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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 155   156   157   158   159 
Effect of Porous Rectangular Type Baffle Block Angle on Hydraulic Jump Downstream of Spillway Djunur, Lutfi Hair; Pallu, Muhammad S.; Karamma, Riswal; Bakri, Bambang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-04

Abstract

The elevation of the water surface upstream of the spillway structure increases significantly due to damming, leading to a rapid, supercritical flow downstream. This flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical, resulting in hydraulic jumps (Lj). The placement of a porous rectangular baffle block in the chute acts as an energy dissipator within the channel. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the angle of the porous rectangular baffle block on energy dissipation and hydraulic jumps downstream of the spillway structure. The experiment utilized a two-dimensional (2D) approach to evaluate energy dissipation and hydraulic jumps under various placements of the porous rectangular baffle block in the chute. The results indicated that the water level above the weir (hd) increased, along with turbulence downstream, while energy loss decreased. However, the efficiency of energy dissipation improved as variations in the water level above the weir decreased. A baffle block with an angle (α) of 60° was found to be the most effective in dissipating flow energy and shortening hydraulic jumps. Additionally, an empirical equation was developed for the hydraulic jump length as a function of the downstream Froude number (Fr): Lj=yt (k α hd(Fr-1)^4). The porous rectangular baffle block proved advantageous as it gradually dissipates flow velocity through its pore openings, preventing flow momentum reversal. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-04 Full Text: PDF
Optimizing Injection Moulding Processes for Structural Components in Construction Management Qurashi, Muhammad Nasir; Xiao, Cheng-Long; Alrasheed, Khaled A.; Benjeddou, Omrane
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-020

Abstract

The optimization of injection molding processes for structural components is critical in construction management, particularly for enhancing precision, efficiency, and sustainability. However, existing research has not fully addressed the complex interplay of factors that influence this optimization. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying and analyzing five key constructs: Structural Performance, Material Efficiency, Sustainability and Integration, Precision and Consistency, and Design Flexibility. Data were collected from 249 professionals in China using a Likert-scale survey and analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that Structural Performance is the most significant factor (β = 0.943, p < 0.001), followed by Material Efficiency (β = 0.858, p < 0.001) and Sustainability and Integration (β = 0.772, p < 0.001). The model's predictive relevance, with a Q² value of 0.659, confirms its robustness and accuracy. These findings highlight the need for construction managers to focus on improving Structural Performance and Material Efficiency while integrating sustainability and ensuring precision and flexibility. Optimizing injection molding for construction components is challenging due to complex factors like structural performance, material efficiency, and sustainability. This study develops a novel framework using Structural Equation Modeling to rank these factors, providing insights for cost-effective, high-performance outcomes, and advancing sustainable practices in construction management. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-020 Full Text: PDF
Assessing the Effect of Geometric Design and Land Use on Roundabouts Using Video Camera Al-Mistarehi, Bara; Imam, Rana; Al-Shawabkah, Majdoleen M.; Shtayat, Amir; Al-Omari, Aslam
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-012

Abstract

This study is concerned with assessing the effect of geometric design and land use on roundabouts, which are one of the most widely used traffic calming techniques. It aims to study the speed profiles before, at, and after thirty selected roundabouts in Jordan to develop models for predicting the circulating speed for through movement as a function of the land use of the roundabout, the roundabout geometric characteristics, and the approaching highway free-flow speed. A laser radar gun was used to capture speed data, and geometric characteristics were extracted from video pictures. Various parameters were employed to simulate the circulating speed, including the roundabout diameters, free flow speed, entry deviation angle, approaching highway exit width, circulating roadway width, and entry width. Speed profiles were developed for six roundabout types with different land uses and geometric characteristics. It was found that the roundabout effect on speed reduction extends to 150 m downstream the exit and upstream the entry. It was also discovered that the rate of reduction varies according to the upstream street free flow speed (FFS), with dramatic decreases observed at the last 50 m upstream of the entry. Variability in the speed values around the midpoint of the circulatory roadway was observed, with speed at the exit being higher than that at the entry. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-012 Full Text: PDF
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in a Regional Watershed Using the MIKE 11-NAM Model Saad, Alaa Hashim; Khayyun, Thair S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-08

Abstract

This study used the MIKE 11 NAM model to model stormwater runoff in a northern Iraqi regional watershed of the Greater Zab River. During model calibration (2003-2017), observed data on streamflow, evaporation, and rainfall were used to optimize the nine model parameters. In order to validate the model, independent data covering the years 2018 through 2022 was used. The model's efficacy was evaluated using statistical performance metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). During calibration (NSE = 0.81, RMSE = 2.2, and R² = 0.82) and validation (NSE = 0.90, RMSE = 6.9, and R² = 0.93), the model's performance demonstrated good agreement between simulated runoff and observed. The good agreement was for the low stream flow values compared to the high ones, due to the low number of parameters, which makes it easier to calibrate. Often, hydrological models do not capture peak flow phenomena, but there is a tendency for a good estimate of the low and medium stream flow values. Approximately 69% of the nutrient flow into the basin originated from the catchment area, which lies inside Iraq, while the remaining 31% came from the Turkey watershed. Future hydrological modeling in the area at the watershed level can utilize this model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-08 Full Text: PDF
Sustainable Concrete Production: Utilizing Cow Dung Ash and Corn Stalk Ash as Eco-Friendly Alternatives Jamwal, Aakash; Nautiyal, Akhilesh; Singh, Kanwarpreet; Alam, Shamshad; Alselami, Nimer Ali; Aati, Khaled M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10 (2024): Special Issue "Sustainable Infrastructure and Structural Engineering: Innovations in
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-02

