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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 99   100   101   102   103 
Engineering and Durability Properties of Modified Coconut Shell Concrete Trokon Cooper Herring; Joseph N. Thuo; Timothy Nyomboi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-013

Abstract

Making low-cost concrete from coconut shell ash and coconut shell aggregate increases sustainability and reduces pollution. This research investigates untreated Coconut Shell Particles (CSP) incorporated with coconut shell ash (CSA) to improve the durability properties at elevated temperatures and in sulphuric acid. Initially, the physical and mechanical properties of cube and cylinder specimens after 7, 28, 56, and 90 days of moist curing were studied. The durability properties were then carried out after the pozzolanic component of CSA in modified concrete was activated. CSA and CSP were used as partial substitutes for ordinary Portland cement and coarse aggregate in class 30 concrete with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.55. Concrete mixes included control, 5% CSP, 10% CSA, and a mixture of 5% CSP incorporated with 10% CSA. According to test results, adding 10% of CSA to CSP concrete decreased the workability, density, and water absorption properties compared to the rest of the concrete mixes. However, these results were within acceptable limits. The compressive strength of 10% CSA concrete at 90 days of moist curing was reduced by 3.23% when 5% CSP was added compared to control. The addition of 10% of CSA to 5% CSP concrete improved the split tensile strength by 2.76% higher than concrete with only 5% CSP. Concrete containing the combination of 10% CSA and 5% CSP showed a 9.37% increment in the split tensile strength compared to concrete having only 5% CSP after sulphuric acid exposure. Also, the compressive strength of 10% CSA and 5% CSP concrete improved by 30.7% when the temperature was elevated to 500 °C for 1 hour compared to the control concrete. Moreover, the reduction in the compressive strength after exposure to the elevated temperature of 500 °C for 1 hr. was still much less by an average of 75.38% compared to other waste materials blended into the concrete by previous works. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-013 Full Text: PDF
Numerical Modeling for the Effect of Soil Type on Stability of Embankment Marwan Adil Hassan; Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail; Heyam Hussein Shaalan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7 (2021): Special Issue "Innovative Strategies in Civil Engineering Grand Challenges"
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-04

Abstract

Dike construction has been widely used because of its potential to protect people and properties from overtopping flows. Water levels may exceed a dike crest and cause overtopping flow during high river discharge. This phenomenon has caused serious damage to the dike body due to the reduction of soil shear strength. The increase of water content within particles and its relationship with the development of breach channel failure in downstream and upstream slopes are affected by a series of geotechnical and hydraulic aspects. Transient seepage and slope stability analyses (FOS) were performed in this study using 2D finite element methods and time-history measurements under the effect of sandy and very silty sand soils. The numerical model of SLIDE 2018 was limited by its inability to incorporate all physical processes governing an overtopping breach failure. Numerical analyses were performed to simulate the development of pore pressures and water content at six positions in the dike’s upstream and downstream slopes in physical experimental tests using the van Genuchten Equation and the limit equilibrium method. The numerical results revealed that fine particles increase the pore water pressure and reduce the FOS. Appropriate dike design and maintenance are dependent on surrounding hydraulic conditions, dimensions, and soil types. Non-cohesive materials with fine particles were preferable. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-04 Full Text: PDF
Influence of Fiber Hybridization on Strength and Toughness of RC Beams Mohammed Muneer Meera Sahib; Surumi Rasia Salim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2022): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-010

Abstract

This paper focuses on the experimental investigation designed to study the behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) beams under flexure and impact loading. The addition of fibers to concrete can improve a number of its properties. For optimal response, different types of fibers may be suitably combined to produce HFRC. Optimized combinations of different fiber types in concrete can produce a composite with better engineering properties than that with only one type. The study compared the mechanical properties of fresh and hardened HFRC, Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC), and conventional concrete to arrive at the optimum fiber content for improved behavior of concrete by testing 135 specimens. Subsequently, the behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams was investigated with and without fiber hybridization under flexural and impact loading, followed by a comparison of the results. Fiber hybridization was achieved by developing concrete containing a combination of steel and polypropylene fibers. Eighteen beam specimens of size 1650×200×150 mm were tested in the investigation. Test outcomes demonstrated that the inclusion of fibers in a hybrid form could ensure superior composite performance in terms of flexure and impact resistance when compared to the incorporation of a single type of fibers in reinforced concrete. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-010 Full Text: PDF
Assessment and Evaluation of IWRM Implementation in Palawan, Philippines Cacal, Jennifer C.; Taboada, Evelyn B.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-08

