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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
Evaluation of GPM IMERG Product Against Ground Station Rainfall Data in Semi-Arid Region Krisnayanti, Denik Sri; Pah, Jusuf J. S.; Klau, Ralno R.; Decaprio, Alex; Syamsumarlin, .
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-09

Abstract

Benanain River is the longest and largest river on Timor Island, with a length of 132 km and an area of 6,460.12 km². In this region, a significant factor affecting the presence of surface water sources is rainfall. To compensate for the lack or unavailability of automatic Rainfall Data (RD) in the Benanain River Basin (BRB), Global Rainfall Measurement (GPM) data from 1998 to 2018 (20 years) were used. The accuracy of GPM rainfall analysis was obtained when parameter conformity and compatibility with data recorded at Rainfall Station (RS) were maintained. The difficulty of predicting rainfall values, spatially and temporally, in the field led to data gaps and unreliable data for analysis needs. Additionally, RD obtained from observation stations contributed to measuring rainfall because there was insufficient RD for analysis in a few regions. The challenge of accurately predicting rainfall values in the field led to differences in data, rendering it unreliable for analysis. To address this issue, satellite data was required as an alternative method to estimate rainfall. Among a total of 7 RS, only 2 passed rainfall characteristic tests. Following this discussion, Lahurus station showed a correlation coefficient of 0.7046, an RMSE of 25.89, and an NSE of 0.476. In addition, the rainfall characteristic test result for Haliwen Station was 1.66 (R100/R2). The second station that passed was Kaubele Station, signifying a correlation coefficient of 0.7907, RMSE of 25.28, and NSE of 0.604. Additionally, the rainfall characteristic test result for Haliwen Station was 3.04 (R100/R2) and the daily performance of the GPM product in the rainy season with low rainfall (≤ 50 mm) was better compared to extreme rainfall (≥ 100 mm). In this study, corrected GPM daily RD in the range >100 mm was underestimated. This analysis implied that the GPM IMERG Final Run product on daily and monthly rainfall timescales had strong detection capabilities and provided data support for long-time series investigations on Timor Island. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-09 Full Text: PDF
The Effects of Seismic Behavior on High Ground Stress Soft Rock Tunnel: A Review Sam, Joel
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-020

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to critically assess seismic activity's effects on soft rock tunnels under high ground stress scenarios. The paper seeks to identify key novelties and research gaps in the existing literature, offering new insights into analytical techniques, excavation methods, support systems, and monitoring technologies. A comprehensive review of recent studies was conducted, focusing on seismic behavior, analytical techniques, and mitigation strategies for soft rock tunnels. Case studies were selected based on their relevance to high ground stress conditions and their contribution to understanding seismic resilience. Significant findings include the identification of specific geological conditions that exacerbate seismic risks and the comparative effectiveness of various analytical techniques and support systems. Novel insights into the interaction of structural reinforcements and monitoring systems are also discussed. The review highlights new analytical techniques and advanced monitoring systems that improve predictive accuracy and early detection of seismic risks. It also proposes a refined approach to integrating mitigation strategies for enhanced tunnel resilience. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-020 Full Text: PDF
Comparative Study of Different Classification Methods and Winner Takes All Approach Abdel Aziz, Khaled Mahmoud; Elsonbaty, Loutfia
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-016

Abstract

One of the most popular methods in remote sensing for gathering and evaluating satellite data is the classification of images. Several categories exist for image classification techniques, including supervised and unsupervised classification, pixel-based, object-based, and rule-based approaches. Each type of technique has pros and cons of its own. Choosing the method that produces the best results is one of the issues with image classification. The "best" model for classifying images relies on the particular task and the dataset used. The ideal classification technique is a crucial component in increasing classification accuracy. The strengths and drawbacks of various models vary, so selecting one that is appropriate for the job is critical. The main objective of this research is to analyze and compare the results of each classifier used, including ISODATA, K-mean, Maximum likelihood, Minimum distance, Support vector machine, and Neural network then integrate these different types of classification using the winners-takes-all classification approach in order to try to improve the results. The classified images were assessed, and both the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were calculated and gave 79.50%, 73.89%, 77.05%, and 84.98%, 86.53%, 87.18%, and 88.69% for ISODATA, K-means, Minimum distance (MD), Maximum likelihood (MXL), Support vector machine (SVM), Neural network (NNT), and winner takes all (WTA), respectively. From the results, the Winner takes all (WTA) presented a superior in terms of the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-016 Full Text: PDF
Polyethylene Terephthalate Modified Asphalt Concrete with Blended Recycled Aggregates: Analysis and Assessment Suddeepong, Apichat; Akkharawongwhatthana, Kongsak; Horpibulsuk, Suksun; Buritatum, Apinun; Hoy, Menglim; Yaowarat, Teerasak; Pongsri, Nantipat; Chinkulkijniwat, Avirut; Arulrajah, Arul; Horpibulsuk, Jitwadee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-08