Abstract

This study aims to determine whether it is feasible to replace conventional materials used in manufacturing concrete with waste materials, namely cow dung ash and corn stalk ash. This study proposes to assess the possibility of using these agricultural by-products to improve the sustainability of concrete while simultaneously tackling the environmental issues related to the manufacture of conventional concrete. The research aims to assess the mechanical qualities, optimize the mix proportions, and examine the ecological implications of using these substitute materials. This research aims to mitigate environmental challenges like carbon dioxide emissions, resource depletion, and the accumulation of agricultural waste by combining agricultural waste and lowering dependency on traditional cement. The study investigates the use of cow dung ash (CDA) and corn stalk ash (CSA) as alternatives for conventional Portland cement (OPC) in mortar mixes at varying quantities, ranging from 5% to 25% CDA and 2.5% to 10% CSA. Chemical composition reveals that CDA and CSA predominantly comprise O, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, and Ca. The workability, hardened characteristics, and microstructure of CDA and CSA were assessed. Increasing CDA and CSA percentages reduced mortar workability; nevertheless, replacing 8% to 10% CDA and 7.5% CSA maintained compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths comparable to control mixes. However, more significant CDA and CSA proportions resulted in lower mortar strength. For example, 10% CDA-enriched mortar had a compressive strength of 31.77 N/mm2, a tensile strength of 3.42 N/mm2, and a flexural strength of 3.61 N/mm2, whereas 7.5% CSA-enriched mortar had a compressive strength of 28.4 N/mm2, a tensile strength of 3.04 N/mm2, and a flexural strength of 3.7 N/mm2. According to the findings, CDA and CSA can replace OPC by up to 10% and 7.5% in mortar manufacturing, making cementitious material alternatives viable. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-02 Full Text: PDF
Assessing the Impact of Adverse Weather on Performance and Safety of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Abuzwidah, Muamer; Elawady, Ahmed; Wang, Ling; Zeiada, Waleed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-019

Abstract

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) might significantly enhance the transportation system by improving safety, accessibility, efficiency, and sustainability. However, a major challenge lies in ensuring CAVs can operate properly under diverse weather conditions, which have already proven to impair human driving capabilities. This pioneering study aims to bridge a crucial research gap by comprehensively assessing the performance of CAVs on traffic operations and safety across varying weather scenarios. Using microscopic traffic simulation in VISSIM and the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM), this study evaluates key metrics, including average speed, delay, number of stops, travel time, and number of conflicts for different CAV market penetration rates. The analysis spans 21 scenarios under clear, light rain, heavy rain, and foggy conditions within a selected urban corridor in the United Arab Emirates. The results showed that the average speed rose by 55% in clear weather, while the average delay, the number of stops, travel time, and the number of accidents decreased by 50%, 50%, 95%, and 68%, respectively. In light rain, the average speed improved by 43%, while the average delay, number of stops, travel time, and the number of accidents reduced by 43%, 56%, 96%, and 74%, respectively. The average speed increased by 82% under heavy rain, while the average delay, the number of stops, the travel time, and the number of accidents all fell by 62%, 68%, 96%, and 74%, respectively. In fog, the average speed rose by 32%, while the average delay, average stop number, travel time, and the number of accidents decreased by 33%, 47%, 90%, and 83%, respectively. Overall, this paper highlights the need for resilient CAV systems adaptable to diverse environmental conditions. It helps advance the understanding of how CAVs can be optimized for safety and efficiency in urban settings, contributing to sustainable transportation solutions. It provides insights into the challenges and innovative approaches for CAV deployment in adverse weather, laying a foundation for future research and the broader implementation of these technologies in urban mobility. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-019 Full Text: PDF
Geopolymers: Enhancing Environmental Safety and Sustainability in Construction Aiman, Muhammad S.; Othman, Idris; Waqar, Ahsan; Hamah Sor, Nadhim; Isleem, Haytham F.; Najm, Hadee M.; Benjeddou, Omrane; Sabri, Mohanad Muayad Sabri
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-015

