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INDONESIA
BIOEDUSCIENCE
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka
ISSN : 2614154X     EISSN : 26141558     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education
BIOEDUSCIENCE is an open access journal that publishes research in the field of Biology and Biosain Education such as: Applied and implemented in education and learning, Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, Ecology, Biotechnology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Bioinformatics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Biodiversity and Bioconservation. BIOEDUSCIENCE is published by Biology Education Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Indonesia regularly in June and December. ISSN : 2614-1558; P-ISSN : 2614-154X.
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Articles 567 Documents
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Formulation and Characterization of Macroemulsion Ethanol Extract of Kemuning Leaves (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 10 No 1 (2026): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/20395

Abstract

Background: The ethanolic extract of Murraya paniculata leaves is known to be rich in flavonoids and coumarins but faces significant challenges in solubility and stability for modern pharmaceutical applications. To address these limitations, a macroemulsion system was selected as a delivery vehicle capable of accommodating both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. Objective: This study aimed to determine the optimal formulation and perform comprehensive characterization of macroemulsions containing Murraya paniculata ethanolic leaf extract. Methods: The extract was obtained via maceration with 96% ethanol for 3×24 hours, followed by vacuum evaporation. Four formulations (F1–F4) were prepared using varying ratios of virgin coconut oil (VCO), Tween 80, PEG 400, and water. Characterization included phytochemical screening, organoleptic evaluation, emulsion type determination, percent transmittance, particle size and polydispersity index, pH, zeta potential, and physical stability tests. Results: The extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins/phenolics, and triterpenoids. All formulations were classified as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Formulation F2 exhibited the highest percent transmittance (90.0%), the lowest polydispersity index (0.050), homogeneous droplet size (d50 ≈ 1.9 µm), optimal pH (6), and a zeta potential of +15.7 mV. Conclusions: Formulation F2 is the optimal macroemulsion candidate for Murraya paniculata leaf extract, offering superior homogeneous particle distribution, and physicochemical stability. Future development should focus on enhancing zeta potential, pH buffering, and bioavailability studies.
Effect of Local Microorganisms from Calamansi Peel and Banana Peel Addition on the Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) Produced from Tofu Wastewater
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 10 No 1 (2026): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/21024

Abstract

Background: Bengkulu Province has seen a significant rise in calamansi orange (Citrus microcarpa) cultivation since 2010. While popular for their unique aroma and high flavonoid content (including ascorbic and citric acids), they also generate significant byproduct potential. To optimize the quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) derived from this waste, specific additives are required to ensure the final product meets established quality standards. Tofu wastewater is an organic by-product with potential for use as liquid organic fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding local microorganisms derived from calamansi peel and banana peel on the nutrient quality of liquid organic fertilizer produced from tofu wastewater. Methods: The measured parameters were nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). This study used an experimental design with four treatment groups: control, 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg additions of fruit peel-based materials. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The highest values of N, Ca, P, and K were observed in the 3 kg treatment, at 0.56%, 0.18%, 0.42%, and 0.42%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in N, Ca, and K contents among treatments, whereas P content did not differ significantly. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the addition of calamansi peel and banana peel materials influenced several nutrient parameters of the liquid organic fertilizer, although not all parameters met the expected quality standard
Effect of EM-4 Concentration on the Decomposition Process of Compost Made from HVS Paper Waste
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 10 No 1 (2026): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/21261

Abstract

Background: In accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2022 concerning the National Waste Management Information System, waste management activities at each facility may include processing waste into compost. Paper waste accounts for approximately 10% of total waste generation in Indonesia. Given that paper fibers can only be recycled five to seven times before losing structural integrity, composting serves as a vital alternative for waste reduction. Paper waste is one of the major types of solid waste generated in educational institutions and offices. One alternative for its utilization is composting with the addition of effective microorganisms (EM-4) to accelerate decomposition. This study aimed to determine the effect of different EM-4 concentrations on the composting process of HVS paper waste. Methods: Paper waste is one of the major types of solid waste generated in educational institutions and offices. One alternative for its utilization is composting with the addition of effective microorganisms (EM-4) to accelerate decomposition. This study aimed to determine the effect of different EM-4 concentrations on the composting process of HVS paper waste. Results: EM-4 concentrations of 30 mL, 35 mL, and 40 mL produced better compost characteristics, including lower final temperatures closer to ambient conditions, darker color, finer texture, and faster decomposition times than the 20 mL, 25 mL, and control treatments. Conclusions: EM-4 concentrations of 30–40 mL were more effective for composting HVS paper waste under the conditions of this study.
Characteristics of Solid Soap from Used Cooking Oil and Kalamansi Orange Peel Essential Oil
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 10 No 1 (2026): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/21564

