Journal of Islamic Architecture
Journal of Islamic Architecture (JIA) is a scientific publication for widespread research and criticism topics in Islamic architecture studies. JIA is published twice a year in June and December since June 2010 by International Center for Islamic Architecture from the Sunnah (CIAS), Department of Architecture Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. One volume of JIA is published in two-year calendar.
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<![CDATA[SPACE, ARCHITECTURE, AND POWER. THE TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP PLACEMAKING IN HISTORIC ARABIC-ISLAMIC CITIES ]]>
<![CDATA[Sadek Ahmed Saad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.11730
<![CDATA[Urban spaces are the end-product of various power deliberations and different urban processes, mainly the top-down and bottom-up. This study investigates the role of the two urban processes in placemaking in historic Arabic-Islamic cities. The investigation demonstrates each urban process's role in creating the major mosque's spatial context in Mecca, Medina, Cairo, Fes, Damascus, and Tripoli of Libya. Aiming to clear some preconceived ideas -strongly affected by the Renaissance’s spectacular values- about Arabic-Islamic urbanism, this article studied major Arab-Islamic cities in qualitative and quantitative approaches. The oldest available cartographic materials are investigated locally concerning political values and changes. Street patterns, space typology, and major mosque spatial context in historic Arabic-Islamic cities are studied, relating each type of urban process to placemaking's symbolic value. Before the end of the 17th century, historic Arabic-Islamic cities adopted a bottom-up process by taking advantage of the community's right to assert the order of their built environment. The top-down process was limited mainly to the architectural level of authoritarian mosques and their context. The ontological freedom and the right to control the place shifted due to exogenous political influences from the public to the authorities. By adopting the Renaissance's urban values, the top-down urban process expanded its domination on architectural and urban levels, shifting the mosque's function from socioeconomic to an artistic value. This adaptation was achieved by promoting the mosque as an artifact and creating a spectacular spatial context.]]>
<![CDATA[A TAXONOMY STUDY OF MOSQUE ROOF DESIGN IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Nur Amalina Syairah Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Zalina Shari]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Dalilah Dahlan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.15241
<![CDATA[Energy is the most important issue to focus on as it contributes to economic development and social growth. Buildings were identified to significantly impact energy usage, where 40% of global energy comes from buildings. Nowadays, many buildings in a tropical climate are equipped with air-conditioners as it is seen as the fastest way to cool down buildings. However, this action impacts the environment. One of the affected buildings that are equipped with air-conditioners is a mosque. However, minimal attention has been given to mosques even though this type of building has a significant total space as other commercial buildings. Furthermore, mosques have a unique pattern of occupancy and energy use. While the major contributor to buildings' energy consumption comes from the roof, scarce information is found regarding roof design and energy consumption for air-conditioned mosques in Malaysia. The study aims at exploring the roof types of mosques in the Klang Valley. The objectives are 1) to identify mosques with air-conditioners in the Klang Valley built between 1998 and 2018, 2) to characterize and classify the specific roof types designed for these identified mosques, and 3) to investigate building energy intensity for mosque buildings in the Klang Valley. This paper presents a taxonomy study to classify roof design for air-conditioned mosques in Klang Valley. The study showed that the flat roof demonstrated high energy consumption and cost. The use of HVLS fans and the association with air-conditioners probably increased the building energy. ]]>
<![CDATA[THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SITIHINGGIL OF THE PALACES IN CIREBON WITH MAJAPAHIT ARCHITECTURE BASED ON SHAPE AND SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahadhian Prajudi Herwindo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.13211
<![CDATA[There is an important old element in Kasepuhan and Kanoman Palaces called Sitihinggil. The Sitihinggil complex refers to Majapahit relics located deep in East Java. This research aims to recognize Majapahit architectural patterns in Sitihinggil Keraton in Cirebon, so it is expected that architectural relationships from the Pre-Islamic-Majapahit to the Islamic period will be identified, especially in residential buildings. The research method is carried out through a typological comparison between relics of Majapahit buildings and Sitihinggil in their architectural transformation. The study has been conducted by examining the shape transformation and the spatial pattern of the mass-spatial arrangement, figure, and ornamentation through the real form of reconstruction results and the relief picture of the Majapahit temple. This study shows a strong architectural relationship between the Sitihinggil in Kasepuhan and the architectural patterns of Majapahit era. At the same time, the Kanoman palace has changed more dynamically. Both show an architectural transformation, but Majapahit traces can still be recognized by persistent patterns such as mass patterns, figures, ornaments, and gates. This phenomenon illustrates the spirit of preservation of the past, even though the religious orientation has changed.]]>
