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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Design and Performance of a Single Axis Shake Table and a Laminar Soil Container Alaie, Reza; Jamshidi Chenari, Reza
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Correct evaluation of shear modulus and damping characteristics in soils under dynamic loading is one of the most important topics in geotechnical engineering. Shaking tables are used for physical modelling in earthquake geotechnical engineering and is key to the fundamental understanding and practical application of soil behaviour. The shaking table test is realistic and clear when the response of geotechnical problems such as liquefaction, post-earthquake settlement, foundation response and soil-structure interaction and lateral earth pressure problems, during an earthquake is discussed. This paper describes various components of the uniaxial shaking table at university of Guilan, Iran. Also, the construction of the laminar shear box is described. A laminar shear box is a flexible container that can be placed on a shaking table to simulate vertical shear-wave propagation during earthquakes through a soil layer of finite thickness. Typical model tests on sandy soil conducted on the shaking table and the results obtained are also presented. Appropriate evaluation of shear modulus and damping characteristics of soils subjected to dynamic loading is key to accurate seismic response analysis and soil modelling programs. The estimated modulus reduction and damping ratio were compared to with Seed and Idrissâs benchmark curves.

Investigating the Causes of Delay in Construction of Urban Water Supply and Wastewater Project in Water and WasteWater Project in Tehran Shahdad Feyzbakhsh; Abdolrasul Telvari; Ali Reza Lork
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

It is obvious that providing drinking water in cities, especially in metropolises such as Tehran, as a political-social-economic center of the country is important. During the last decades, climatic changes, the decrease of raining, the increase of water harvesting from groundwater as well as the increase of population have intensified the importance of water in Tehran. Therefore, every change from water consumption to collecting, purifying and storing drinking water in the city reservoirs is highly critical. In the present study, the causes of delay in such projects have been determined based on experts' opinions about several concrete implemented reservoirs obtained by questionnaire and the related literature. Given to three classes pertained to such projects (employer, consultant and contractor), an initial questionnaire was provided to poll the experts' opinions and distributed among the sample of the study. In this regard, 45 Likert-scale questionnaires were equally distributed among three population; after gathering, the items with higher mean scores were selected for the main questionnaire (totally, 17 items). Using AHP method, the most important factors were identified and ranked through Expert choice Software. As the research findings revealed, failure of employer to pay to contractor timely, failure to obtaining the necessary permissions by employer before noticing to contactor to proceed, and uncertainty and buying project site by employer are the most important factors respectively.

Energy Production from Sewage Sludge in a Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant Mohamed Ayoub; Ibrahim Gar Al-Alm Rashed; Ahmed El-Morsy
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 12 (2016): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The implemented technologies for sewage sludge processing are still very limited in Egypt. Unfortunately, dealing with the produced sludge is mainly given to the drying process through natural drying beds neglecting quality of the dried sludge. The undertaken work is devoted to provide a design proposal for a typical wastewater treatment plant suitable for the small communities on a very limited area of land compared to that required to construct the conventional treatment plant that serves the same population. The proposed sewage treatment plant is certainly beneficial in reducing the capital costs by 26%, in addition to about 20% reduction in the running costs. On the other hand, electricity generated from energy produced by anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge reduces the electrical power requirements from the main grid network to about 27% in the proposed wastewater treatment plant.

Monte Carlo Based Seismic Hazard Model for Southern Ghana Osei, Jack Banahene; Adom-Asamoah, Mark; Awadallah Ahmed, Ahmed Ali; Antwi, Eugene Boasiako
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Seismic hazard assessment involves quantifying the likely ground motion intensities to be expected at a particular site or region. It is a crucial aspect of any seismic hazard mitigation program. The conventional probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is highly reliant on the past seismic activities in a particular region. However, for regions with lower rates of seismicity, where seismological data is scanty, it would seem desirable to use a stochastic modelling (Monte Carlo based) approach. This study presents a Monte Carlo simulation hazard model for Southern Ghana. Six sites are selected in order to determine their expected ground motion intensities (peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration). Results revealed that Accra and Tema as the highly seismic cities in Southern Ghana, with Ho and Cape Coast having relatively lower seismicities. The expected peak ground acceleration corresponding to a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for the proposed seismic hazard model was as high as 0.06 g for the cities considered. However, at the rather extreme 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, a PGA of 0.5 g can be anticipated. Evidently, the 2% in 50 years uniform hazard spectrum for the highly seismic cities recorded high spectral accelerations, at a natural vibrational period within the ranges of about 0.1-0.3 sec. This indicates that low-rise structures in these cities may be exposed to high seismic risk.

Investigating Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) In Early Studies (Zero-Phase) to Prevent Delay in Operation of Construction Projects Iraj Jalali; S. Mahammad Poorhashemi; Alireza Mirjalili
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Delay in project execution is one of the outmost problems that lead to delay to operation and subsequently, early structural erosion or financial supply disturbance, etc. Delay is fallen into several categories and each category has its own specific origin. However, in the present paper, environmental factors causing delay to projects are investigated. Delay to Construction Projects operation can be prevented by embedding environmental studies, namely environmental impact assessment (EIA) in initial studies. Given that environmental events cannot be predicted and we can only rely on statistic reports of previous periods, the effect of embedding such assessment in projects is so useful that every manger is convinced to make use of this assessment in study phase. The research results revealed that it is necessary to present EIA in initial studies to prevent delay to Construction Projects operation. In the following, given to the necessity of checklist, the quality of the designed checklist was investigated. Finally, the checklist was implemented and checked. In this study, each of the research questions was separately tested.