Abstract

Background: Used cooking oil is defined as cooking oil that has been used for frying more than three times. Consuming used cooking oil poses serious health risks because it can cause several diseases and its waste can damage the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of foam height, pH, and organoleptic tests on solid soap made from used cooking oil with calamansi orange peel essential oil. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental using one liter of used cooking oil as a sample. Analysis was carried out univariately. Results: Based on the research results, the color, aroma, and shape of solid soap made from used cooking oil passed the organoleptic test and met the requirements of SNI 06 3532 1994. The average pH test results showed a pH value of 9, which met the SNI 06 3532 1994 standard. The results of the test on the foam height of solid soap from used cooking oil showed an average foam height of 5.91, which did not meet the SNI 06 3532 1994 standard. Conclusions: The results of this study aim to provide information to the public about the method of processing unused used cooking oil into more useful materials and increase economic value
Effect of Durian Peel and Young Coconut Shell Composition on the Quality of Biomass Briquettes as Alternative Fuel
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 10 No 1 (2026): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/21897

Abstract

Background: The use of fossil fuels can cause various impacts that lead to health problems. Therefore, an alternative energy source is needed to reduce environmental impact. One form of biomass energy is briquette production. Briquette materials can be obtained from industrial waste, namely durian peels and young coconut shells. Methods: This study employed a laboratory-scale experimental design to evaluate the effect of material composition on briquette quality parameters. Results: The results showed that variations in the composition of durian peel and young coconut shells produced different briquette qualities for each parameter, with a 2:1 mixture providing the most optimal quality with low moisture content (3.91%), low ash content (6.52%), high fixed carbon (85.04%), controlled volatile matter (4.53%), and high calorific value (6096 cal/g). The ANOVA test showed p-values < 0.05 for all quality parameters, indicating that variations in material composition significantly affect the quality of the briquettes produced. Conclusions: This research indicates that the quality of briquettes made from a mixture of durian peel and young coconut shells is influenced by composition, with a 2:1 ratio producing the best quality based on parameters such as moisture content, ash content, bound carbon, volatile matter, and calorific value. Further research is recommended using a wider range of ratios and additional testing, such as durability and combustion emissions, to strengthen the assessment of briquette quality.
Growth and Yield Response of Sangga Sembalun Garlic to Photoperiod and Planting Media Composition in the Lowlands: Growth and Yield Response of Sangga Sembalun Garlic to Photoperiod and Planting Media Composition in the Lowlands
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 10 No 1 (2026): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/22758

Abstract

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a common horticultural commodity used as a spice and traditional medicine. A challenge in garlic cultivation was meeting the increasing market demand, while production in Indonesia had declined, necessitating large-scale imports. One of the problems in garlic cultivation was the mismatch of agroclimatic conditions, such as photoperiod, which resulted in suboptimal growth. This study aimed to investigate the effects of photoperiod and planting media composition on the growth and yield of Sangga Sembalun garlic. Method: The planting site was located at the agroclimate station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, at an altitude of 5 meters above sea level. A split-plot design was applied, with photoperiod as the main plot and planting media composition as the subplot. The photoperiod treatments consisted of three levels: 12 hours (F1), 14 hours (F2), and 16 hours (F3), while the planting media treatments also had three levels: soil (K0), 1:1:1 soil: goat manure: rice husk charcoal (K1), and 2:1:1 soil: goat manure: rice husk charcoal (K2). Result: Photoperiod and growing medium composition influenced initial garlic growth but had no significant effect on subsequent growth. A porous medium with high organic matter promoted increased clove diameter and weight, while photoperiod tended to increase bulb production. However, in this study, neither treatment had any effect because garlic showed poor adaptation to lowland conditions. Conclusion: The interaction between a 12-hour photoperiod and growing medium composition (1:1:1 soil, rice husk charcoal, and manure) had a significant effect on garlic plant height at 14 and 21 days after planting. However, at later growth stages, the effects of photoperiod and growing medium composition were not significant for the observed parameters. Overall, garlic growth and yield in this study were relatively low, indicating that the tested variety was not well adapted to lowland conditions.
Use of the PlantNet Application in Climbing Plant Identification and Students’ Perceived Cognitive Learning Outcomes in a Higher Plant Botany Course
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 10 No 1 (2026): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/22791

Abstract

Background: Botany learning, particularly plant identification, requires direct observation skills and a strong understanding of morphological characteristics. Mobile-based plant identification applications, such as PlantNet, have the potential to serve as learning support tools. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive approach with a non-experimental design. The subjects were 21 Biology Education students at Labuhanbatu University taking the Botany of Higher Plants course. Data were collected using a four-point Likert-type questionnaire to describe students' perceptions of PlantNet use and their perceived cognitive learning outcomes after the vine identification activity. Data were analyzed descriptively using total scores, percentages, and categories. Results: The study found that the use of the PlantNet application was rated very good, particularly for ease of use, clarity of morphological/taxonomic information, and support for the identification process. Students' perceptions of cognitive learning outcomes were also categorized as very good for conceptual understanding, recognition of morphological characteristics, and determining vine classification. Conclusions: These findings indicate that students perceive PlantNet positively as a supportive tool for field observation-based botany learning. However, direct measurement of cognitive learning outcomes is still needed in further research to more strongly demonstrate the influence of application use on academic achievement.

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