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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Role of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (Thai Basil) Aqueous Extract Treated with Yeast Suspension in Enhancing Tomato Plant Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Wurood Hantoosh Neamah; Shatha Fadel Abdel sayed; Fatimah Ali Hasan
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.78387

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most popular vegetable crop in the world. It is grown almost all over the world. The biggest challenge in producing this crop is diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum. In developing eco-friendly antifungal selective substances for controlling Fusarium diseases, the role of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (Thai basil) aqueous extract against stimulated F. oxysporum was studied in vivo. The presoaked tomato seeds with yeast-treated and untreated O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extracts were cultivated in F. oxysporum-infused soil. This part investigated the recovery role of these botanical extracts against the Fusarium infection on tomato plants, especially on its growth and biochemical traits. The research showed that the vegetative and floral growth parameters of plant decreased significantly due to F. oxysporum infection. The pigment contents, including carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene in tomato fruits, were also passively affected by fungus infection at variance to phenolic and flavonoid content. Moreover, the O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extract presoaked seeds remarkably enhanced the growth parameters of plant and the fruit pigment content. There was no significant difference in fungus infection recovery between infected plants that got yeast-treated extract and infected plants that got yeast-untreated extract. However, the pathogen inhibition percentage with extract from yeast-treated Thai basil plants in vitro increased. This research showed that utilizing O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extract to control F. oxysporum infection of tomato plants was possible and available.
Hormesis in Pathogenic and Biocontrol Fungi: From Inhibition to Stimulation Krisnanda Surya Dharma; Suryanti Suryanti; Ani Widiastuti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.83012

Abstract

Hormesis, a biphasic response where low doses of stressors stimulate growth and high doses inhibit it, has significant implications for agricultural chemical use. This review explores the impact of low-dose fungicides or pesticides on pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. This study highlights how sublethal dose exposure can enhance growth and virulence of fungal pathogens, while also potentially increasing their stress tolerance at higher doses. This phenomenon complicates fungicide resistance management strategies. The review focuses on specific fungicides such as dimethachlone, prochloraz, carbendazim, and others, and their hormetic effects on fungal pathogens. Furthermore, the effects of low-dose pesticides and fungicides on beneficial fungi like entomopathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are discussed. Here, low-dose exposure can stimulate the germination of entomopathogenic fungal conidia and enhance AMF root colonization and phosphorus uptake. However, hormesis can have trade-offs, potentially leading to unforeseen consequences for the organism. A thorough understanding of hormesis and dose-dependent fungicide effects is crucial for optimizing disease management and agricultural practices. This knowledge can inform strategies to minimize pathogen resistance and promote sustainable approaches. Implementing integrated disease management that combines fungicides with different modes of action alongside other control methods can be effective. Careful consideration of fungicide doses and potential hormesis effects is paramount for ensuring sustainable plant disease control and food security.
Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan Esa Ghanim Fadhallah; Ahmad Sapta Zuidar; Sri Hidayati; Haidawati Haidawati; Amarilia Harsanti Dameswary; Aisyah Tri Ramadhani
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.92035

Abstract

Cocoa pod husk (CPH), typically considered agricultural waste, contains cellulose suitable for bioplastic production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics. Its reinforcement with kappa-carrageenan is designed to improve the properties of cellulose-based bioplastics while reducing agricultural waste. This study evaluates the effects of cellulose from CPH waste and kappa-carrageenan formulations on bioplastic properties. The cellulose was isolated through a delignification and bleaching process, while the bioplastics were prepared by varying the ratios of cellulose and kappa-carrageenan in six different formulations. The resulting films were evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties, as well as their stability and biodegradability. The ratio of cellulose to kappa-carrageenan significantly impacts the films’ properties. Significant improvements in tensile strength were observed in P5 (2 g cellulose, 8 g kappa-carrageenan) and P6 (10 g kappa-carrageenan), increasing by 79% and 240%, respectively, as the cellulose concentration decreased and kappa-carrageenan increased. However, the significant drawback in barrier properties was found in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), with the higher kappa-carrageenan and lower cellulose concentrations films resulting in increased WVTR values by 13% (P5) and 17% (P6). The bioplastic with P1 (8 g cellulose, 2 g carrageenan), P2 (6 g cellulose, 4 g carrageenan), P3 (5 g cellulose, 5 g carrageenan), and P4 (4 g cellulose, 6 g carrageenan) formulations completely degraded in 3 weeks, while those with higher kappa-carrageenan content degraded faster, with P5 completely degrading in 2 weeks and P6 in 1 week. This study implies a potential reduction in environmental impact by replacing conventional plastics with the development of biodegradable materials derived from agricultural waste and promoting sustainable agricultural practices by utilizing CPH.
Identification and Reduction of Bitter Taste Determinant Compounds in Chocolate Spread Formulated with Candlenut Zenita Mulya Astuti; Dwi Larasatie Nur Fibri; Siham Ayouaz; Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80167