Abstract

The research study attempts to ascertain the mechanical performance of asphalt concrete, using reclaimed asphalt concrete pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) blends with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a modifier. The influence factors were evaluated, including RAP/RCA ratios and PET contents on static and cyclic performances. The static performance was assessed through the indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests, while the cyclic performance was assessed through the indirect tensile resilient modulus (ITMR), indirect tensile fatigue life (ITFL), and wheel tracking tests. Compared to asphalt concrete using natural aggregate (NA), the ITMR of RAP-RCA-PET asphalt concretes was higher when PET contents were between 0.2% and 0.6% for RAP/RCA = 80/20. The ITFL of RAP-RCA-PET asphalt concretes was found to be higher than that of NA asphalt concrete when PET contents ranged from 0.2% to 0.6% for RAP/RCA < 90/10. The ITFL was also higher when PET content was between 0.4% and 0.6% for RAP/RCA = 100/0. RAP-RCA-PET asphalt concretes exhibited lower rut depth than NA asphalt concrete with RAP/RCA = 90/10 and 60/40 at PET contents of 0.4% to 1.0% and with RAP/RCA = 80/20 at PET contents of 0.2% to 1.0%. The RAP/RCA = 80/20 and PET content = 0.6% were found to be the best ingredient in term of both fatigue cracking and rutting resistances. As per the systematic analysis, the fatigue distress models of RAP-RCA-PET asphalt concretes for various PET contents were developed in term of ITFL and tensile strain (????????) relationship and useful for mechanistic design. The results of this research will contribute to promoting RAP-RCA-PET asphalt concrete as a greener material in pavement construction. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-08 Full Text: PDF
Flood Hazard Assessment Due to Changes in Land Use and Cover Supratman, Maman; Kusuma, Muhammad S. B.; Cahyono, Muhammad; Kuntoro, Arno Adi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-04

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of land use changes on the occurrence of flood hazards in the Pondok Karya area, Jakarta, Indonesia. Landsat OLI 8 and 7 from 2002 to 2023 were analyzed with a supervised classification tool using Envi and ArcGIS to investigate land use changes over the period. Additionally, the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS tools were utilized for hydrological and hydraulic assessments under 25 discharge return periods (Q25), using a daily rainfall dataset from 2004 to 2021. The flood hazard index was produced using statistical and GIS methodologies and was based on Neighbourhood Associations (NAs) after qualified hydraulic model performance, indicating a Nash 0.65–Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) value. The analysis revealed considerable alterations in land use and cover within the Pondok Karya watershed. Consequently, the percentage of urban areas surged 30%, whereas vegetative cover declined 24%. Additionally, bare land decreased 9%, and water bodies marginally increased 3%. This indicates a 10% increase in the peak flood river flow of Mampang, from approximately 90 m³/s to 100 m³/s within this period. Subsequently, the percentage of high-risk areas increased from 42.85% (six NAs) to 57.14% (eight NAs), whereas the percentage of low-risk areas decreased from 14.29% (two NAs) to 7.14% (one NAs). Moderate-risk areas also decreased from 42.85% (six NAs) to 35.71% (five NAs). The study found that despite vegetative cover exceeding 30%, the capacity of the Mampang River remained inadequate, and the risk of flooding increased with the impact of its conversion. Additionally, the soil properties and social intervention factors contributed to the performance of the inundation model. Our study underscores the need for further research to mitigate flood risks and advocate interventions such as reservoir construction or river normalization in the upper Mampang catchment area. This study is useful for both local and central governments, which act as decision-makers to reduce the risk of flooding. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-04 Full Text: PDF
The Performance of Geosynthetic Reinforcement Road Pavement Over Expansive Soil Subgrade Hairulla, .; Harianto, Tri; Djamaluddin, Abdul Rahman; Arsyad, Ardy
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-020

Abstract

One of the problems faced in infrastructure development, especially roads, is problematic soils, including expansive soils, which are distributed around 20% of national road construction in Indonesia. Geosynthetics are reinforcement materials that can be used to overcome problematic soils. The study aimed to determine the behavior of expansive soil with geosynthetic reinforcement against swelling potential and swelling pressure in the wetting cycle. The research utilized an experimental approach involving three test concepts. The first was a control test without reinforcement. The second included a combination of geogrid, geotextile, and geomembrane layers, while the third utilized an H2Rx reinforcement layer. Analysis was carried out on the development potential and pressure; the test was carried out for 57 days using displacement sensors and pressure sensors, and data recording was carried out every 5 seconds using a computer. The findings from the results of this study indicated that the presence of reinforcement using a geosynthetic reinforcement layer can overcome the behavior that occurs in expansive soils with swelling potential and swelling pressure. The novelty of this research is the inclusion of a geosynthetic reinforcement layer on expansive soil combined with a drainage layer in the pavement subgrade. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-020 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Steel-Plate Reinforced Vertical Opening Abed Shnait, Masharq; Izzet, Amer F.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-04

