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Civil Engineering Dimension
ISSN : 14109530     EISSN : 1979570X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
The Civil Engineering Dimension (Dimensi Teknik Sipil) is a refereed journal, published twice a year, in March and September.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 453 Documents
Front Matter (Cover, Editorial, Note from the Editor, Table of Content) Civil Engineering Dimension
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 26 No. 2 (2024): SEPTEMBER 2024
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

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Abstract

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Performance Analysis of Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) using Metallic Yielding Damper (MYD) with Hysteretic Steel Damper (HSD) Type Budi Suswanto; Fikri Ghifari; Triwulan Triwulan; Hidajat Sugihardjo; Pramesta Armanisag Pangestuti
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.1-11

Abstract

Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) are earthquake-resistant steel structures with excellent shear capacity and ductility. During earthquakes, the EBF link yields first, protecting other structural elements. Traditionally, the link is integrated with the main beam and separated by bracing. However, if the link is damaged, replacing the entire beam becomes necessary. To address this, a vertical link design allows for link replacement without altering the beam section. This study evaluates two vertical link options: a Wide Flange (WF) link section and a Hysteretic Steel Damper (HSD) type Metallic Yielding Damper. Results suggest the WF link is preferable due to superior shear capacity and energy dissipation compared to the HSD link. The findings recommend the WF link for vertical link EBFs to optimize earthquake performance.
Pavement Performance Prediction of Semarang–Solo Toll Road, Indonesia, using Markov Chain Model Hulfa Istikomah; Bagus Hario Setiadji; Bambang Riyanto
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.12-21

Abstract

Roads are one of the infrastructures that significantly impact a country's economic growth. The condition of the roads usually decreases due to increasing vehicle volumes. Predicting road conditions is essential for planning future maintenance. This study aims to evaluate the pavement conditions over five years using Markov chain model for five sections of the Semarang-Solo toll road, Indonesia.  Two scenarios are selected in the simulation, without-handling and with-handling programs. The results show that the historical data used to compile the transition probability matrix (TPM) from the Markov model greatly influences the simulation results in both scenarios. In addition, the simulation results also indicate that the inner lane for all segments of Semarang - Solo direction is the most crucial because these segments have a relatively high rate of decline in road steadiness and a shorter cycle time for implementing the handling program.
Utilization of Steel Aggregate and Iron Sand as Heavyweight Concrete for Gamma Radiation Shielding Habib Abdurrahman; Iman Satyarno; Agus Budhie Wijatna
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.85-94

Abstract

This study aims to produce a homogenous and workable conventional heavyweight concrete (HWC) with similar performance as pre-placed HWC in attenuating radiation by increasing the concrete density with no risk of segregation. HWC was mixed using steel aggregate and iron sand with a specific gravity of 7.78 and 4.14, respectively. A w/c ratio of 0.5 was applied to obtain proper workability and viscosity modifying agent (VMA) was used to prevent segregation. The radiation tests were carried out using 133Ba (356 keV), 137Cs (662 keV), and 60Co (1170 keV & 1330 keV) gamma sources. The results obtained a concrete density of 5133.07 kg/m3 with no sign of segregation and a compressive strength of 18.61 MPa. Based on the radiation test, the conventional HWC was effective in reducing the shielding thickness by 50.41%. Our findings provide a workable conventional HWC with high gamma attenuation to replace an enormous dimension of normal concrete.
Effectiveness of Elastomeric Bearings in Reducing Pounding Effects between Reinforced Concrete Buildings under Seismic Condition M. Riski Audri Rahman; Ashar Saputra; Iman Satyarno
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.47-58

Abstract

This study investigates seismic pounding hazards between adjacent reinforced concrete buildings in East Java, particularly those designed under older regulations without pounding considerations. Nonlinear time history analysis was performed on three building models using eleven pairs of earthquake records scaled to SNI 8899:2020, representing Megathrust, Benioff, and Shallow Crustal earthquakes, with only three pairs analyzed in this study. Model 1 allowed free movement, Model 2 included concrete impact links with a 50 mm gap, and Model 3 utilized elastomer bearing links with a 9 mm gap. Results showed that elastomeric bearings reduced pounding forces by 81% to 95%, decreasing link force from 57437 kN to 5745 kN while withstanding axial loads up to 6276 kN, preventing collisions and maintaining structural stability. Additionally, Model 3 exhibited reduced floor accelerations and structural damage compared to Model 2, emphasizing the importance of elastomeric bearings in mitigating seismic pounding risks.
The Value of Passenger Car Equivalent using the Time Headway Method on Urban Roads Irwandi Irwandi; Anastasia Caroline Sutandi; Elsa Tri Mukti
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.33-46