Abstract

Candlenuts can be used as a substitute in producing chocolate spread due to their high-fat content. However, the limitation of using candlenut in the spread formulation is the existence of a bitter taste. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium bisulfite and sodium bicarbonate soaking treatment (100, 300, and 500 ppm) on reducing the bitter taste of candlenut seed. In order to reach the goal, bitter compounds of candlenut and chocolate spread were identified using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The sensory characteristics of chocolate spread were profiled using the Rate All That Apply (RATA) descriptive method. It was shown that the panelists identified 14 sensory attributes in the samples, one of which was bitter taste. Treatment with sodium bisulfite, as well as sodium bicarbonate at the level of 300 ppm, reduced the intensity of the bitter taste. The treatment reduced flavonoid and tannin levels by 85.21% and 82.08% in candlenut seeds. It also reduced flavonoid and tannin levels by 88.47% and 72.71% in chocolate spread, respectively. LC-MS identified 13 compounds that cause the bitter taste, namely quercetin, oleuropein, kaemferol, resveratrol dimer, luteolin, epicatechin, theobromine, caffeine, iso-humolones, colaflavone, chlorogenic acid, feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid, and coumaroylquinic acid. This study creates a new technique for producing chocolate spread formulated with candlenuts with lower bitterness levels.
Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia: Genetic Characterization and Strain Detection Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu; Itji Diana Daud; Andi Nasruddin; Melina Melina
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.91748

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest of corn plants spreading throughout the world, including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. Despite the wide distribution, there is a lack of information on the strain or genetic diversity of the pest in NTT. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the strain of S. frugiperda from several areas in NTT with a molecular method using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi) gene markers. The samples were collected from 3 islands: Timor, Flores, and Sumba. Amplification of the marker genes was carried out using 3 specific primers to identify the strain obtained from samples. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were sequenced and the DNA sequences were analyzed using the BioEdit and BLAST programs. Phylogeny analyses were carried out using the MEGA 11 program to verify the strain group of samples with reference isolates from other countries found in GenBank. The PCR results showed product amplicon size 811 bp for the CO1A marker. Based on phylogeny tree analysis using COI marker, S. frugiperda from NTT showed 2 clades, namely corn and rice strains. The characterization results showed that S. frugiperda in NTT comprised 63.6% corn and 36.4% rice strains. COIB classified S. frugiperda from NTT into the h4 haplotype subgroup, while Tpi gene marker was in the corn strain. This study provided valuable information regarding the strain of S. frugiperda in Indonesia to determine the appropriate control strategy.
Effect of Different Types of Biochar Applications and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Quality and Yield of Edamame Soybeans on Andisols Ramdhana Karimah; Benito Heru Purwanto; Eko Hanudin; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami; Margi Asih Maimunah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80217

Abstract

Edamame soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols presents a formidable challenge due to restricted phosphorus availability despite high phosphorus retention. Unlocking the full potential of this crop demands innovative solutions. This study delves into the transformative effects of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer, individually and synergistically, on edamame soybean growth in Andisols. Employing a randomized complete block design, researchers investigate three types of biochar (B0: control, B1: biochar pellets, B2: biochar powder) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (P0: control, P1: 27 kg ha-1 P2O5, P2: 54 kg ha-1 P2O5, P3: 81 kg ha-1 P2O5). The bamboo-derived biochar was produced using the Kon-tiki method at ±500 °C. The study reveals no significant interaction between biochar and phosphorus fertilizer. Individually, treatments with B1, B2, and phosphorus fertilizers significantly enhance ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus availability compared to B0 and P0. Biochar-induced modifications improve phosphorus and nitrogen absorption by roots, resulting in increased shoot dry weight and the root/shoot ratio. However, the number of leaves is solely influenced by phosphorus fertilizer treatment. Additionally, both biochar and phosphorus fertilizers contribute to nitrate reductase activity, root volume, an increased number of pods per plant and higher protein content in edamame soybeans. B2 outperforms B1 and high P3 intensifies this effect, improving nutrient uptake and yield. In summary, biochar and phosphorus fertilizers demonstrate significant potential to revolutionize edamame soybean cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols, optimizing pod number per plant and enhancing quality with elevated protein content.
Molecular Identification of Three Potyviruses Infecting Allium cepa var. aggregatum and Allium sativum in Central Cultivation Areas of Indonesia Adyatma Irawan Santosa; Muh Amat Nasir; Ali Çelik; Tahir Farooq; Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.86146

