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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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The Effect of Local Fuse on Behavior of Concentrically Braced Frame by a Numerical Study Ali Kachooee; Mohammad Ali Kafi; Mohsen Gerami
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are one of the most widely used lateral load-resisting systems. Seismic performance of these structures has a weakness that is due to the brace buckling at a lower loading than the ultimate compressive loading capacity. In this paper, attempt is made to enhance the seismic response of CBFs through utilizing a local fuse. For this purpose, first the formulation of fuse area and length are presented. Then based on this formulation, several numerical models have been built and analyzed to examine the effect of implementing this fuse on seismic response of CBFs. From the analyses results, it is found that if the reduced cross-section fuse (RCF) is properly designed and also the end of brace is fixed, the CBFs with equal energy dissipation capacity, that are equipped with this fuse exhibit a better ductility than the customary CBFs.

Analysis of the Urban Water Requisition Demand for the Purpose of Re-engineering and Water Network Optimization (Case Study: Tabriz' Eram Urban Area) Aida Bagheri Basmenji; Alireza Mojtahedi; Aliyeh Rezayi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Water shortage is one of the most important challenges of this century and it would be a serious obstacle for the mankind. In the near future, drinking water supply and water resources management will be at the forefront of planning for urban managers, which is becoming a crisis due to the serious shortage of water resources. This problem is more critical in country of Iran, where water depletion is now receiving serious attention. Different water management programs have been started by government to conserve and manage water more efficiently, especially in some critical areas such as Tabriz megacity located in North East of the country. Eram town is one of the problematic areas of Tabriz. Hence, in this study, we tried to do reengineering for this town to offer some solutions for the problems related with water supplying of the implemented network in this region. Regarding this issue, the GIS (Geographic information system) data of the available water supply network was used and the collected field data such as consumption rates in current conditions were applied to the network. Then the calibration of model was performed. Eram Town water distribution network reengineering has been performed considering a 2043 plan, taking into account population growth and the increase in consumption. In conclusion, it is suggested that, the network will perform more efficiently by adding new pipes or modifying the existing pipes. Also, the problem of lack of pressure in some parts of the network which cannot fulfill the requirements of subscribers at peak water usage hours, could be solved.

Enhancing of CBR Strength and Freeze–Thaw Performance of Silty Subgrade Using Three Reinforcement Categories Ahmed Ebrahim Abu El-Maaty
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2016): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Silty subgrade soil cannot satisfy the requirements of highway construction because of its low strength and durability problems. A wide range of reinforcements have been used to improve soil performance. Improving the soil properties has caused more interest in identifying new accessible resources for reinforcement. This paper investigates the effect of including different reinforcement types on reducing the rapid accumulation of pavement damage caused by freeze–thaw cycles or low strength of a silty pavement foundation. The improvement of CBR strength and freeze-thaw behavior was tested with the inclusion of three reinforcement categories: i) randomly distributed fibers (natural palm fibers and chemical polypropylene fibers), ii) chemical additives (lime and cement), and iii) waste or by-product materials (fly ash and silica fume). To represent unsaturated and saturated soil conditions for various field applications, both unsubmerged and submerged samples were investigated. Mass losses were also calculated after freezing–thawing cycles as criteria for durability behavior. The test results for the reinforced specimens were compared with unreinforced samples to clarify the effectiveness of each reinforcement type and content. Unsubmerged samples especially that reinforced with waste materials provided a significant improvement in CBR strength. For submerged conditions, the best performance was observed from the specimens treated with chemical additives. 10% of cement reinforcement and 20% of waste materials provide the highest resistance against the freeze–thaw cycles.

Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Evaluation Method in Assessing Corrosion Damage of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Gao, Zhicheng; Li, Jiliang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Effective method used to deal with the corrosion damage condition of any concrete bridge superstructure will help decision makers of bridge management agencies to better choose repair material, and optimize repair method. Simplified corrosion index (SCI) is a very useful and simple index to characterize the actual corrosion damage condition of a reinforced concrete bridge superstructure. In this paper, SCI is calculated by combining the Corrosion Damage Index (CDI), Environment Change Factor (ECF) and Material Vulnerability Factor (MVF). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied to decide the weight factors of CDI, ECF and MVF. The Fuzzy-AHP evaluation method is used in this study to deal with the fuzzy problem of differentiating the different levels of corrosion indicators and to determine the appropriate weight factors. The asymmetric nearness degree method is applied to re-analyze the evaluation vector from Fuzzy-AHP method to calculate the corrosion damage level based on all corrosion indicators. A numerical example was presented to demonstrate the procedure and the benefits of the AHP method, and the proposed Fuzzy-AHP approach, along with the asymmetric nearness degree method, in dealing with the fuzzy nature of SCI calculation problem.

A Study of the Conditions of Energy Dissipation in Stepped Spillways with Λ-shaped step Using FLOW-3D Abbas Mansoori; Shadi Erfanian; Farhad Khamchin Moghadam
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In the present study, energy dissipation was investigated in a specific type of stepped spillways. The purpose was to achieve the highest level of energy dissipation in downstream of the spillway. It was performed by providing a specific type of geometry for step as a great roughness. Here, steps were recognized as great roughness against flow. Their shape and number were designed in such a way that the maximum flow energy can be minimized in this stage, i.e. over steps before reaching to downstream. Accordingly, it can be stated that the highest energy dissipation rate will be obtained in the structure at downstream. Moreover, thereby, heavy costs imposed by designing and constructing stilling basin on project can be minimized. In this study, FLOW-3D was employed to analyse and obtain energy dissipation rate. The best geometry of the steps, through which the maximum energy dissipation can be achieved, was determined by reviewing related literature and inventing the proposed model in FLOW-3D. To evaluate the proposed method, analyses were performed using trial and error in mesh networks sizes as well as the mentioned methods and the results were compared to other studies. In other words, the most optimal state was obtained with Λ-shaped step at angel of 25 degree with respect to energy dissipation rate compare to smooth step.

Application of Hyperstatic Reaction Method for Designing of Tunnel Permanent Lining, Part I: 2D Numerical Modelling Rahim Hassani; Rouhollah Basirat
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 6 (2016): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The increase of bored tunnels in the entire world has raised the question how to design the tunnel structure in an efficient way. This paper proposes a numerical approach to the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) for analysing permanent tunnel linings. The permanent tunnel lining is known as main structure of tunnel maintenance during the time. The HRM is one of the analysis methods for tunnel lining in long term. In this paper, two dimensional numerical modelling is performed by considering hyperstatic reaction concepts. Loading is done after the calculation of long term loads, and ground reaction is simulated by springs. Designing is done for Manjil-Rudabar freeway project, Tunnel No. 2. The numerical analyses were performed for Operational Design Earthquake (ODE) and Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) loading conditions. A new simplified approach is used for considering the effect of earthquake loading on the tunnel lining. Then, an interaction diagram between axial force and bending moment used for investigating the capacity of tunnel lining. The thickness of tunnel lining and armature are calculated for three sections based on induced forces in tunnel lining. These forces were different in every section according to the load combinations, rock mechanics properties, lining properties, and overburden. The numerical results showed that the forces in tunnel lining for MDE condition is approximately 50% more than ODE condition in earthquake loading. This numerical processing presented that the HRM is a proper, fast, and practical method for designing and analysing the tunnel lining.