Abstract

The escalating proliferation of vehicles has had a significant impact on the existing Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) values, making them less effective under current traffic conditions for assessing road performance. This study aims to redefine PCE values for urban highways using the Time Headway method. Data collection was conducted over four days during peak traffic hours. The methodology involved direct field observations, analysis footage, and statistical modeling of time headway data distributions. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov fit test identified the Wakeby distribution as the most suitable representation of time headway data. Results yielded PCE values of 0.413 for motorcycles and 1.416 for medium vehicles, with discrepancies of 65.37% and 18.02%, indicating that the measured PCE values surpass the established benchmarks. The rise in vehicle numbers and the methodologies employed contribute to the variations in observed PCE levels. This research provides valuable insights for urban road planning and foundation studies for future research.
Least-squares Smoothed Shape Functions for Constructing Field-Consistent Timoshenko Beam Elements Foek Tjong Wong; Henokh G. Tjahyono; Sugiyono Hartono; Timothy A. Setiabudi
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.22-32

Abstract

This paper presents an approach for constructing field-consistent Timoshenko beam elements using least-squares smoothed (LSS) shape functions. The variational basis for shear strain redistribution is thoroughly explained, leading to the derivation of LSS shape functions for linear, quadratic, and cubic Timoshenko beam elements. These elements are then applied to linear static analysis, bifurcation buckling analysis, and free vibration analysis of prismatic and tapered beams. Numerical tests demonstrate that the LSS-based beam elements effectively eliminate shear locking and provide accurate, reliable results. Their performance is comparable to the discrete shear gap technique but with a simpler implementation procedure. The LSS shape function approach offers a practical and efficient alternative for achieving field consistency in Timoshenko beam elements, with potential applications in enhanced finite element methods (FEMs) such as isogeometric FEM and Kriging-based FEM.
Axiomatization of Transit Flow Estimation Kardi Teknomo
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.95-112

Abstract

Transit flows between stations are typically estimated indirectly using fare collecting data rather than through direct measurement. Traditional methods approximate transit flows by adapting Origin-Destination (OD) trip estimation techniques. However, these approaches have two significant limitations. First, transit link flows represent the number of passengers remaining within the transit vehicles between stations, while OD flows specifically represent passengers entering at one station and exiting at another station. Second, traditional methods rely on the assumption that a cost function is necessary without providing mathematical justification. Consequently, there lacks a robust theoretical foundation explicitly tailored for transit flow estimation.  This paper addresses this gap by developing an axiomatic framework based on the Ideal Flow Network. Through systematic mathematical derivations, we identify key balance conditions and necessary constraints to achieve more accurate transit flow estimation.
Evaluating U-Turn Capacity with Modified Geometry Designs and Various Conflicting Traffic Flows: A Traffic Microsimulation Approach Fauzan Rizki Muharam; Taufiq S. Nugroho; Widyarini Weningtyas
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.73-84

Abstract

Factors such as U-turn geometric and conflicting traffic volume often play a key role on U-turn capacity and safety. Evaluating U-turn capacity under modified geometric designs and various conflicting traffic flow conditions thus is essential to improving traffic flow and safety. This paper analysis U-turn capacity under various conflicting traffic conditions and propose the U-turn geometry modifications to improve capacity. A microsimulation model using PTV VISSIM is developed, and the results is compared with conventional analytical method to highlight the advantages of using traffic microsimulation approach in such analyses. The results show that U-turn capacity is significantly affected by conflicting traffic flow that in turn affecting headway time, and service time for various vehicle type. Among the geometric modifications tested, channelization designs showed significant increase in capacity whilst roundabout and indirect right-side design give mixed results depending on the composition of vehicles performing U-turns.
Performance Evaluation of Simple Regular Buildings using FBD and DDBD Methods with a Consistent Target Drift Pamuda Pudjisuryadi; William Sumargo; Alvin Kho; Benjamin Lumantarna
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): MARCH 2025
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.27.1.59-72

Abstract

The Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) method, proposed by Priestley, is an alternative to the traditional Force-Based Design (FBD) method for earthquake-resistant design. This study compares the performance of 4-story and 12-story buildings designed using both FBD and DDBD with the same target drift of 2%. The differences in base shear used for the design of the two approaches are discussed. To evaluate the buildings' performance, Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure (NDP) analysis, or nonlinear time history analysis, was conducted considering 500 and 2500 years return period earthquakes. The results indicate that the actual drift of both designs deviates from the target drift; however, the observed drifts remain within the maximum limits set by FEMA 356. Moreover, plastic damages were observed in unexpected areas of the columns, suggesting that the strong-column weak-beam design concept, as stipulated by building codes, does not entirely prevent damage to columns.

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