Evaluation of the Performance of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Domestic Use in Tlalpan, Mexico City Niall Patrick Nolan; Cecilia Lartigue
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2017): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) as an alternative means of providing water in domestic contexts, is viewed as an effective supply option worldwide. In Mexico City, the water situation is critical and the provision of water services to the population represents a formidable challenge for the city’s water utilities. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for RWH to supply domestic properties in Tlalpan, 1 of 16 delegations in the city with one of the highest percentages of homes unconnected to the distribution network. Results show RWH can meet 88% of household water demand during the 6 month wet season, with an annual saving of 55%. Modelling a World Health Organisation minimum demand of 20 l/p/d as a means of resilience management in the event of a water crisis, 6-month and annual savings were 99% and 80% respectively. The minimum tank size to achieve wet season savings of 90% was 6m3 in two precipitation bands and tank sizes of 13,000 – 17,000L were sufficient in 3 out of 4 to prevent overspill. The report concludes RWH is a viable method of providing water in the south of the city and should be part of an integrated water management solution.

Examining the Effect of Dry Resin on Moisture Sensitivity of Asphaltic Mixtures Ghaffari Jajin, Morteza; Hamedi, Gholam Hossein
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures is defined by the loss of durability and resistance caused by the effect of moisture. The most common way to improve moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures is to use anti-strip additives. This study tended to use dry resin polymer additive to make a moisture-resistant asphaltic mixture. Two types of aggregate indicating different sensitivities against moisture were studied. In order to compare the effect of this material with other anti-strip additives, this study evaluated the effect of hydrated lime on reducing moisture damage and comparing its effect with dry resin polymer additive. The effect of these materials was evaluated by mechanical and thermodynamic concepts using indirect tensile ratio and surface free energy. The results indicated that dry resin polymer used in this study increased alkaline content and reduced acidic content of bituminous surface free energy, resulting in more adhesion between acidic aggregates which are more sensitive to resistance. It also improved bitumen-aggregate adhesion and reduced strip rate. Moreover, hydrated lime as an aggregate anti-strip agent and dry resin polymer as a bituminous modifier significantly increased the resistance of warm asphalt mixtures against moisture. The results of this study show that dry resin polymer can be used as an anti-strip agent instead of hydrated lime with operational problems.

Mechanistic Approach for Reducing the Thickness of Asphalt Layer Incorporating Steel Slag Aggregate Adham Mohammed Alnadish; Yusri Mohamad Aman
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of reducing the thickness of asphalt layer as a novel solution for the high density of asphalt layer incorporated with steel slag aggregate, which increase the cost of transportation. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design (MEPDG) approach was employed to evaluate the benefits of introducing polyvinyl alcohol fiber in terms of reducing the thickness of asphalt layer as well as the extension service life of asphalt layer. On the other hand, the correlation between creep strain slope (CSS) and secant creep stiffness modulus (SCSM) were assessed to provide a better evaluation and understanding concerning of the outputs of the dynamic creep test. The findings of this study showed that introducing polyvinyl alcohol fiber into the mixtures at the optimum content (0.5 kg/ton) have reduced the thickness of asphalt layer by approximately 10%. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol fiber has increased the performance of the asphalt mixtures concerning of resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Furthermore, the correlation between CSS and SCSM was strong, which indicates that evaluation of permanent deformation using CSS and SCSM parameters provides better actual assessment than accumulation strain.

Numerical Modeling of Soil-Pile-Interaction with Near and Far Field Earthquake's Effects Mohammad Shahmohammadi Mehrjerdi; Ahmad Ali Fallah; S.T. Tabatabaei Aghda
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2017): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper studies Near and Far Field effects of the response of a column-pile to earthquakes considering Dynamic-Soil-Structure-Interaction (DSSI) effects in soft clay (Vs<180 m/s ) and stiff clay (180<Vs<375 m/s). Opensees software that can simulate the dynamic time history analysis is used. Both kinematic and inertial interactions are considered and Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to solve DSSI. The direct method applies to 3D modeling of the layered soil and column-pile. A Pressure Independ Multi Yield Surface Plasticity Model is used to simulate different kinds of clay behavior. Time history seismic analyses provide for the mass and stiffness matrices to evaluate dynamic structural response with and without directivity effects for Near and Far Field earthquakes. Results show that the Multi-Yield-Surface-Kinematic-Plasticity-Model can be used instead of bilinear springs between piles and clay soil, for both Near Field and Far Field earthquakes. In addition, comparing Near and Far Field analyses, acceleration response spectrum at the top of the structure in the Far Field increases with the softness of the soil more than that in the Near field.

Experimental Study of Silty Clay Plane Strain Tri-axial Test under RTC Path and Modified Cam-clay Model Cheng, Tao; Zhang, Yi; Yan, Keqin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The character of geomaterials is affected by stress path remarkably. Under different stress paths, the stress-strain characteristics of geomaterials are difference. For the unloading path in existing engineering situation, the physical parameters and constitutive model is usually determined by loading test. The path to uninstall the actual project conditions which may be a larger error. Therefore, this work proceeding from the actual project, deep excavation of the lateral unloading condition is analysed. The tests of CTC path and RTC path on silty clay in Huangshi city of china by multi-path tri-axial plane strain are carried on in the geotechnical Engineering Laboratory of Huangshi Institute of Technology. Then, the phenomenon under the two stress paths are compared with each other and describing the differences between them. The mechanical properties in the RTC stress path is analyzed mainly. Based on the Cam-Clay model framework, then derived this material yield equation based on Cam-clay model, Laiding the foundation for the numerical analysis.

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