Abstract

According to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 6), the world needs to sustainably manage water resources through integrated water resource management (IWRM). The Philippines is committed to this goal by ensuring the implementation of IWRM at all levels. Concurrently, there is growing evidence that there is presently no consolidated data on the status of implementation at the sub-national level. With water shortages on the increase, it's more important than ever to find solutions to settle disputes and trade-offs so that water can be distributed effectively, sustainably, and equally. This paper aims to investigate the degree of implementation of IWRM that presents the actual state of affairs in terms of water management at the sub-national level. This study is focused on Palawan Province, with the following sites: Puerto Princesa City, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay. A structured survey questionnaire was drawn up in accordance with the existing questionnaire developed for this purpose. The obtained data were computed using the steps developed for calculating the indicators of IWRM implementation degree. Puerto Princesa City, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay have the following IWRM ratings: 39.93, 32.03, 37.99, and 36.32%, respectively, which means "medium-low" in which the IWRM components have largely been institutionalized, and deployment is well underway. In these regions, a subnational water management scheme exists, but its maximum capacity is mostly unrealized due to numerous constraints. The findings show that the numerous water laws are confusing and that water data for planning purposes is lacking. Even though there are many water agencies, they are not interconnected. This study is useful for successful IWRM implementation, which should encourage sustainable water resource management for environmental sustainability. Integrated methods for water resource management help to organize sustainable growth by assessing how water is handled in agriculture, urban applications, and the surrounding ecosystems. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-08 Full Text: PDF
A Material Model Approach on the Deflection and Crack Pattern in Different Panels of the RCC Flat Plate using Finite Element Analysis Priya, M. P.; Priya, M. P.; Santhi, A. S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2022): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-05

Abstract

Three reinforced cement concrete (RCC) flat plate panels, namely interior, edge, and corner panels, were considered for evaluating the deflection and crack development from the column. In this study, a numerical analysis was conducted for a steel fibre-reinforced flat plate with steel fibre volumes of 0.3% and 0.4%. The study was conducted on real- and scaled-sized flat plates. We used the ABAQUS software to model and evaluate the deflection and crack patterns. An experimental study was conducted on the scaled-sized specimens to validate the finite element analysis (FEA) results. This study presents the punching shear behaviour of various panels of a flat plate with and without steel fibres. The deflection values obtained from the FEA and experiment were compared, and we found that the interior panel exhibited better results when compared to edge and corner panels. A minimum of three sided support is preferred for the stability of a larger-sized flat plate. The interior panels provided better strength and load-bearing capacity when compared to edge and corner panels. Crack patterns for different panels of a flat plate with different steel fibre volumes were analysed by comparing the FEA and experimental results. The development of cracks moved away from the column face on addition of steel fibres and changed its brittle nature. The results indicate that the crack developed from the column face is away from the critical distance d/2 from the slab-column junction (specimens with fibre), further demonstrating the stability of the structure. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-05 Full Text: PDF
Calibration of a New Concrete Damage Plasticity Theoretical Model Based on Experimental Parameters Alaa H. Al-Zuhairi; Ali H. Al-Ahmed; Ali A. Abdulhameed; Ammar N. Hanoon
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-03

Abstract

The introduction of concrete damage plasticity material models has significantly improved the accuracy with which the concrete structural elements can be predicted in terms of their structural response. Research into this method's accuracy in analyzing complex concrete forms has been limited. A damage model combined with a plasticity model, based on continuum damage mechanics, is recommended for effectively predicting and simulating concrete behaviour. The damage parameters, such as compressive and tensile damages, can be defined to simulate concrete behavior in a damaged-plasticity model accurately. This research aims to propose an analytical model for assessing concrete compressive damage based on stiffness deterioration. The proposed method can determine the damage variables at the start of the loading process, and this variable continues to increase as the load progresses until complete failure. The results obtained using this method were assessed through previous studies, whereas three case studies for concrete specimens and reinforced concrete structural elements (columns and gable beams) were considered. Additionally, finite element models were also developed and verified. The results revealed good agreement in each case. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods in terms of damage prediction, particularly when damage is calculated using the stress ratio. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-03 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Distracting Factors on Driving Performance: A Review Neero Gumsar Sorum; Dibyendu Pal
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-014

Abstract

The number of traffic accidents because of distracted driving is increasing rapidly worldwide. Hence, the main objective of the present study is to review the effects of different distracting factors on driving performance indicators. Distracting factors considered in this study are roadside advertisements (billboards), mobile use, in-built vehicle systems, and sleepiness; and driving performance indicators are lane deviation, reaction time, and speed variation. Studies from existing literature reveal that all the distracting factors distract drivers from forwarding roadways in many ways. The location and content displayed on the billboard and the use of mobile phones increase reaction time. However, the former decreases the driver’s ability to control the vehicle, and the latter increases the speed variation and reduces lane-keeping capacity. Lateral vehicle control and reaction time are compromised when drivers engage in searching for songs or videos on music players. When sleepiness occurs, drivers exhibit a higher standard deviation of speed and a decreased headway distance. Nevertheless, most of the studies in this area are carried out in developed countries like the USA and European countries. Therefore, a detailed study and further research in developing countries like India, where activities like installing billboards and mobile phone use are increasing day by day due to the rapid urbanization of major cities in the country, are quite essential. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-014 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Liquefaction Induced Lateral Spreading on Seismic Performance of Pile Foundations G. M. Basavana Gowda; S. V. Dinesh; L. Govindaraju; R. Ramesh Babu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7 (2021): Special Issue "Innovative Strategies in Civil Engineering Grand Challenges"
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-05