Abstract

One hundred and twenty shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) and 22 garlic (Allium sativum) samples were collected from major growing regions and markets to determine the distribution and molecular diversity of 3 potyviruses: leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) in Indonesia. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that 83% of shallot and all garlic samples were infected by at least 1 virus species. Coat protein (CP) region of 8 Indonesian LYSV, 19 OYDV, and 10 SYSV isolates were sequenced and given accession nos. OR772038-OR772082 in NCBI GenBank. Five isolates were recombinants according to analysis using the Recombination Detection Program (RDP v5.30). The phylogenetic tree deduced that 6 LYSV Indonesian and 2 China imported isolates belong to S-type. All tested OYDV isolates, including the 19 isolates, were clustered separately according to their respective hosts: onion and garlic. The 10 Indonesian SYSV isolates were clustered together in the same group and thus shown to be closely related. All isolates tested in this study were estimated to be still within their respective species demarcation according to percentage identity analysis. This was the most comprehensive molecular study on LYSV, OYDV, and SYSV that may help to find sustainable management strategies according to conditions in Indonesia and contribute to the global knowledge on the genetic diversity of the 3 viruses.
Composting of Rice Straw–Based Materials using Aerobic Bioactivator Isolated from Rice Straw, Mahogany Bark and Cassava Peels Vita Ratri Cahyani; Rahayu Rahayu; Kynthavi Paramitha Lakshitarsari; Rahma Amira Zhalzhabila Wakak Megow; Nadine Yuki Azzahra
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.74297

Abstract

Compost is one of organic fertilizers that play an important role in maintaining soil health and supporting sustainable agriculture. Diverse aspects could be developed to increase the quality of compost. This study aims to compare the quality of compost produced by using two different bioactivators, namely aerobic bioactivator RMC (the microbial consortia isolated from composted rice straw, mahogany bark and cassava peels + additional supplement) and fermentative bioactivator (EM4 + molasses) in the composting of the mainly rice straw-based materials. Composting was conducted using a single factor completely randomized design consisting of five levels as follows: C0 (control, rice straw); C1 (rice straw + bioactivator EM4 + molasses); C2 (rice straw + bioactivator RMC + additional supplement); C3 (rice straw + cow dung + bioactivator RMC + additional supplement); C4 (leaf litter + cow dung + bioactivator RMC + additional supplement, as comparison treatment with no rice straw). Among the treatments of C0, C1 and C2, composting the same rice straw material but different bioactivators, C2 showed the highest compost quality and decomposition rate. Among the other three treatments of C2, C3 and C4 composting different materials but using the same bioactivator, C3 showed the highest compost quality, but the three treatments showed the same high decomposition rate. Based on the characteristics of the compost product, including nutrient content, the treatment C3 produced the highest quality, followed by C4 and then C2. Both bioactivators EM4 + molasses and RMC+ additional supplement tended to increase total bacteria, fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing microbiota in the compost products compared to the control without bioactivator. A set of aerobic bioactivator RMC plus additional supplement serve as one strategy to accelerate the composting process and to enhance the compost quality.
Identification of Pathogens Causing Important Diseases in Leatherleaf Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and In Vitro Inhibition using Bacillus velezensis B-27 Barokati Tsaniyah; Tri Joko; Ani Widiastuti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.83675

Abstract

Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is a famous ornamental-leaf plant that has been used by florist entrepreneurs around the world. It is one of the leading export commodities in Indonesia, however, currently, there are some diseases of this leaf reported in the field causing yield loss and reducing the economic value. This study aimed to identify the pathogens causing the recent 3 significant diseases of leatherleaf fern, including leaf blight, leaf tip rot, and post-harvest leaf rot, and in vitro analysis of beneficial bacteria, Bacillus velezensis B-27, against the pathogens. The methods used in this study were isolation, pathogenicity test, morphological observation, molecular identification of pathogens, and poisoned food technique of B. velezensis against those pathogens compared to fungicides and bactericides. The results of molecular identification showed that Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Pantoea ananatis caused leaf blight, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami triggered leaf tip rot, while Calonectria sp. and P. ananatis contributed to post-harvest leaf rot. Based on in vitro analysis, B. velezensis B-27 reduced the growth of the Neopestalotiopsis sp. DM C with the highest inhibition of 95.6%, Neopestalotiopsis sp. DM B with 84.3%, F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami with 61.9%, Calonectria sp. with 93.4%, and inhibited the growth of P. ananatis by producing a clear zone. This research concludes that B. velezensis B-27 has the potential as a biocontrol against pathogens causing significant diseases in leatherleaf ferns due to its ability to inhibit pathogens and its advantage as a beneficial microbe that is environmentally friendly to support sustainable agriculture.
Status and Development of Agricultural Public-Private Partnership Program Implementation in China Qiliang Hu; Harry Entebang; Chin-Hong Puah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.83311

Abstract

As the initiator of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Chinese Government’s goal in agriculture is to promote the sustainable development of agriculture throughout China and the world. One of the feasible ways to realize this goal is to adopt the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. This study aims to analyze the current status of agricultural PPP projects in China and their impacts. This study utilized the Ministry of Finance database to collect 2014 to 2022 data on agricultural PPP projects in China. The collected data were organized and analyzed to analyze the current situation and return mechanism of Chinese agricultural PPP projects. The results show that China’s agricultural PPP projects are less attractive than other sectors, government and social-private sector cooperation is less sustainable, and laws and regulations and risk assessment are not well developed. Therefore, this study proposes to promote the development of agricultural PPP projects by standardizing the law, improving the return mechanism, and strengthening the risk assessment. Thus, it further promotes the sustainable development of agriculture and plays a certain positive role.

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