<![CDATA[AN APPROACH FOR PRESERVING OTTOMAN CULTURAL HERITAGE UNDER THREAT IN YEMEN: A CASE STUDY " THE OLD CITY OF SANA'A" ]]>
<![CDATA[Yahya Abdullah Alamri]]>;
<![CDATA[Betül EKİMCİ]]>;
<![CDATA[Mehmet İNCEOĞLU]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.13048
<![CDATA[Cultural heritage is one of the human development aspects throughout the historical ages. Yemen is one of the wealthiest regions with cultural heritages in the Middle East, due to its important geographical location linking India, China, Africa, and the Mediterranean countries. Sana'a developed through successive Islamic eras, one of the most important of them was during Ottoman period. During their presence in Yemen, Ottomans were interested in constructing different types of buildings and bringing about a great civilizational and architectural renaissance in various regions of Yemen, especially in the city of Sana'a. However, cultural heritage in Sana'a was badly damaged during the Yemeni conflict, including Ottoman heritage. This study proposes an approach for preserving the building's cultural heritage under threat. This approach was based on the European Standard (EN 16096:2012 (E)), Conservation of cultural property - Condition survey and report of building’s cultural heritage. The methodology used will help preserve the cultural heritage in Sana'a by assessing the damage caused by the war in Sana'a, and appropriate proposals were made. This study considered a group of Ottoman structures in the old city of Sana'a as a case study. It shows the war-affected historical sites in all Yemeni cities. During the period of Ottoman rule in Yemen, various facilities were built in most regions of Yemen, most of which were concentrated in the old city of Sana'a. Ottoman establishments were counted in the old city of Sana'a, where there were twenty-eight of them, twenty-one installations still in existence, and seven destroyed and no longer existing. ]]>
<![CDATA[EVALUATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ELEMENTS IN SAIDINA ABU BAKAR AS SIDDIQ MOSQUE ON SOCIAL INCLUSION ]]>
<![CDATA[Alenxander Ng]]>;
<![CDATA[Ching Wee Han]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohd Tajuddin Mohd Rasdi]]>;
<![CDATA[Teoh Chee Keong]]>;
<![CDATA[Intan Liana Samsudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusra Zulkifli]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.12899
<![CDATA[The secret to success for the country's stability is a harmonious religious relationship, which calls for the importance of uniting all groups, regardless of ethnic religion and ethnicity. This research's objective is to evaluate architectural design elements in mosques on social inclusion. This study reviews the literature regarding race relation issues and religious conflicts in Malaysia and evaluates the architectural design elements of Saidina Abu Bakar As Siddiq Mosque as the focus of social inclusion. A field analysis of the mosque was conducted by observing the internal and external spaces and interviewing Encik Shukran Bin Noh, one of the mosque administrators. The data collection was recorded based on a few criteria: perception of the building material concerning the surrounding; scale massing; iconic historical imagery; gates fences; level of visual access; and furniture landscape. The analysis result shows minor setbacks on the elements in the territoriality of buildings regarding the parking spaces reserved and unoccupied. Nonetheless, the other aspect of the criteria has proved that Saidina Abu Bakar As Siddiq Mosque has shown social inclusion in its architectural elements, which are friendly to the public. ]]>
<![CDATA[THE EXISTENCE OF WAQF IN ESTABLISHING A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNAL SPACE ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Rochani]]>;
<![CDATA[Nany Yuliastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Budi Sudarwanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.15310
<![CDATA[In Indonesia, the number of urban settlements continues to grow, while the paucity of communal space in urban areas persists. Therefore, it is vital to support local potential to achieve long-term success. Waqf generosity is one form of social development that has been institutionalized in society. Waqf, or benevolent generosity in surrendering personal possessions for the public good, is practiced by almost the entire Muslim community worshiping Allah SWT. This research aims to uncover the role of waqf in the formation of public spaces from a long-term viewpoint. This study employs a case study method to comprehend the real life of the waqf spatial entity in the urban village. The research location is Tugurejo Village, Tugu District, Semarang City. The study deviates from the grand theory to investigate the events at the study site. Interviews, observation, and secondary data are used to acquire data; descriptive methods are used to analyze the data, and the research findings are fed back into the grand theory. The research found that sustaining communal ownership rights and productivity advantages between generations ensures the sustainability of waqf as a communal space, resulting in a sustainable community structure.]]>
<![CDATA[THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATTERN OF JAVA ISLAMIC CITY CATUR GATRA TUNGGAL IN LAMONGAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Suwaibatul Aslamiyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.13263
