changes have influenced total ecosystem services (TES) in Citarum Watershed over the past decade. Specifically, researchers analyze (1) the shifts in LULC and key ES components—water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and carbon storage (CS)—from 2010 to 2020, (2) the spatial relationship between land use intensity (LUI) and ES, and (3) the synchronization and distribution patterns of LUI and TES using a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model. The findings reveal significant LULC changes between 2010 and 2020, with bare/shrubland and agricultural areas expanding by 88.37% and 2.25%, while forest land and lakes declined by 0.78% and 0.09%. These transformations affected ES values, as WY and CS decreased by 15.01% and 4.98%, whereas SC increased by 12.03%. Overall, TES declined by 7.54%, with the steepest reduction (17.70%) observed in the downstream region. The coupling coordination analysis highlights an imbalance between LUI and TES, with 65 to 68% of sub-districts classified as imbalanced. These results underscore the urgent need for integrated land-use planning strategies to restore ecosystem balance and promote sustainability in Citarum Watershed.
Stakeholders and Farmers’ Preferences Towards Contract Attributes: Evidence from Hybrid Maize Production in Indonesia Destu Syah Inanda; Pandu Laksono; Any Suryantini; Arini Wahyu Utami
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.88996

Abstract

The availability of quality seeds is critical to supporting the sustainability of agriculture, which is further reinforced by the success of contract farming between seed companies and partner farmers. To foster a mutually beneficial partnership, it is essential to align the needs of farmers with the facilities and services provided by the company through well-defined contract terms and conditions. This study aims to explore the contract attribute preferences and their importance levels among farmers, growth leaders, and companies using a quantitative approach. A discrete choice experiment utilizing the conditional logit model was employed to investigate the preferences of 170 farmers, while a descriptive analysis was used to outline the preferences of other stakeholders. The findings indicate that farmers prefer written agreements over informal ones, favor shorter contract durations, and demand higher prices. Additionally, farmers showed a marked preference for receiving inputs, incentives, and credits. The preference patterns of stakeholders align with those of farmers regarding agreement form, inputs, price, incentives, and credit, although stakeholders tend to favor contracts with longer durations. Based on the rank-based quotient method, both growth leaders and farmers identified price, input subsidies, incentives, credits, agreement form, and duration as the most important attributes in maize seed partnership contracts, in descending order of importance. Contrarily, the company prioritizes input subsidies over other attributes, including price, duration, credit, incentive, and agreement form. These insights can inform the design of more suitable and effective contracts, thereby fostering sustainable partnership relationships in the future.
Dynamics of Nitrogen Mineralization by Organic and Inorganic Amendments Through Enzyme Activity of Microbial Community in Laboratory Incubation Md.Tariful Alam Khan; Md. Billal Hossain Momen; Md. Rashedur Rahman Tanvir; Md. Robiul Islam
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.92849

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers provide an immediate nitrogen supply but require repeated application at critical growth stages; however, excessive chemical fertilizer application harms the environment. In contrast, organic fertilizers release nitrogen gradually for a long time, and microbial fertilizers enhance nutrient availability. This study investigated the effects of integrating chemical nitrogen (CN), poultry manure (PM), and microbial fertilizer (MBF) on soil nitrogen availability and microbial activity. Eight treatments were applied: T0 (control), T1 (100% CN), T2 (100% CN + MBF), T3 (75% CN + 25% PM + MBF), T4 (50% CN + 50% PM + MBF), T5 (25% CN + 75% PM + MBF), T6 (100% PM + MBF), and T7 (100% PM). Soil nitrogen fractions, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition were analyzed. Integrated treatments improved nitrogen availability compared to sole CN application, with T4 showing the highest NO₃--N accumulation. Additionally, T4 increased total nitrogen, organic carbon, and microbial biomass, enhancing soil fertility. Enzymatic activities, including urease, catalase, invertase, and cellulase, responded positively to the integrated treatments, reflecting improved soil health. PLFA analysis revealed shifts in microbial community composition, highlighting the role of PM in promoting microbial diversity and biomass. These findings highlight that blending 50% CN and 50% PM with MBF balances immediate and sustained nitrogen release while stimulating microbial diversity and soil enzyme functions and improves overall soil health, making it a promising strategy for sustainable soil fertility management and reducing chemical fertilizer dependency.
Potassium Fractionation and Stock in Clay Soils: Influence of Geochemical and Mineralogical Properties in Yogyakarta Region, Indonesia Eko Hanudin; Padana Aperta Barus; Makruf Nurudin; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93721