Abstract

Seismically active areas are vulnerable to liquefaction, and the influence of liquefaction on pile foundations is very severe. Study of pile-supported buildings in liquefiable soils requires consideration of soil-pile interaction and evaluation of the interaction resulting from movement of soil surrounding the pile. This paper presents the results of three-dimensional finite difference analyses conducted to understand the effect of liquefiable soils on the seismic performance of piles and pile groups embedded in stratified soil deposits using the numerical tool FLAC3D. A comparative study has been conducted on the performance of pile foundations on level ground and sloping ground. The soil model consists of a non-liquefiable, slightly cemented sand layer at the top and bottom and a liquefiable Nevada sand layer in between. This stratified ground is subjected to 1940 El Centro, 2001 Bhuj (India) earthquake ground motions, and harmonic motion of 0.3g acceleration. Parametric studies have been carried out by changing the ground slope from 0° to 10° to understand the effects of sloping ground on pile group response. The results indicate that the maximum bending moments occur at boundaries between liquefiable and non-liquefiable layers, and that the bending moment increases with an increase in slope angle. The presence of a pile cap prevents horizontal ground displacements at ground level. Further, it is also observed that the displacements of pile groups under sloping ground are in excess of those on level ground due to lateral spreading. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-05 Full Text: PDF
Seismic Assessment of Tall Buildings Designed According to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code Ergunes, Orhan Ilkay; Aksu Ozkul, Tulay
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2022): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-011

Abstract

For the first time, the 2018 edition of the Turkish Building Earthquake Code has added a dedicated chapter for the design of high-rise buildings in earthquake-prone areas. Keeping in view the widely practised design option of rigid shear walls at the centre of a high-rise structure, the latest code has additionally defined limits for shear-wall axial forces in high-rise buildings. The new shear-wall axial force limits have not been independently investigated for optimal design and criticality. This calls for a detailed investigation of the newly defined axial force limits for the design of high-rise buildings in Turkey, where seismic activity has historically remained high. This study, therefore, investigates the effect of variation in limit values of shear wall axial forces on the collapse prevention of such buildings. A high-rise building designed entirely according to the code was chosen as the base model. The location of the building is in Istanbul, which has the highest number of tall buildings as compared to other cities in Turkey. A total of 7 alternative models were created by changing the concrete material class and the thickness of shear walls. This approach allowed us to quantify the effect of shear-wall thickness and its criticality against another important design consideration, i.e., the compressive strength of concrete. Forty different earthquake ground motion records were used to analyse the models to determine how critical the axial force ratio of the shear walls is in terms of collapse probability. The method proposed in the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) document FEMA P695 was followed to determine the collapse levels for the high-rise structures. A nonlinear analysis was performed to analyse the failure safety of the models. Results indicate that an increase or decrease in the axial force ratios by more than 15% renders the structure either overdesigned or deficient. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-011 Full Text: PDF
Seismic Pounding Response of Neighboring Structure using Various Codes with Soil-Structure Interaction Effects: Focus on Separation Gap Ganesh Deoraoji Awchat; Amruta Monde; Rajat Sirsikar; Rahul Dingane; Gopal Dhanjode
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-09

Abstract

Due to the high cost and less availability of land, the buildings are constructed adjacent to each other with a significantly smaller separation gap. Whenever seismic forces act on adjacent structures, they collide and cause significant structural and architectural damage. Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effects cause more complications in the adjacent structures. This paper assesses the gap distance between RC bare frame adjacent structures of varying heights in medium and soft soil with and without SSI to avoid the pounding effect of an earthquake. The main objectives are to find the separation distance between adjacent buildings by the provisions of FEMA 356, IS 1893 (Part 1):2002, IS 1893 (Part 1):2016 and EN 1998-1:2004. The separation gap between different codes was then compared to determine the minimum separation required to prevent pounding between the structures. The maximum lateral displacement on the roof and the time period of the adjacent buildings are compared with and without SSI. There is a significant increase in lateral displacement, separation distance, and time period considering SSI. It is found that the Indian code overestimates the separation distance. Thus, this study guides structural engineers to maintain a minimum separation distance between buildings erected on medium and soft soils in high seismic zones of India. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-09 Full Text: PDF

Page 101 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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