<![CDATA[Catur Gatra Tunggal is a pattern of urban planning in Java that originated from the establishment of the Islamic Mataram kingdom in the 18th and 19th centuries which influenced urban planning in Java in particular. The purpose of the study was to identify the old urban planning pattern in Lamongan Regency, which has an essential role in the spread of Islam in Java, especially East Java. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with field observations and surveys to identify the elements that makeup Catur Gatra Tunggal pattern compared to the theory of public space and architectural preservation. The study results found that Catur Gatra Tunggal pattern was still well identified with its constituent elements; Alun-Alun, Pendhopo Lokatantra, Traditional Markets, and the Great Mosque. It is hoped that the results of this study will be used as a reference in the development of Alun-Alun area regarding buildings and values that must be maintained to remain a pearl of local cultural wisdom that must be held.]]>
<![CDATA[AESTHETIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE RESTORED HERITAGE ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdurrahman Mohamed]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.13079
<![CDATA[Kurkut mosque is one of the important historical buildings in Antalya Old Town, Kaleiçi. It represents a special landmark for its cultural and architectural identity. In 1896, a great fire destroyed the mosque, including the wooden 'külah' (spire) of its minaret. However, the lower parts of the minaret remained intact. Afterward, the mosque was called the 'Kesik Minare' Camii' (Cut Minaret Mosque). The Cut Minaret special form remained the identity of the old town for many decades. In 2017, a restoration project started to be prepared for the mosque and its minaret. Visual Impact Assessment is crucial in this regard in addition to Public Preference Analysis. This is to understand the restoration projects on public acceptance. This research used Aesthetic Impact Assessment (AIA) to assess public appreciation of the aesthetic quality of the newly restored minaret of the Cut Minaret Mosque. To achieve this goal, a set of aesthetic principles was developed. The aim was to provide insights into the cultural values of architectural conservation, restoration, and their role in shaping the identity of a continuously changing society. It has been found that the aesthetics of the minaret after restoration got around average public appreciation. It directs the attention of culture, religious authorities, and community organizations to give greater consideration to public involvement and participation in such projects. ]]>
<![CDATA[THE TYPOLOGY OF MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE IN WEST ACEH ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Fakriah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.12912
<![CDATA[Aceh is well known as the center of spreading Islam in South East Asia. West Aceh has contributed to present their best people in the history of the battle against colonialism when the heroic war in the past. Thus, Acehnese are considered a religious society. However, the research on the typology of significant Islamic buildings, such as mosques, has been very limited in this area. This study aims to determine the typology of mosques in West Aceh. This study was conducted based on observation data in West Aceh and a literature study. The number of twenty-five mosques is included in this study. The locations of mosques were in Meulaboh, the capital city of West Aceh, and in the rural area of West Aceh. The result shows that the typology of mosques in West Aceh has similarities with Masjid Raya Baiturrahman which stands in the capital city of Aceh. The similarities are found in the typology of the roof, door, window, column, and façade ornamentation. Meanwhile, the minaret did not have a significant influence on the typology of the mosques in West Aceh. There is still research to be done and data to be collected about other mosques in other areas in Aceh. Then, the date period of construction data should be added to give a comprehensive perspective of the influence. ]]>
<![CDATA[MADRASA OF MUSTAFA PASHA AL-NASHAĀR IN ZABĪD, YEMEN; ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Mohamed Enab]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Islamic Architecture Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Journal of Islamic Architecture ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Maliki Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.18860/jia.v7i1.13453
<![CDATA[Madrasa of Mustafa Pasha Al-Nashaār is considered one of the most prominent buildings of Ottoman architecture in Yemen. It has commissioned by Mustafa Pasha al-Nashaār, the first Ottoman governor of Yemen, in 962-963AH/1554 AD. The Madrasa is built on the south side of Zabīd to spread the Hanafite and Shafite Sunni doctrines, replacing and eliminating the Zaydi Shiite doctrine. It contains a mausoleum dome for Mustafa Pasha Al- Nashaār and his family. The Madrasa's apparent Ottoman style is displayed through a main domed section and a multiple-domed portico. In this paper, the researcher provides a short biography of Mustafa Pasha Al-Nashaār, a descriptive and analytical study of The Madrasa and its distinctive architectural and artistic features. The paper sheds some new insights on the history of The Madrasa regarding its historical importance and distinctive architectural style as an excellent example of the Ottoman style in Yemen. The paper also aims to raise concerns about its exposure to demolition threats and ruin due to Yemen's current war and conflict.]]>