Abstract

Research on potassium (K) dynamics in upland clay soils, particularly those derived from tertiary-aged rocks, remains limited in Yogyakarta. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among geochemical indices, K fractions, and K stock in upland clay soils, considering the influence of their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Thirty soil samples were collected from five geological formations at two depths (0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm), with three replicates selected from each formation through purposive sampling. Soil characterization was performed using routine methods, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Geochemical indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA), Vogt residual index (VR), alumina to potassium oxide ratio (AKN), silica to sesquioxide (Si/Seq), and Ruxton ratio (R) were calculated, and K stock was determined. The results showed that feldspar contributes to K stock in upland clay soils. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that only the AKN index significantly correlated with K-pseudo-total and K-non-exchangeable (p < 0.01). The highest K-pseudo-total concentration was found in P4-Sentolo (1,326 to 1,715 mg kg-¹) and the highest concentrations of K-non-exchangeable were observed in P5-Kebobutak (1.37 to 1.78 cmolc kg-¹). Significant correlations between K-exchangeable and K-water-soluble with total organic carbon and K-non-exchangeable were also identified (p < 0.01). The highest K-exchangeable concentration was recorded in P2-Nglanggran (0.17 to 0.33 cmolc kg-¹), while the lowest was found in P1-Wonosari (0.04 to 0.09 cmolc kg-1). All clay soils exhibited K-exchangeable concentrations below the critical deficiency level. Understanding these relationships is crucial for effective soil management and sustainable agricultural production. Targeted fertilization strategies can be developed based on the dominant K fraction in each soil.
Network Governance of Rural Water Management to Cope with Adverse Impacts of Climate Change: Evidence from An Irrigated Dry Area in Central Java, Indonesia Mohammad Rondhi; Syamsul Hadi; Muhamad Imanuddin; Yasuhiro Mori; Takumi Kondo; Rokhani Rokhani; Anik Suwandari; Ebban Bagus Kuntadi; Shohibul Ulum; Nita Anisya Firdaus
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.91715

Abstract

Irrigation management in Indonesia has always involved challenges. There are at least three phases in irrigation management: the rain-fed phase, technical irrigation in irrigation buildings, and technical irrigation to mitigate climate change (CC). This study investigated irrigation management based on local wisdom as a form of CC adaptation. The research was conducted in Klambu Kanan Irrigation District (KKID), where 11,005 ha of rice fields are irrigated in three regencies. The subjects of this research were 40 irrigation Water User Associations (WUAs), and the research instrument was a model that provided incentives to manage WUAs, cropping patterns, and water fees in response to CC. The results showed that CC has had impacts on rice fields in the KKID, such as mud flooding due to changes in land cover. There are two models employed by the WUAs: a “self-governance model” (SGM) and an “auction model” (AM), the latter of which is a form of management based on “network governance” (NG). The SGM emphasizes the participation of members (community-based) through social capital, while the AM emphasizes the availability of capital in irrigation management (provider-based). More than 77% of WUAs employed the SGM, while the rest employed the AM. In addition, the SGM was utilized for 180 more days per year than the AM, which was used for 47 days per year. Finally, the productivity of the SGM was higher than that of AM. Further research is needed to compare SGM and AM to confirm that SGM is more widely applied than AM.

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