Application of Electrodialysis Process for Reduction of Electrical Conductivity and COD of Water Contaminated By Composting Leachate Parsa, Nazila; Khajouei, Golnoosh; Masigol, Mohammadali; Hasheminejad, Hasti; Moheb, Ahmad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The presented paper describes an experimental study to reduce electrical conductivity (EC) of composting leachate-polluted water by using electrodialysis (ED) process. High efficiency, simple operation, low waste generation and selectivity are considered as major advantageous of applying ED process. Along with evaluation of ED method for desalination, the possibility of the process for COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal was also studied. The impact of- applied voltage, feed concentration and process time on ED performances were investigated. Increasing of the applied voltage and decrease of feed concentration enhanced the reduction of EC and improved the COD removal from the sample. At optimal condition (Voltage=10 Volt, feed solution=Cf/4 and time operation=120 min), the reduction of EC and COD removal were 92.7%, and 83.8%, respectively. Applying higher voltage and using more feed solution concentrations resulted in more energy consumption. The obtained results showed that ED method can be considered as an acceptable method to reduce salt and organic content.

Variation of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Clayey Soils in Exposure to Organic Permeants Hanane Mortezaei; Mehran Karimpour Fard
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 11 (2017): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Clayey soils are the most common material used in waterproofing and play an essential role in waste and contamination control. Permeability is a key parameter in such problems and its determination is needed in ensuring the satisfactory performance of the soil. Research has shown that a permeant fluid with a low dielectric constant can shrink the double layer around the clay particles which will, in turn, increase the permeability of the soil. In this paper, the permeability of two types of clay with different plasticity, exposed to the flow of water and methanol as polar and miscible solvents and gasoline and car oil as non-polar and immiscible solvents is investigated. In addition, the effect of soil properties such as plasticity and compaction water content on permeability of the samples is examined. To this end, soil samples are prepared and compacted at various water contents. Then, permeability tests are conducted according to the modified constant head method and the effects of parameters such as the fluid dielectric constant, water content of the samples and soil plasticity are examined. The results demonstrate that the lower dielectric constant of the organic fluid decreases the thickness of the double layer, providing more space for the flow of the permeant and as a result, the permeability of the clay increases. The reduction of the permeant dielectric constant from 80.4 to 2.28 led to a remarkable increase in soil permeability.

RETRACTED: Shear Strength Behavior of Crude Oil Contaminated Sand-Concrete Interface Amir Hossein Mohammadi; Taghi Ebadi; Mehrdad Ahmadi; Arash Aliasghar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 8 (2016): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This article has been retracted: please see Civil Engineering Journal policies: (https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/about/editorialPolicies).This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. It has come to our attention that there is significant duplication of text and content between this Civil Engineering Journal article and other paper by the same authors, "Shear Strength Behavior of Crude Oil Contaminated Sand-Concrete Interface" by Amir Hossein Mohammadi, Taghi Ebadi, Abolfazl Eslami, Geomechanics and Engineering (Techno Press) (Volume 12, Number 2, February 2017, pages 211-221) www.techno-press.org/content/?page=article&journal=gae&volume=12&num=2&ordernum=3. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that the paper is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Moment Connections-Analytical Investigation Using Finite Element Method Sofias, Christos; Tzourmakliotou, Dimitra
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Reduced Beam Section (RBS) moment resisting connections are among the most economical and practical rigid steel connections developed in the aftermath of the 1994 Northridge and the 1995 Kobe earthquakes. Although the RBS connection effectiveness was widely investigated using US design and construction practices, only limited data exist from European research. Recommendations of RBS applications in steel frames were prescribed in EC8, Part3. However the reliability of these recommendations is under consideration due to above mentioned poor existing data. This paper examines numerous different contours of radius cut-out (Group A) and provides recommendations for the design and detailing of radius cut Reduced Beam Section (RBS) moment connections.Â Furthermore, it examines and compares different beam cross sections of European steel profiles (Group B) while the sizing of the RBS cut is kept at a constant ratio. Analytical approach was conducted investigating the adopted by EC8, Part 3 key parameters for the design. The main objective of the applied RBS geometry is to protect the connection and its components (endplate, column flange, bolts, welds) from either plastification or failure. Although the computational cost for optimization with ABAQUS is very large, the results of this study ensures on one hand that the performances of the structural parts can be effectively improved by shape optimization and an the other hand that adjustment in the geometry of the radius cut is needed for safe application to European profiles.

Page 15 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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