Abstract

The structural response of simply supported Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams with square vertical openings is investigated in this work. Studies were conducted using seven specimens of RC beams, with the aim of comparing beams with vertical openings to those without. Meanwhile, the other beams featured carefully positioned square openings. Note that one of these beams served as the control and had no openings. Each beam was the same length (1400 mm) with a 180×120 mm cross-section. Two-point loads were applied over a span of 1200 mm throughout the testing method, with a central load placed 300 mm from the ends. The openings were positioned in the middle of the span and came in three different widths: 20, 40, and 60 mm. Openings were made using either 1.5 mm thick square steel tubing or none at all. The major goal of this study was to determine whether the steel tube could compensate for the decrease in beam strength and the impact of decreasing beam cross-section (producing opening). Correspondingly, the beam ultimate load was found to decrease by 15.75%, 24.2%, and 32.5% for opening widths of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, as the opening width increased. On the other hand, the performance gain for beams strengthened with steel plates when steel tubes were used was 11.78%, 12.14%, and 13.28% for the respective opening widths. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-04 Full Text: PDF
Vehicle Safety Application through the Integration of Flood Detection and Safe Overtaking in Vehicular Communication Seng, Kwang Chee; Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Yogarayan, Sumendra
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-015

Abstract

Road safety in Malaysia is a major concern due to frequent floods and accidents caused by overtaking. These issues result in significant injuries and losses. In this paper, we introduce a new system called the Safe Driving Tool (SDT). The SDT integrates a Flood Detection System (FDS) and a Vehicle Overtaking System (VOS) using Long-Range (LoRa) communication technology. The FDS continuously monitors water levels in flood-prone areas. It alerts drivers about potential hazards through vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Simultaneously, the VOS enables safe overtaking maneuvers. It does this by exchanging information with nearby vehicles through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Through testing and experimentation, we have shown that the SDT system effectively reduces accident risks and losses associated with floods and overtaking. The system's performance under various conditions confirms the reliability and effectiveness of LoRa communication technology in enhancing vehicular safety. This study represents a significant advancement in road safety. It combines flood detection and overtaking assistance into a single unified system, addressing two major causes of road accidents in Malaysia. The integration of V2I and V2V communication provides a comprehensive solution that improves driver awareness and decision-making. This ultimately leads to safer driving environments and enhanced driver convenience. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-015 Full Text: PDF
Investigation of an Innovative Technique for R.C. Piles Reinforced by Geo-Synthetics Under Axial Load Badawi, Mona I.; Awwad, Mahmuod; Roshdy, Mohab; El-Kasaby, El-Sayed A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-011

Abstract

The use of alternative reinforcement material to enhance the performance of the pile capacity has gained increasing interest in recent years. This study seeks to probe the improvement of the ultimate pile capacity, reduction the deformation, and the financial results of using alternative reinforcement material such as glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP), geosynthetics geogrids, as well as a combination of geosynthetics geogrids and a central steel bar. Axial load investigations were conducted on circular piles with 150 mm diameter and 1050 mm height. The experimental results revealed an improvement in the axial capacity of up to 25.4% and an enhancement in performance represented in ductility. Furthermore, financial and weight comparisons showed a decrease in the cost by up to 15%. Moreover, a nonlinear finite element (FE) study with Abaqus software was employed to standardize the numerical outcomes with the laboratory findings. The FE analysis was also verified with the previous studies. The 3D nonlinear finite element numerical model performed showed convergence with and without representing the surrounding soil of the pile; thus, confirming the adequacy of the experimental setup adopted. Finally, a suggested theoretical equation is developed to evaluate the change in pile axial load capacity based on the use of different reinforcement materials. The application of the proposed theoretical equation provides further insight into the governing equation involving different reinforcing materials. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-011 Full Text: PDF
A Formula for Predicting Primary Settlement of Tropical Highly Organic Soil and Peat in the Field Prativi, Ayu; Mochtar, Noor Endah; Mochtar, Indrasurya B.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-03

Abstract

Highly organic soil and peat are problematic soils due to their low bearing capacity and high compressibility. In tropical regions, the presence of woody material in these soils often affects the stress-compression and time-compression curves in load-increment consolidation tests, leading to unusual shapes. Consequently, conventional inorganic soil theory and the Cα/Ccconcept are inadequate for analyzing their compression behavior. As an alternative, the Gibson and Lo model can be used to obtain compression parameters from single-load consolidation tests. However, this method introduces considerable discrepancies when predicting the primary settlement. To address this issue, this paper proposes a formula for predicting the primary settlement in highly organic soil and peat in the field, especially in tropical regions. Samples were collected from several locations in Indonesia. The formula was constructed from the stress-strain relationship during the primary compression stage, obtained from numerous single-load consolidation tests. Long-term field settlement is predicted by combining this empirical equation for primary settlement with the Gibson and Lo model for secondary settlement. The proposed formula was verified using field soil monitoring data, demonstrating reasonable accuracy in predicting the primary settlement of highly organic soil and peat. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-03 Full Text: PDF

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