Abstract

This study underscores the significant environmental advantages of geopolymer, notably its capacity for substantial CO2emission reduction and sustainable waste management by repurposing industrial by-products, enhancing the environmental safety in oil and gas projects. Central to our investigation is the identification and strategic overcoming of critical obstacles to the broader application of geopolymer, aiming to bridge the gap between its recognized potential and practical implementation in construction practices. Through a comprehensive analysis involving pilot, main, and validation surveys among construction industry professionals, we employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to elucidate the relationships between various barriers and the success of geopolymer concrete applications. Our findings reveal that standards and knowledge significantly influence the adoption of geopolymer concrete, with an R² value of 0.873 indicating a high predictive utility of these constructs. The research underscores the critical need for enhanced support in research and development to improve geopolymer concrete's durability and performance over time. Significantly, this study contributes novel insights into overcoming the industry's hesitancy towards geopolymer concrete, highlighting its importance for sustainable construction practices and reducing the environmental footprint of building materials. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-015 Full Text: PDF
Utilization of Hybrid SIFCON to Improve Performance and Properties of Slab System Openings Abuzaid, Esraa Kh.; Osman, S. A.; Mutalib, Azrul A.; Al-Zaidee, Salah R.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-07

Abstract

This research aims to enhance Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (SIFCON) by incorporating both long and short fibers, with the goal of increasing ductility and mechanical properties behavior. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of SIFCON in strengthening two-way reinforced concrete slabs with large openings. Various SIFCON mixes were created, integrating hooked-end fibers, micro steel fibers, and different volume ratios (Vf) of hybrid steel fibers (one-third, one-half, and two-thirds). A reference mix with 2% hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (SFC) was formulated for comparison. Hybrid SIFCON samples demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to those reinforced with hooked fibers, showing higher compressive strength, cylinder compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct tensile strength by 14%, 13.9%, 38.2%, and 58.2%, respectively, at 28 days, but a lower splitting tensile strength by 24%. Compared to micro steel fiber-reinforced samples, hybrid SIFCON exhibited higher compressive strength, cylinder compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength by 18.2%, 51%, 167.5%, and 43.6%, respectively, but a lower direct tensile strength by 7.4%. The study involved nine two-way square slabs with various mixtures of normal concrete, mortar-infiltrated fiber concrete, and full SIFCON. Control samples were constructed using normal-strength concrete. The application of SIFCON increased punching shear strength by 3.21% to 154.25% compared to the control samples. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-07 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Performance of a New Composite Double PSSDB Slab System Filled with Recycled Concrete Al-Sudani, Zaid A.; De’nan, Fatimah; Al-Zand, Ahmed W.; Abd Rahman, Noorhazlinda; Liejy, Mohammed C.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-03

Abstract

This study investigated the flexural performance of a composite floor system utilizing a profile steel sheet dry board (PSSDB) that was enhanced by adding an additional layer of profile steel sheet (PSS) and infilled with both normal and recycled concrete materials. This improved system is referred to as the double-profile steel sheet dry board (DPSSDB) system. The new DPSSDB concept was proposed to reduce fabrication costs, overall weight, and the depth of the composite floor system compared to traditional composite beam-slab systems. To assess the impact of the additional PSS layer, ten full-scale specimens of both PSSDB and DPSSDB were subjected to four-point static load tests. Additionally, the study investigated the use of lightweight recycled aggregates such as crumb rubber and expanded polystyrene as partial replacements for the aggregates in the infill concrete. The results demonstrated that the DPSSDB system exhibited a 112–170% increase in bending capacity compared to the PSSDB specimens. Partial replacement of concrete aggregates with lightweight recycled materials up to 50% had only a marginal effect on the bending behavior of both PSSDB and DPSSDB specimens compared to those filled with normal concrete. However, replacing 75% of the aggregate with recycled materials led to a 27% reduction in the flexural bending capacity of the DPSSDB specimens compared to those infilled with normal concrete. Additionally, a new method (theoretical equation) was developed to predict the ultimate moment strength (flexural) of the novel DPSSDB composite slab system, which aligned well with the experimental results, achieving a deviation percentage of 0.81% and a mean value of 0.965a. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-03 Full Text: PDF
Assessment of Fluid Forces on Flooded Bridge Superstructures Using the SPH Method Do, T. A.; Nguyen, T. H.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-019

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical simulation utilizing the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) methodology to analyze the impact of water flow on bridge superstructures. The focus of the study is the Canh Nang bridge, which experienced significant damage during a severe flood in Vietnam. The SPH model accounts for flow morphology, velocity fields, and flow pressure around the submerged superstructure, providing insights into areas of high flow pressure and the water resistance coefficient (Cd). By employing modified dynamic boundaries for solid surfaces and the inflow-outflow conditions, the model effectively addresses fluid-bed and fluid-structure interactions. The results highlight elevated flow pressure on specific surface locations of the superstructure, while lower pressures are observed on the bottom surfaces and between adjacent girders. The calculated Cd values are evaluated against those from various bridge design standards, including the Indian code, Eurocode, AS5100, and TCVN 11823. This comparison reveals discrepancies and suggests the potential for refining current design practices. Future research directions include the experimental validation of SPH model results and the exploration of how structural parameters influence superstructure response during flood events. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-019 Full Text: PDF

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